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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Life tables analyses were performed from the records of 1147 patients seen between 1958 and 1983 to determine correlation between age at diagnosis and survival from metastatic retinoblastoma. No difference was noted overall in survival from metastatic retinoblastoma for unilateral vs. bilateral, male vs female, or family history vs negative family history. Survival rate of 21 of 40 patients diagnosed after age 7 and receiving no treatment was 96%. Two patients in this group did develop metastasis: one because of late diagnosis and one because treatment was refused. One patient with an "arrested retinoblastoma" showed growth in his third decade, necessitating treatment. Survival was poorest in patients diagnosed between ages two and seven years where mortality was 19% from metastatic retinoblastoma. Patients diagnosed between birth and two years had an intermediate survival of 95%. Because of second nonocular tumors, survival of the patient with unilateral retinoblastoma was significantly better than that of the bilaterally affected child.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Retinoblastoma: correlation between age at diagnosis and survival. 374 92

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in children. The clinical features are leucocoria and/or strabismus. The ophthalmic diagnosis is straight forward in clear eye media with a white gray mass in the fundus. With opaque ocular media, other diagnostic procedures such as CT and ultrasonography are important. In the present study the results of CT examinations of 23 patients with histologically proven retinoblastomas are presented. The mean age of the patients was two years. The characteristic CT finding is a partly calcified intravitreous mass lesion mostly confined within the eyeball. Two cases showed retrobulbar extension and two intracranial tumor extension. No metastasis was found in the brain, liver, spleen, long bones, chest or skull. The radiologic screening procedures for retinoblastoma metastasis are discussed. In patients suspected to have a retinoblastoma, it is recommended to perform CT of the orbits and brain in order to detect the tumor and its possible retrobulbar and intracranial extension.
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PMID:Computed tomography of retinoblastoma. 379 21

A two-and-a-half-year-old male child presented with unilateral leukocoria. Clinical examination disclosed what was believed to be a mild form of persistent hyperplastic vitreous associated with total retinal detachment and exophytic retinoblastoma. The enulceated eye contained diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma with tumor cells involving a stalk of persistent primary vitreous without hyperplasia.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma associated with persistent primary vitreous. 398 80

A 10-month-old boy who presented with strabismus and symptoms of intracranial hypertension was found to have a pineoblastoma and a unilateral ocular retinoblastoma. Despite enucleation of the eye, subtotal removal of the pineoblastoma, and craniospinal axis irradiation, the patient died 6 months later from disseminated intracranial neoplasm. As there was no clinical evidence of bilateral retinoblastoma, this case may represent a forme fruste of the trilateral retinoblastoma complex. The clinicopathological features of this unusual syndrome are reviewed.
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PMID:Concurrent pineoblastoma and unilateral retinoblastoma: a forme fruste of trilateral retinoblastoma? 404 65

Retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, presents in many patterns, typically as the easily recognizable signs of leukokoria, glaucoma, strabismus, or vision loss. A small percentage manifest as other more common diagnoses. These more unusual signs can involve any portion of the eye segment, including the orbit and lids, the anterior segment, and the posterior segment, as well as produce systemic illness. This paper deals with the first reported case of retinoblastoma presenting as a spontaneous total hyphema. Accurate diagnosis of similar situations can only be made by means of a high index of suspicion of malignancy and the use of diagnostic tests such as ultrasound and computed axial tomographic scanning.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma presenting as a total hyphema. 405 86

A retrospective analysis of the records of 1531 retinoblastoma patients (809 male, 720 female, sex of two not known) was carried out to ascertain life table survivals. Of patients seen between 1914 and 1983 survival from metastatic retinoblastoma was the same for unilateral and bilateral patients. Metastatic retinoblastoma occurred within four years from diagnosis of the unilaterally affected patients and within nine years from diagnosis of the bilaterally affected patients. Survival thereafter remained at 76%. Because of the development of second non-ocular tumors in survivors of bilateral retinoblastoma there was a dramatic difference between survival of the patient with unilateral and bilateral disease. Within five years after diagnosis of bilateral retinoblastoma more children die from their second tumor than retinoblastoma itself. By 25 years after diagnosis more than 50% of the bilaterally affected children are dead and by 35 years 59% are dead. There was no difference between survival of boys and girls. Although bilateral patients were seen at significantly lower ages at diagnosis, they did not have a lower mortality rate from metastatic retinoblastoma. Despite the fact that bilaterally affected children with a family history were diagnosed at a younger age than those without a family history (11 vs. 15 mos.) mortality from metastatic retinoblastoma was the same. Similarly, even though unilateral patients with a family history were diagnosed younger than those without a family history (5 vs. 25 mos.) mortality from metastatic retinoblastoma was the same. There has been little change in the age at detection for retinoblastoma in the pre- versus post-1958 series and no change in survival rate for bilateral or unilateral patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Retinoblastoma: survival, age at detection and comparison 1914-1958, 1958-1983. 407 67

We studied 62 eyes submitted to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) from 1958 through 1980 that satisfied our criteria for the histologic diagnosis of Coats' disease. Our histopathologic definition of Coats' disease was the presence of a primary vascular lesion consisting of retinal telangiectasia with leakage of plasma to form intraretinal and subretinal exudates. In the cases we reviewed, Coats' disease occurred more frequently in boys, it usually affected only one eye, and was generally detected in the first decade of life. In 52 cases (79%) the clinical manifestations, strabismus and leukokoria, were thought to be caused by retinoblastoma. Angle closure glaucoma was present in 36 cases (58%). In all but one of the cases studied, the lesion was located peripheral to the equator. We further identified diffuse involvement of capillaries in the peripheral retina using trypsin-digest preparations. Associated histologic findings included: rubeosis iridis, cataract, vitreous neovascularization, and nodules resulting from fibrous metaplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium. These fibrous nodules typically occurred in the macular area and occasionally contained calcium or bone.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Coats' disease: a study of 62 histologically confirmed cases. 650 5

Treatment of retinoblastoma with argon laser photocoagulation in a five-month-old boy is described. His right eye had been enucleated for a large retinoblastoma. A small lesion in the left eye was successfully treated with argon laser. The patient has retained good vision without any complication and there has been no evidence of recurrence for four years.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Treatment of retinoblastoma with argon laser photocoagulation. 654 37

We performed a retrospective analysis of 58 children with retinoblastoma seen at the University of Illinois at Chicago between 1960 and 1982. Our findings showed an almost equal distribution by sex, a predominance (69%) of white patients, and a common presenting symptom (70%) of leukocoria, with (22%) or without (48%) strabismus. Unilateral involvement was noted in 35 patients (60%). Of the 23 (40%) bilaterally affected children, 19 had simultaneous involvement at the time of diagnosis. All bilateral and 90% of the unilateral cases were diagnosed before age five years. Family history was positive for retinoblastoma in five bilateral and one unilateral case. At the time of diagnosis, 35 patients had stage V disease (Reese-Ellsworth classification, Table 1). Depending on the stage of disease treatment included enucleation, radiation, and chemotherapy. Mortality was 25% from 1960 to 1974, and zero thereafter.
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PMID:Retrospective analysis of 58 children with retinoblastoma. 654 86

Three children with histopathologically diagnosed sclerosing endophthalmitis presumably secondary to Toxocara canis were studied by orbital computed tomography. The diffuse increased intraocular density present in the CT scans was indistinguishable from that observed in Coats's disease and non-calcifying retinoblastoma. Although retinoblastoma constitutes the major life-threatening cause of leukocoria in children, a number of other simulating conditions (pseudoglioma) can cause diagnostic confusion. In some cases of leukocoria it is exceedingly difficult to exclude the possibility of retinoblastoma without having to resort to enucleation. The availability of new non-invasive tests may make the distinction between retinoblastoma and pseudogliomas more easily attainable. Computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be of particular value in this regard by demonstrating intraocular calcification within retinoblastoma and rarely in lesions that stimulate it. CT may also be used to more appropriately plan therapy for children with retinoblastoma by assessing the status of the optic nerve and orbit. The exact role of CT in the evaluation of children with leukocoria, however, has not been completely established, since the computed tomographic features of several lesions that simulate retinoblastoma have not been described. The three most common causes of pseudoglioma are persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, Coats's disease and sclerosing endophthalmitis. The latter entity when associated with a characteristic granulomatous inflammation is considered to represent the sequela of Toxocara canis infection of the eye. This report describes the computed tomographic findings in three cases of histologically diagnosed sclerosing endophthalmitis, presumably due to Toxocara canis.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Sclerosing endophthalmitis in children: computed tomography with histopathologic correlation. 660 22


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