Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The abilities of Escherichia coli-derived human interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and E. coli-derived human interferon-alpha A (IFN-alpha A) or -alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2) to augment natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity were compared. When low concentrations (less than 10 antiviral units/ml) of interferons were used, and equal numbers of antiviral units of E. coli-derived IFN-gamma and E. coli-derived IFN-alpha A or IFN-alpha 2 were compared for their ability to augment NK, E. coli-derived IFN-gamma was found to be more active in augmenting NK against the K562 targets, than E. coli-derived IFN-alpha A or IFN-alpha 2. Antiviral units in these experiments were determined by the standard cytopathic effect assay using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-challenged human fibroblasts, trisomic for chromosome 21. However, when these interferons were compared on a weight basis (ng/ml) or on a molar basis, their ability to augment NK against the K562 targets was comparable. These differences in the relative abilities of these interferons (when their concentrations were expressed in antiviral units/ml) to augment NK, were due to an approximately 100-fold difference in their specific activities (antiviral units per mg of interferon). These were 1.8 X 10(6) units/mg for E. coli-derived IFN-gamma, 2.0 X 10(8) units/mg for E. coli-derived IFN-alpha A, and 1.8 X 10(8) units/mg for E. coli-derived IFN-alpha 2. At concentrations higher than 10 units/ml, all these interferons showed a similar ability to augment NK. Studies on the kinetics of the augmentation revealed that in vitro treatment with E. coli-derived IFN-gamma for several hours was necessary for augmentation of NK against targets from haemopoietic human tumour cell lines (K562, Daudi). In contrast, alpha interferons were able to augment NK after treatment in vitro for significantly shorter periods (30 min or less with certain donors). Augmentation of NK cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes by E. coli-derived IFN-gamma was not accompanied by the induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, suggesting that IL-2 is not involved in the augmentation of NK by IFN-gamma. A monoclonal antibody specific for human IFN-gamma blocked augmentation of NK by E. coli-derived IFN-gamma and natural IFN-gamma, but not by E. coli-derived IFN-alpha A or staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Regulation of natural killer cytotoxicity by Escherichia coli-derived human interferon gamma. 308 22

Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed against human lymphoblastoid interferon (IFN), Escherichia coli-derived human IFN-alpha 2, or two synthetic fragments of human IFN-alpha 1 all neutralized the antiviral activity of human alpha IFNs when added to the culture medium of MDBK cells together with IFNs. However, when these antibodies were microinjected into the cytoplasm or the nucleus of cells, subsequent treatment of the cells with IFNs induced full protection against vesicular stomatitis virus. This suggests that IFNs themselves need not act in the cytoplasmic compartment or the nucleus to induce an antiviral state.
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PMID:Microinjection of anti-interferon antibodies into cells does not inhibit the induction of an antiviral state by interferon. 609 Jul 5

Five human interferon-alpha (leukocyte) subtypes derived from genes cloned in Escherichia coli have been compared for their ability to induce antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus infection of various mammalian cell cultures. These interferons, designated LeIF-A (IFN-alpha 2), -B, -C, -D (IFN-alpha 1) and LeIF-F, show different relative activities when assayed on human, bovine, hamster, mouse, rabbit and monkey cell lines. As with a natural human buffy-coat interferon-alpha preparation, three subtypes (LeIF-B, -C and -D) showed considerable activity on RK-13 rabbit cells, but two (LeIF-D and -F) also showed some activity on mouse L-929 cells. Of the five interferon subtypes examined, LeIF-F demonstrated the highest degree of species specificity.
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PMID:Comparison of the antiviral activities of various cloned human interferon-alpha subtypes in mammalian cell cultures. 617 50

On the basis of preclinical data suggesting the possibility of maximising the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin by interferon, a pilot clinical trial was initiated in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer. Thirty-four patients were treated with cisplatin at 100 mg m-2, followed by 5-fluorouracil at 1,000 mg m-2 by continuous infusion for 5 days. Interferon alpha 2b was administered at the dose of 3 million U i.m. daily for 7 days, beginning the day before chemotherapy. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks. Two patients achieved a complete remission, six a partial response, 14 had stable disease and 12 progressed on therapy, for an overall response rate of 23% (95% confidence interval 10-36%). Median survival time was 5 months. Toxicity was severe. Stomatitis, diarrhoea and myelosuppression were the most common side-effects. Because of the poor response rate and the presence of severe toxicity, in our opinion further clinical trials in head and neck cancer should be attempted only after a better definition in preclinical studies of interactions among 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and interferon.
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PMID:Cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and interferon alpha 2b for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. 829 40