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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) of the eyeball and orbit revealed the cause of eye movement disorder in convergent strabismus fixus. The findings suggest that the disease can be diagnosed and treated at an early stage. Twelve cases of progressive esotropia with high myopia and 20 cases with normal visual acuity served as subjects in this study. The CT slice was parallel to the German horizontal plane, and the lens and medial and lateral rectus muscles were scanned. The average axial length of the affected eyes was significantly longer than in normal eyes. In progressive esotropia, the characteristic CT findings are an elongated eyeball, mechanical contact between the eyeball and lateral wall of the orbit, and a downward displacement of the lateral rectus muscle. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that eye movement disorder in convergent strabismus fixus results from weakness of the lateral rectus muscle which has been displaced downward due to compression of the eyeball against the orbital wall.
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PMID:[Computed tomography findings in convergent strabismus fixus]. 767 1

Duane retraction syndrome is a well-described congenital eye movement disorder whose management is still controversial. Various surgical strategies have been advocated, usually limited to the involved (restricted) eye to eliminate a face turn or a manifest deviation in the primary position. However, surgery on the normal eye has the potential to expand the field of single binocular vision as well as restore primary position alignment. In patients with mild-to-moderate duction deficiencies in the restricted eye, we have used very large recessions or posterior fixation sutures on the normal eye to create matching duction limitations, which in some cases produce a wider range of fusion postoperatively.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Surgery on the normal eye in Duane retraction syndrome. 775 38

Strabismus surso-adductorius is a frequent unilateral or bilateral eye movement disorder. Its clinical features include eye elevation with concomitant vertical deviation in adduction, an abnormal head posture from which the patient is unaware (head turned and tilted towards the healthy side), a moderate subjective excyclotorsion, and a positive Bielschowsky head tilt test. Despite its anglo-saxon denomination as "congenital fourth nerve palsy", it is not a paretic disorder. Strabismus surso-adductorius differs from fourth nerve palsy both by etiology and by symptoms. A proper diagnosis is important as neuroradiological examination is mandatory in cases of acquired non-traumatic fourth nerve palsy, whereas decompensated strabismus surso-adductorius can be operated on without any further investigations. Early on, the oculomotor disorder is often well compensated and it does manifest at the adult age. Asthenopia and intermittent vertical diplopia appear as the fusional mechanisms fade out. The best surgical technique for strabismus surso-adductorius is an inferior oblique weakening procedure. In severe cases a combined shortening of the superior oblique tendon may be necessary.
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PMID:[Decompensated strabismus surso-adductorius]. 1516 66

Duane Retraction Syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by a failure of cranial nerve VI to develop normally, resulting in restriction or absence of abduction, restricted adduction and narrowing of the palpebral fissure and retraction of the globe on attempted adduction. Patients with Duane Retraction Syndrome appear to have a significant increase in the number of associated congenital malformations. In the present paper, the authors report a case of Duane Retraction Syndrome with a unique hand abnormality not reported previously.
Binocul Vis Strabismus Q 2010
PMID:Case report: Duane Retraction Syndrome associated with hand anomaly. 2092 9

Ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) is a rare eye movement disorder, presenting as a paroxysmal involuntary spasm of one or more extra-ocular muscles, that can persist for a few seconds up to several minutes. The phenomenon is caused by the contraction of an extra-ocular muscle, excited by a damaged nerve, which leads to delayed muscle relaxation. We present eight patients with this rare condition together with an overview of the literature on all published ONM cases. One of the presented cases is possibly secondary to hypovitaminosis D. This association has not been reported previously in the literature. A possible underlying mechanism is given.
Strabismus 2018 09
PMID:Ocular Neuromyotonia: Case Reports and Literature Review. 2969 97

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is common in Graves' disease. However, to date, no standard treatment has been established for TAO. The present study aimed to assess peribulbar injection of corticosteroids for TAO treatment as well as factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness. A retrospective cohort study was performed at West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). Patients with TAO were administered peribulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone monthly. Ocular signs after each injection were assessed until the end of treatment. All patients were followed up for at least six months. Best corrected visual acuity, proptosis values, eye motility assessed by the Hess chart, as well as eyelid width and downward movement were determined. In addition, clinical data were retrospectively reviewed to explore factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness by logistic regression analysis. In the present study, 386 patients with TAO (515 eyes) were evaluated; 71.37% of cases of eyelid swelling were relieved and upper eyelid retraction was improved in 47.58% of affected patients. Eye movement disorders, diplopia and strabismus were all alleviated to varying degrees, with few adverse reactions. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that therapeutic effectiveness was relatively lower in males [odds ratio (OR)=0.32, P=0.001] and patients with thyroid dysfunction (OR=0.41, P=0.002), and that non-smokers had a higher odds of substantial improvement (OR=4.62, P=0.008). The duration of TAO was not significantly associated with the clinical outcome. Patients with reduced disease severity and elevated clinical activity score exhibited higher effectiveness (all P<0.05). In conclusion, peribulbar injection of corticosteroids is effective in treating mild to moderate TAO, with the therapeutic response affected by gender, smoking and disease severity.
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PMID:Peribulbar injection of glucocorticoids for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness: A retrospective cohort study of 386 cases. 3278 13