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Query: UMLS:C0038379 (strabismus)
 9,317 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred eighty-seven premature babies, 48 of whom suffered from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), were examined. A higher incidence of strabismus was found in the group with cicatricial ROP (23% vs. 9%). Amblyopia was present in 6% of the ROP group and in only 1.4% of babies without ROP. Myopia was found in 50% of the ROP group as compared with 15% in the nonROP group. Astigmatism and anisometropia were more common in the ROP group, but hypermetropia was equally represented in both groups.
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PMID:Visual acuity, strabismus, and amblyopia in premature babies with and without retinopathy of prematurity. 317 79

A brother and sister, born to consanguineous parents, had pigmentary retinopathy in a pericentral distribution. The retinopathy was noted in infancy when the siblings were examined for strabismus. The optic disks, maculae, and retinal vessels were normal. There was mild reduction in amplitude of both scotopic and photopic electroretinographic responses. Both patients had moderate hyperopic astigmatism and esotropia. The fundus and visual acuity remained unchanged over periods of nine and 13 years in the brother and sister, respectively. Results of ocular examinations on the father, mother, and an older sister were normal. These findings support an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in this family with pericentral pigmentary retinopathy.
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PMID:Autosomal recessive pericentral pigmentary retinopathy. 259 43

We report a meta-analysis of studies of the relation of vision anomalies to reading skill. Meta-analysis is a quantitative technique for combining the results of multiple studies that reduces the subjectivity of literature reviews. The results of the analysis of 34 studies of vision anomalies and reading skill that met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis showed that hyperopia, exophoria at near, vertical phoria, anisometropia, and aniseikonia are associated with below average reading performance. Myopia and esophoria and esophoria at far are associated with average and above average reading performance. Reduced visual acuity, astigmatism, esophoria at near, fusional convergence and divergence, strabismus, nearpoint of convergence, and stereopsis were not found to be associated with reading performance.
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PMID:Vision anomalies and reading skill: a meta-analysis of the literature. 325 37

Forty-six patients with Prader-Willi syndrome were examined to determine the incidence and character of ocular abnormalities. All patients met clinical criteria for this syndrome including infantile hypotonia, hypogonadism, truncal obesity, intellectual impairment, dysmorphic facies, and short stature. Thirty-two patients had best corrected visual acuities between 6/6 and 6/9 in each eye. Seven patients (15%) had myopia greater than -3.75 diopters. Nineteen (41%) patients had astigmatism of 1.25 diopters or greater. Amblyopia of strabismic, anisometropic, or ametropic etiology was present in 11 (24%) of the patients. Strabismus was present in 25 (54%) patients: 22 (48%) patients had esotropia and three (7%) had exotropia. Nine patients either received or required strabismus surgery. Thirty-three percent of the patients examined for iris transillumination defects had this finding. This study represents the first large series of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome to undergo detailed ophthalmologic evaluation. Recognition of this syndrome is important because of the high incidence of potentially treatable ocular problems.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Ophthalmologic features of Prader-Willi syndrome. 339 59

A series of 22 highly astigmatic eyes in 14 patients underwent surgery, either in the form of recessing the inferior oblique, tenotomizing the superior oblique, or tightening the superior oblique. The refractive errors obtained in a masked manner six months postoperative were compared to those preoperative. Weakening the inferior oblique or tightening the superior oblique produced a long-term incyclorotation (clockwise for right eyes and counterclockwise for left eyes) of the axis of astigmatism of approximately 10 degrees. Tenotomizing the superior oblique produced a long-term excyclorotation (counterclockwise for right eyes and clockwise for left eyes) of the axis of astigmatism of about 10 degrees.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:The effect of oblique muscle surgery on the axis of astigmatism. 345 69

Epikeratophakia provides a permanent optical correction for aphakia in children with congenital or traumatic cataracts; suturing the epikeratophakia graft onto the cornea eliminates the problems of contact lens or spectacle non-compliance in these young and generally uncooperative patients and provides tectonic support to scarred and irregular corneas. Eighteen children under the age of six years underwent epikeratophakia for the correction of aphakia after the removal of trauma-induced cataracts. Graft success rate was 88%; the average change in keratometry in the patients with successful grafts was 14.82 +/- 2.0 diopters. In the 13 patients eligible for visual acuity tabulation, preoperative acuities ranged from light perception to 20/200, and postoperative acuities ranged from hand motions to 20/30. Ten (77%) had acuities of 20/80 or better. Poor results in three patients with less than 20/200 acuities were likely the results of non-compliance with amblyopia therapy. Present work indicates that in cases of traumatic cataract, the epikeratophakia procedure facilitates amblyopia therapy and decreases the astigmatism in scarred and irregular corneas.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
PMID:Epikeratophakia in children with traumatic cataracts. 352 43

Fifty children shunted for hydrocephalus aged 5-17 years underwent a later ophthalmological examination. Corrected vision of 0.9 or less was found in 45 out of 93 eyes; in 21 patients this was the vision of both eyes. Corrected vision 0.3 or less was found in 7 eyes; in 3 patients this was the vision of both eyes. Hyperopia greater than or equal to +2.0 D was found in 20%, myopia greater than or equal to -0.5 D in 13% and astigmatism greater than or equal to 1.0 D in 25.5% of 98 eyes. Clear nystagmus was present in 18% of patients. Heterophoria was found in 20% and manifest horizontal strabismus in 33%, but no paretic squint. The optic disc was considered normal in 36 out of 100 eyes on ophthalmoscopy and in 35 out of 78 eyes on colour photography. Retinal nerve fibre layer photographs showed normal nerve fibres in 49 out of 71 eyes. The Friedmann field was in the normal range in 33 out of 53 eyes, and the Goldmann field was normal in 37 out of 44 eyes. Right homonymous hemianopia was discovered in 2 patients. The Harrington-Flocks field was normal in 17 out of 24 eyes, and 1 patient had left homonymous hemianopia. The HRR test showed a red-green disturbance in 22 out of 71 eyes. The Farnsworth panel D-15 desaturated test was entirely normal in only 4 out of 65 eyes, but the errors were only slight in 48 cases.
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PMID:Ophthalmic changes in hydrocephalus. A follow-up examination of 50 patients treated with shunts. 357 10

A selection of amblyopic (n = 14) and nonamblyopic (n = 18) children with different ametropias, anisometropias, and astigmatisms was photorefracted without cycloplegia by two-flash photorefraction (T-FP) in which refractions in both horizontal and vertical meridians of both eyes are measured simultaneously. The results were compared to conventional cycloplegic retinoscopy in a blind study. Significant amblyogenic conditions, such as hyperopic anisometropias of more than 1.0 diopter (D), high ametropias, or astigmatism and strabismus cases of 2 degrees to 3 degrees or more are detectable. The technique provides a simple and useful tool for mass screening of infants. The sensitivity of the method for detecting amblyopia seems to be at least as high as in visual checking. Media opacities are recordable, and a permanent document is obtained.
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PMID:Two-flash photorefraction in screening of amblyogenic refractive errors. 365 64

Normative data for accommodative lag, facility, and amplitude of children have been presented in the literature for each of the parameters separately. This paper delineates the relation among accommodative amplitude, lag, and flexibility for grade school children. Approximately 200 children were screened. Those who wore corrective lenses, had uncorrected acuity worse than 6/9 (20/30) in either eye, had strabismus, had a refractive error outside the range from 0.00 to +0.75 D; or astigmatism greater than 0.50 D were excluded from the study. Of the 123 who remained, 53% had a deficit in accommodative facility, 26% had a deficit in lag, and 25% had a deficit in amplitude from that which would be expected from their age. Sixteen percent had deficits in both facility and lag. Eighteen percent had deficits in both amplitude and lag. Twenty-four percent had deficits in both facility and amplitude. Only 4% had deficits in all three of the accommodative functions considered--amplitude, lag, and facility. Clinically, these results indicate that when a patient's accommodative dysfunction is examined all facets of accommodation--lag, facility, and amplitude--need to be evaluated.
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PMID:Relation among accommodative facility, lag, and amplitude in elementary school children. 366 69

We measured vision function in a number of 7-month-old infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and compared these findings to those for 7-month-old infants of normal birth weight. The IUGR infants had an average visual acuity of 6/162 (20/540) and an average spherical refractive error of 1.49 D hyperopia. The normal birth weight infants had an average visual acuity of 6/118.8 (20/396) and an average spherical refractive error of 0.94 D hyperopia. However, the differences between the infant groups for visual acuity and refractive error were not statistically significant. Anisometropia, astigmatism, and strabismus were infrequent for both infant groups. The results of this study suggest that IUGR infants have visual abilities resembling those of normal birth weight infants.
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PMID:Clinical comparison of the visual parameters in infants with intrauterine growth retardation vs. infants with normal birth weight. 377 18


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