Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the differences in oxygen saturation and airway-related complications after tracheal extubation in pediatric patients undergoing elective strabismus surgery or adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy who were awake versus anesthetized. Seventy otherwise healthy patients between 2 and 8 yr of age were studied. Anesthesia was induced with halothane or thiamylal and maintained with nitrous oxide and halothane. After induction of anesthesia, the patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (awake extubation) or group 2 (anesthetized extubation). Oxygen saturation was measured continuously and recorded 10 min before extubation and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after tracheal extubation. Supplemental oxygen was administered when oxygen saturation values were less than 90% while breathing room air. Oxygen saturation levels were higher in group 2 than in group 1 at 1, 2, 3, and 5 min after extubation. There were no differences between the two groups in the number of patients requiring supplemental oxygen. The incidence of airway-related complications such as laryngospasm, croup, sore throat, excessive coughing, and arrhythmias was not different between the two groups. We conclude that the anesthesiologist's preference or surgical requirements may dictate the choice of extubation technique in otherwise healthy children undergoing elective surgery.
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PMID:Emergence airway complications in children: a comparison of tracheal extubation in awake and deeply anesthetized patients. 186 18

In ophthalmic surgery, children are anesthetized for various reasons. The airway needs special attention as children have higher oxygen requirements and brief periods of apnea can result in hypoxemia and subsequent bradycardia or even cardiac arrest. Most interventions can be managed with the aid of a laryngeal mask allowing minor airway manipulations and thereby reducing the risk of laryngeal and tracheal injuries and laryngospasm in children with hypersensitive airways. In children older than 3 years an adequate postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis should be performed. The modified postoperative vomiting in children (POVOC) score is a suitable method for the estimation of PONV. Strabismus surgery is an independent risk factor for PONV; therefore, prophylaxis is recommended in any case. The combination of drugs from different substance groups amplifies the antiemetic effect. This article discusses whether anesthesia can damage immature brains. In animal experiments it could be proven that neuronal apoptosis could be induced by most of the commonly used anesthetics. It has not yet been clarified whether this has an effect on the neurocognitive development of children. Because of this uncertainty the indications for surgery and anesthesia should be assessed on strict clinical requirements. There is, however, widespread agreement that a necessary anesthesia carried out in a correct and controlled manner has no negative consequences for children.
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PMID:[Special aspects of pediatric anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery]. 2561 49