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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of histologically proven retinoblastoma are presented whose unusual clinical appearance suggested that ultrasonographic studies should be carried out. These cases exhibited an atypical pattern different from those previously described, and were clinically and ultrasonographically misdiagnosed as endophthalmitis.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Atypical echographic forms of retinoblastomas. 660 27

We correlated the pathologic diagnosis with the preoperative clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma in children treated by enucleation within the United States and Canada between the years 1974 and 1980. In order to avoid inappropriate selectivity and institutional bias, we studied only those cases submitted directly to the Registry of Ophthalmic Pathology in which the enucleated eyes had not been examined initially at the local hospital. Of the 56 eyes removed because of suspected retinoblastoma, 15 (26.8%) did not contain a malignant tumor. In two cases enucleation was delayed because retinoblastoma was not considered initially in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous hyphema. During the same period, two of 268 eyes that were enucleated for reasons other than suspected retinoblastoma were found to contain a retinoblastoma. The diagnostic error rate in our study reflects the persistent difficulty in diagnosing retinoblastoma in eyes with opaque media and retinal detachment.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Retinoblastoma: the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in children treated by enucleation. 664 84

Computed tomography (CT) constitutes a major advance in noninvasive diagnostic investigation of children with leukokoria , especially where media opacities preclude adequate visualization of the posterior segment, and, performed in conjunction with other studies such as diagnostic ultrasonography, has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. Although retinoblastoma, the commonest life-threatening cause of leukokoria , usually presents with characteristic CT findings of intraocular calcification, during extraocular extension, the orbital portions of the tumor are non-calcific and contrast dramatically with the intraocular portion. Currently CT is also the best available technique for diagnosis of trilateral retinoblastoma. Computed tomographic features of several types of pseudogliomas (a collective term for lesions commonly mistaken for retinoblastomas) are also discussed with histopathologic correlation. In persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, a conical density in CT corresponded to detached and dysplastic retina. A high density layered opacity corresponded to subretinal blood. In Coats' disease and sclerosing endophthalmitis homogenous intraocular CT density corresponds to vitreous and subretinal exudates radiologically indistinguishable from non-calcific retinoblastoma. Long-standing retinal detachments in children occasionally presenting with leukokoria showed subtle homogenous intraocular densities on CT.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Computed tomography with histopathologic correlation in children with leukokoria. 672 55

Many chromosomal syndromes include ocular anomalies. In the del(13q) syndrome retinoblastoma, coloboma, and microphthalmia may be present. In the del(13q) case we report, the findings include colobomas and apparent microphthalmia, although the retinoblastoma sometimes associated with this condition was not observed. More precise descriptions of the del(13q) syndrome relative to the region deleted using improved banding techniques may: (1) increase the likelihood of accurate diagnosis, (2) enhance clinical predictions, and (3) possibly further clarify the genetic control over the development of the ocular system.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Cytogenetic analysis of a case of "13q- syndrome" (46,XX,del 13) using banding techniques. 677 81

Sixty-six patients were treated "conservatively" for unilateral retinoblastoma. Forty-eight of 57 (84%) were treated primarily with unilateral radiation, one patient was treated with a cobalt plaque, and eight patients were treated with either cryopexy or xenon arc photocoagulation. With a median follow-up of 73 months, there have been no deaths. Five of 39 eyes that were in groups I to III have been salvaged. Virtually all eyes in groups IV and V (12 of 14) came to enucleation. The age at diagnosis for patients with a positive family history was early (2.5 months), and the patients had a greater number of individual tumors in one eye (2.4), compared with those without a positive family history (27 months, 1.2 tumors per eye). When unilateral retinoblastoma is detected at an early age, the most common sign is strabismus, not leukokoria.
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PMID:The management of unilateral retinoblastoma without primary enucleation. 710 8

This study tested lymphocyte cytotoxicity from patients with retinoblastoma. Lymphocytes were tested against two permanent cell lines, WERI and Y-79. Normal volunteers served as controls. The lymphocyte reactivity of both patients with retinoblastoma and their mothers showed significant elevation compared with the controls. This strongly suggests that transplacental sensitization had occurred in utero and that the tumor was present prior to birth. Two children suspected of having retinoblastoma was tested and found to have elevated cytotoxicity titers but were later shown to have nematode inflammatory reaction. Both of their mothers' lymphocytes were not reactive to the tumor cell line. These results indicate that retinoblastoma can be present in utero with sensitization of the mother to the tumor. This test, with further refinement, may be applicable as a screening test in the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Lymphocyte cytotoxicity testing in patients and families with retinoblastoma. 724 5

Two patients who received supervoltage x-ray external beam irradiation for treatment of retinoblastoma by standard techniques showed interference with the root formation of the maxillary deciduous molars and abnormalities of crown and root formation of the permanent maxillary molars. Both patients showed a relative maxillary retrognathism thought to be related to radiation effects on maxillary bone growth. Simulation of lateral radiation portals with subsequent beam shaping using an appropriate block placed in the radiation beam is suggested as a means to eliminate the dental complications of radiation therapy for retinoblastoma.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:The effect of radiotherapy in the treatment of retinoblastoma upon the developing dentition. 739 97

An infant girl suffering from bilateral retinoblastoma and psychomotor retardation with a translocation of the long arm of chromosome 13 to the short arm of the X chromosome was described. The break point was determined to locate in band 13. As the band q14 is probably intact, the position effect might have attributed to the formation of retinoblastoma in this case.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Bilateral retinoblastoma with a 13qXp translocation. 739 6

A case of orbital Burkitt's tumor is reported. It was misdiagnosed as advanced retinoblastoma because of globe invasion and destruction. The correct diagnosis was obtained from histology of the extenterated eye. Preoperative therapeutic trial was chemotherapeutic agents in such cases is suggested to avoid unnecessary exenteration.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Orbital Burkitt's tumor presenting as advanced retinoblastoma. 739 7

A 28 mth old male presented with a squint and leukocoria. Clinical examination and computerized tomography (CT) suggested a unilateral retinoblastoma with distal optic nerve involvement. Investigations for distant metastasis including lumbar puncture cytology were negative. The eye was enucleated and 12 mm of optic nerve was excised via a combined neurosurgical/ophthalmological approach. Histopathological examination confirmed the optic nerve to the point of excision was free of tumor. However, cytology of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the Sylvian fissure, taken at the time of surgery, revealed malignant retinoblastoma cells. The patient was treated with intrathecal and intravenous chemotherapy, and cranial radiotherapy. He is alive and well 4 yrs later. This case displays the importance of CSF cytology from the Sylvian fissure, as it dramatically changed the management and prognosis for the child. The role of lumbar puncture cytology in excluding CSF micrometastasis can be unreliable. A neurosurgical approach to the optic nerve has the potential to gain access to a long length of optic nerve, should it be involved with tumor, and also allows direct CSF sampling.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma with micrometastasis to CSF. 760 47


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