Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rapidly enlarging periocular mass in a child obligates the treating physician to rule out a malignancy, especially a rhabdomyosarcoma. A 3-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of a rapidly growing episcleral mass superonasal to the globe, adjacent to the superior rectus muscle insertion. The lesion was locally excised. A sarcoma could not be excluded on frozen sections. Permanent sections and electron microscopy revealed nodular fasciitis, a benign lesion with a pseudosarcomatous histologic appearance. No recurrence has been noted at 9 months follow-up. Nodular fasciitis is a benign proliferation which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging subconjunctival or orbital mass in a child.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Nodular fasciitis presenting as a rapidly enlarging episcleral mass in a 3-year-old. 236 27

Eight patients with intracranial malignancies or vascular lesions and sixth nerve palsies were treated with botulinum toxin chemodenervation of the antagonist medial rectus muscle. Primary deviation ranged from 20 to 75 prism diopters (pd) of esotropia. Six were treated acutely (within 3 months of onset) and two, which demonstrated partial recovery of lateral rectus function but with residual esotropia and diplopia, were treated after 6 months. After a mean follow-up of 20.6 months, seven were diplopia-free with excellent rotations. Five had complete resolution of the esotropia and diplopia, with near complete recovery of abduction. One had 6 pd residual esotropia, while another, whose sixth nerve had been resected, required a modified Jensen procedure, resulting in full rotations. The single case of bilateral sixth nerve palsy had a functional improvement but was lost to follow-up. One patient had a vertical strabismus induced with the injection and had a gradual return of the esotropia.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Long-term results: botulinum for sixth nerve palsy. 272 69

A review of 35 consecutive cases of tumors metastatic to the orbit revealed that the primary tumor site was breast in 18 cases (51%), prostate in 6 cases (17%), lung in 2 cases (6%), gastrointestinal tract in 2 cases (6%), kidney in 1 case (3%), cutaneous melanoma in 1 case (3%), contralateral choroidal melanoma in 1 case (3%), and unknown in 4 cases (11%). The most common presenting signs and symptoms included diplopia with noncomitant strabismus, proptosis, and a palpable mass. In nine cases (26%), the orbital metastasis was detected in patients with no prior history of cancer. The average patient survival after the diagnosis of orbital metastasis was 13 months. Orbital metastasis from lung carcinoma carried the worst prognosis, with an average survival time of only 4 months. A summary of the clinical features of these 35 cases and a review of the literature on orbital metastatic disease will be presented.
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PMID:Tumors metastatic to the orbit. 315 25

The histopathology of 282 consecutive clinically diagnosed epibulbar tumors excised from children age 15 years and younger was reviewed at a major ophthalmic hospital over a 20-year period. The most common epibulbar tumors of childhood are nevi, choristomas, epithelial inclusion cysts, and papillomas. There was only one malignant tumor among the 282 orbital tumors of childhood.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Epibulbar tumors in children: a survey of 282 biopsies. 368 13

Large congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are cutaneous malformations of neural crest origin that have a notorious reputation because of their reported propensity to undergo malignant degeneration. Traditionally, complete surgical excision has been advocated based on the premise that large CMN are a precursor to melanoma. Two cases of large periocular CMN are reported to emphasize the importance of distinguishing them from other congenital skin lesions. Data from the literature support the contention that these pigmented skin lesions spawn malignancies and that prophylactic therapy may be indicated.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Periocular congenital melanocytic nevi. 377 89

Retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, presents in many patterns, typically as the easily recognizable signs of leukokoria, glaucoma, strabismus, or vision loss. A small percentage manifest as other more common diagnoses. These more unusual signs can involve any portion of the eye segment, including the orbit and lids, the anterior segment, and the posterior segment, as well as produce systemic illness. This paper deals with the first reported case of retinoblastoma presenting as a spontaneous total hyphema. Accurate diagnosis of similar situations can only be made by means of a high index of suspicion of malignancy and the use of diagnostic tests such as ultrasound and computed axial tomographic scanning.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma presenting as a total hyphema. 405 86

We correlated the pathologic diagnosis with the preoperative clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma in children treated by enucleation within the United States and Canada between the years 1974 and 1980. In order to avoid inappropriate selectivity and institutional bias, we studied only those cases submitted directly to the Registry of Ophthalmic Pathology in which the enucleated eyes had not been examined initially at the local hospital. Of the 56 eyes removed because of suspected retinoblastoma, 15 (26.8%) did not contain a malignant tumor. In two cases enucleation was delayed because retinoblastoma was not considered initially in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous hyphema. During the same period, two of 268 eyes that were enucleated for reasons other than suspected retinoblastoma were found to contain a retinoblastoma. The diagnostic error rate in our study reflects the persistent difficulty in diagnosing retinoblastoma in eyes with opaque media and retinal detachment.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Retinoblastoma: the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in children treated by enucleation. 664 84

A child developed eyelid swelling that was diagnosed in succession as an abscess, eosinophilic granuloma, malignancy, and inflammatory pseudotumor. Treatment modalities included antibiotics, radiation and corticosteroids. Repeated histologic examination finally provided the diagnosis of orbital mycosis, most consistent with aspergillosis. Despite six weeks of therapy with Amphotericin B, an exenteration was required. Amphotericin B was continued for another six weeks, and there has been no evidence of recurrent disease after two years of follow-up. The problems encountered in the diagnosis and management of this unusual infectious disease of the orbit in children are discussed in detail.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Orbital aspergillosis: report of a case in a child. 726 52

Among the 185 retinoblastoma patients seen at the Lausanne Retinoblastoma Clinic from 1963-1993, 24 (14%) first presented with another sign than classical leukocoria (60.5%) or strabismus (21.5%). Most of these atypical signs were related to inflammatory complications of unrecognized retinoblastoma; they consisted of low vision (1.5%), hypopyon (2%), ocular redness and pain (1.5%), ocular redness and buphtalmia (1.5%), as well as photophobia and headaches (1.5%). The presence of unexplained chronic ocular signs during childhood should always raise the possibility of an underlying retinal malignancy.
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PMID:[Unusual presentation of retinoblastoma]. 805 60

Of 440 consecutive children with retinoblastoma whom we treated between April 1972 and April 1992, 13 (3%) developed a midline intracranial neoplasm. Four of these 13 patients had bilateral familial retinoblastoma, 7 had bilateral sporadic retinoblastoma, and 1 patient had unilateral familial retinoblastoma. The twin brother of the latter patient developed pinealoblastoma without retinoblastoma. In this series, the incidence of trilateral retinoblastoma was 8% of all bilateral familial retinoblastoma and 5% of all bilateral sporadic retinoblastoma. The retinoblastoma was diagnosed at a mean age of 4.5 months and the midline intracranial tumor was diagnosed at a mean age of 23 months. The mean time interval between the diagnosis of retinoblastoma and the intracranial tumor was 22 months (range, 0 to 48 months). Seven patients (55%) were asymptomatic and their intracranial neoplasm was found on routine brain-imaging studies. The primary intracranial neoplasm had a pineal location in 10 cases and parasellar location in three cases. Despite aggressive combined treatment, 12 patients (92%) have died at a mean interval of 11 months after the diagnosis of intracranial malignancy. The mean survival of patients with midline intracranial neoplasm who were asymptomatic was significantly longer than that of symptomatic patients (P = .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Clinical variations of trilateral retinoblastoma: a report of 13 cases. 819 59


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