Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ocular neuromyotonia is characterized by tonic spasms of extraocular muscles evoked by eccentric gaze that induces transient strabismus and diplopia. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman who initially presented with unilateral deficits in fifth and sixth cranial nerve functions attributed to a fifth cranial nerve schwannoma. After radiation treatment, she developed neuromyotonia and synkinesis of the ipsilateral third cranial nerve. During the attacks of neuromyotonia, the left eyelids were often spastically closed, a phenomenon not previously reported. The ocular neuromyotonia regressed spontaneously within 3 years, but components of the synkinesis persisted. Ephaptic transmission in a damaged third cranial nerve may be responsible for the neuromyotonia and synkinesis. Synkinesis is a more enduring manifestation.
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PMID:Ocular neuromyotonia with spastic lid closure. 1720 13

Schwannoma is a usually benign primary tumor. It develops from the Schwann cells, which produce the myelin sheath that surrounds the peripheral nerves. It represents less than 10 % of the intracranial tumors, and it is infrequent in the pediatric age. We hereby present a 6-year-and-11-month-old previously healthy patient, with a history of intermittent generalized cephalea associated with proptosis and a diminished visual acuity of the left eye, epiphora and strabismus, with radiological evidence of retro-ocular mass. A macroscopically complete exeresis was performed, with an anatomopathological diagnosis of orbital schwannoma.
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PMID:[Orbital schwannoma in a child with acute proptosis]. 3267 97

Current literature reports synergistic divergence as a rare, congenital ocular motility pattern associated with adduction palsy. Its mechanism has been likened to Duane's syndrome, and some suggest it be referred to as Duane's Type 4 (Gupta et al. 2010; Schliesser et al. 2016; Wilcox et al. 1981; Khan et al. 2016). There are no published reports of synergistic divergence as an acquired condition, making this case report seemingly the first of its kind. This case report describes an 18-year-old female who presented to clinic in 2013 with symptoms of diplopia and left eye turning outwards. Orthoptic assessment and MRI confirmed a third nerve palsy secondary to cavernous sinus schwannoma. Further monitoring showed progression of the cranial nerve palsy but a stable schwannoma and no aberrant regeneration noted in five years of follow up. The patient was treated with multiple botulinum toxin injections and had squint correction surgery in 2017. Seven months later, synergistic divergence was first noted and remained stable in all following assessments. While the aetiology of acquired synergistic divergence in this case is unclear, we can be confident it is unlikely to be of congenital origin as it was not noted until adulthood and after five years of investigations. This report will discuss possible aetiologies of acquired synergistic divergence and, contrary to current literature, suggest clinicians should consider the possibility that synergistic divergence can be acquired, though is likely to be even rarer than its congenital form.
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PMID:Acquired Synergistic Divergence: Contrary to Current Literature. 3299 90