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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four hundred thirteen children ranging in age from 2 months to 12 years were treated for strabismus by botulinum injection of extraocular muscles. An average of 1.7 injections per patient was given. Follow-up at an average of 26 months after the last injection (minimum, 6 months) was available on 362 children (88%). The frequency of correction of 10 prism diopters (PD) or less in various groups of strabismus cases was: all 362 cases, 61%; all esotropia, 66%; infantile esotropia, 65%; and exotropia, 45%. Smaller deviations (10-20 PD) were more frequently corrected (73%) than were larger deviations (20-110 PD, 54%). The frequency of correction to 10 PD or less of previously operated cases was not different from that of unoperated cases. There was no globe perforation, amblyopia, or visual loss produced by the injection treatment in this series.
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PMID:Botulinum treatment of childhood strabismus. 225 16

Monocular eye closure in sunlight is often noted in patients with intermittent exotropia. Neither the reason for eye closure nor its frequency of occurrence in other populations is known. We questioned 147 consecutive nonoperated patients (and/or their parents) ages 1-45 years, 93 with strabismus with onset prior to 7 years of age and 54 without strabismus, for a history of closing one eye in sunlight. Monocular eye closure in sunlight was reported most frequently by patients with intermittent exotropia but was also reported by those with other forms of strabismus as well as by nonstrabismic normals. Cooperative subjects were studied further to determine the cause for eye closure. Each subject was exposed to a source of intense illumination while fixating a target. All who closed one eye under these conditions reported photalgia associated with the high light intensity, most noting less discomfort after closing one eye. None reported diplopia prior to eye closure. Monocular and binocular photophobia thresholds were then measured for each subject. The mean monocular photophobia threshold was significantly higher than the binocular threshold. In addition, binocular photophobia thresholds were significantly lower in those reporting eye closure compared with those who did not. Monocular eye closure in sunlight is a mechanism used to reduce photophobia and is not related to avoidance of diplopia.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Monocular eye closure in sunlight. 232 13

The frequency and polarity of secondary strabismus was related retrospectively to the onset of deprivation in 131 children with mono- and bilateral aphakia after congenital cataract or perforating injury. The frequency was highest in patients up to 2 years of age at the onset of deprivation. From the 3rd year on, it declined to 50% or less. Esotropia was predominant in the first 2 years of life. At the end of the first decade of life exotropia was up to 80%.
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PMID:[The association of strabismus and aphakia in children]. 235 76

A retrospective study of the surgical treatment of patients with excess esotropia at near was conducted. Thirty-one patients conformed to the following criteria: equal vision in each eye, esotropia at near exceeding distant deviation by 15 or more prism diopters, and no prior surgery. Hyperopes greater than or equal to +1.50 spherical equivalent were measured in their full spectacle correction. All patients had an otherwise normal ocular examination and no overt neurological disease. At distance fixation, approximately half of the population had an esotropia greater than 10 delta and the remainder were orthophoric. All demonstrated a near deviation measuring at least 25 delta. Patient age at time of surgery ranged from 18 months to 36 years. All but two patients underwent bilateral medial rectus recessions of 4.5 mm to 7 mm, based on the near deviation. The remaining two patients underwent right medial rectus recessions of 6 mm each. Minimum postoperative follow-up was 4 months. The majority of patients were able to achieve satisfactory alignment. Many could maintain this alignment without spectacles. Two patients developed consecutive exotropia. One of these patients required bilateral lateral rectus recessions to achieve alignment.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Surgical correction of excess esotropia at near. 236 23

Divergence excess strabismus is a fairly common anomaly of binocular vision, characterized by constant or intermittent exotropia at distance, absence of significant amblyopia, and normal stereopsis at near. Optometric vision therapy is often effective in treating this condition. In contrast to the emphasis orthoptists (under ophthalmologic supervision) place upon pathological diplopia awareness, optometric vision therapy emphasizes development of sensory fusion and proprioceptive cues to eye alignment. A case is presented in which pathological diplopia awareness and surgery were needed to produce a functional cure after the patient failed to achieve consistent eye alignment using the regimen commonly advocated by optometrists.
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PMID:The importance of multiple treatment modalities in a case of divergence excess. 237 Apr 11

Many strabismus surgeons recommend an initial surgical overcorrection for intermittent exotropia. Others caution against overcorrection because of possible nasal suppression and amblyopia in children, or because of possible diplopia in adults. We reviewed the records of 69 patients who were initially overcorrected following surgery for an intermittent exotropia. The mean postoperative follow-up was 3.1 years. Eight patients (11.6%) had a persistent overcorrection of 3 prism diopters or more and three patients (4.3%) had persistent diplopia. Patients with a persistent overcorrection had a greater mean age (P less than .02) and a greater mean initial overcorrection (P less than .005) compared with the patients who were not overcorrected 3 delta or more. No child lost stereoacuity or developed amblyopia due to the overcorrection.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:The surgical overcorrection of intermittent exotropia. 239 24

The distance to the limbus and breadth of the insertions of the horizontal recti were measured in 857 strabismic patients during operation. The average distance and breadth of MR were 4.99 mm and 10.02 mm, and those of the LR were 6.48 mm and 9.47 mm respectively. The insertion of MR in esotropia (4.87 mm) was nearer to the limbus than that in exotropia (5.39 mm) (P less than 0.01). The insertion of LR in esotropia (6.66 mm) was further from the limbus than that in exotropia (6.43 mm) (P less than 0.01). The relationships between the horizontal recti insertion and the degree of deviation and the refraction of the deviating eye were discussed. It was inferred that the position of the insertion could play a role in the etiology of strabismus.
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PMID:[A topographical survey of the insertions of horizontal recti in strabismus]. 239 72

To correct compensatory head turn in twelve cases with congenital nystagmus, they were classified into two types according to the relative visual lines of both eyes to each other with respect to the sagittal axis of the head or the median plane of the body. One was termed the symmetrical pattern and the other was termed the asymmetrical pattern. In cases of the symmetrical pattern, a neutral zone exists in which the dominant eye in in the adducted position of gaze with esotropia and in the abducted position of gaze with exotropia. However, in the case of the asymmetrical pattern the neutral zone of the dominant eye is located in the abducted position of gaze with esotropia and in the abducted position of gaze with exotropia. Surgery was performed by shifting the dominant eye to the direction of the sagittal axis of the head in accordance with the degree of ocular deviation in the primary position. In asymmetrical pattern cares, both eyes were surgically shifted in parallel to the direction of the sagittal axis of the head without regard to the types of strabismus. The operation was based on the degree of compensatory head turn. We compared the surgical results the two types. In symmetrical cases, decreasing strabismus was disappointing compared to the head turn, while in asymmetrical cases decreasing head turn was disappointing as compared to strabismus. From these results surgery should be confined to the dominant eye in symmetrical cases, taking as the basis for operation the degree of head turn and not the ocular deviation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of torticollis in cases of congenital nystagmus with strabismus]. 261 Jan 64

A 36 years-old man was admitted in September 1987. For 5 years he suffered from 4 recurrent episodes of throbbing headache, tinnitus, nausea, diplopia and divergent strabismus to which a facial palsy was recently added. In all episodes, the symptoms disappeared spontaneously and completely. A neuro-ophthalmological examination at admission disclosed an exotropia of the right eye, gaze paralysis to the left, paralysis of adduction of the left eye and preserved right eye abduction which triggered a rhythmic horizontal nystagmus. The upward and downward gazes and the convergence were well preserved. Moreover, there was a left peripheral facial palsy, and Babinski sign at the right side. Auditory evoked potentials were slowed at the mesencephalopontine transition. CT scan showed a low-density area with no contrast enhancement at the left pontine tegmentum and a left anterolateral atrophy of the pons. CSF examination showed increase in protein content and increase in the IgG content. Additional investigation included a dopplerometry of the cervical arteries, a panangiography and a bidimensional echocardiography which were normal. Diagnosis of one-and-a-half syndrome was made, possibly secondary to multiple sclerosis, and immunossuppressive therapy was initiated.
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PMID:[One-and-a-half syndrome: anatomo-clinical considerations apropos of a case]. 261 17

We describe the binocular status of four patients, aged 5, 6, 10, and 13 years, who had a unilateral congenital cataract removed in the first few months of life. A contact lens had been fitted in all cases and was worn continuously. The normal eye was occluded for approximately 90% of the waking day until at least the age of 4 years. Two patients developed an esotropia and two an exotropia. Best-corrected visual acuity is 20/40 or better in both the aphakic and the normal eye. The patients' binocular status was assessed with a full eye examination, tests for fusion in free space with prism neutralization, tests for stereopsis, and examination on the Clement Clarke synoptophore. All patients showed simultaneous perception but no real fusion, resulting in diplopia. A vertical bobbing effect was noted at the angle of neutralization similar to that reported by us in cases of central fusion disruption.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Unilateral congenital cataract: binocular status after treatment. 270 79


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