Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Natural killer (NK)-mediated lysis of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected fibroblasts (HSV-FS) has been previously shown to require the co-operation of CD16-positive NK cells and an HLA-DR-positive accessory cell population. In contrast, lysis of K562 tumour cells requires the presence of only the Leu-11-positive cells. In the current study, targets of different morphologies, both virally infected and non-infected, were tested in an attempt to dissect out which target characteristics determine the need for accessory cell participation for NK-mediated lysis. Effector populations were obtained through antibody plus complement (C) depletions of subpopulations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using anti-HLA-DR+C (accessory cell depleted) or anti-CD16+C (NK depleted). The subpopulations were tested both alone and mixed together for their ability to mediate target lysis. Although NK-mediated lysis of most HSV-infected targets required the presence of HLA-DR-positive accessory cells, there was one set of exceptions. Lysis of the non-adherent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid lines HSV-Raji, HSV-ARH and HSV-CCRF demonstrated only partial accessory cell dependence. All infected adherent cell lines were accessory cell dependent. In contrast, none of the adherent or non-adherent non-infected targets tested required the presence of DR-positive accessory cells for killing. Therefore, the presence of virus was an indicator of accessory cell dependence for NK-mediated kill except in the cases where HSV-infected EBV-transformed targets were used. Assay times of 4 hr versus 14 hr were conducted to determine if the kinetics of kill of various targets correlated with the requirement for accessory cells. A substantial percentage of the total lysis seen at 14 hr occurred within 4 hr for accessory cell independent lysis of the non-infected targets. In contrast, accessory cell-dependent kill of infected targets usually required longer incubation time for substantial lysis to occur, and correlated with interferon (IFN) production. NK-mediated lysis of vesicular stomatitis virus-infected fibroblasts required the presence of both the CD16- and HLA-DR-positive subpopulations, extending the role of DR-positive cells in NK-mediated killing beyond herpes virally infected targets.
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PMID:Natural killer-mediated lysis of some but not all HSV-1- or VSV-infected targets requires the participation of HLA-DR-positive accessory cells. 185 Nov 36

Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) (NSC# 600664; Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ) was studied in a phase I clinical trial in 33 patients with advanced, measureable cancer of the colon or malignant melanoma, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status O-1, and no prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The goal of the study was to identify a dose and schedule of IL-2 to generate maximal immune modulation with tolerable toxicity. Such a regimen might allow the addition of other treatment modalities and/or prolonged treatment duration in later trials. Each patient received IL-2 as a continuous 24-hour infusion once weekly for 4 weeks and then twice weekly for 4 weeks. Five treatment groups received from 10(3) U/m2 to 3 x 10(7) U/m2 per 24-hour infusion. The maximal tolerated dose was 3 x 10(7) U/m2/d twice weekly. Patients treated twice weekly at 1 x 10(7) and 3 x 10(7) U/m2/d had immune modulation in terms of lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, increased natural killer (NK) activity, and elevated numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressing CD16, OKT10/Leu-17, and Leu-19 surface markers. Endogenous generation of peripheral blood lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity was demonstrated by lysis of NK-resistant Daudi targets, in patients treated at 3 x 10(7) U/m2/d. Biochemical and hematological abnormalities were moderate and reversible. Clinical toxicity included hypotension, myalgia, arthralgia, stomatitis, fever, fatigue, nausea, headache, chills, diarrhea, and oliguria at high doses. Cardiovascular toxicity was tolerable for most patients and reversed after IL-2 was stopped. Two of six melanoma patients at 3 x 10(7) U/m2/d achieved partial responses by the end of the eighth week. This IL-2 schedule appears to produce potentially clinically useful immune enhancement with tolerable toxicity.
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PMID:A phase I clinical trial of recombinant interleukin-2 by periodic 24-hour intravenous infusions. 278 32

A protective effect of bovine lactoferrin (Lf) during lethal bacteraemia has been reported in mice. Also, protective effects of orally administered bovine Lf have been reported in cases of intractable stomatitis in cats and Cryptocaryon irritans infection in red sea bream. In this study, we examined the effects of orally administered bovine Lf on the immune system of healthy volunteers. Ten healthy male volunteers (age range of 31 to 55 years old) were given bovine Lf (2 g/body/day) for 4 weeks. Blood samples were drawn before, during and after administration of Lf. Phagocytic activity and superoxide production activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were evaluated from the number of PMN phagocytizing polymer particles and by the dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation assay, respectively. The expression levels of CD11b, CD16 and CD56 molecules on leukocytes were quantified using flow cytometry. The phagocytic activity of PMN increased during the period of Lf administration in 3 of the 10 volunteers. In 2 of the 3 volunteers in which the phagocytic activity increased, PMN expressed CD16 at higher levels corresponding to the increase in 3 of the 10 volunteers, whereas the CD11b+ lymphocytes and CD56+ lymphocytes increased in 4 volunteers including the same 3 volunteers who showed an increase in CD16+. These results suggest that the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells among the lymphocytes might have increased in these subjects. It was demonstrated that the phagocytic activity or superoxide production activity of PMN or the proportions of CD11b+, CD16+ and CD56+ in lymphocytes was influenced by Lf administration in 7 of the 10 volunteers, while the effects of Lf on the immune system differed in individual cases. These results suggest that Lf administration may influence primary activation of the host defense system.
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PMID:Effects of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on the immune system of healthy volunteers. 978 68

Surprisingly little is known about the interaction of human blood mononuclear cells with viruses. Here, we show that monocytes are the predominant cell type infected when peripheral blood mononuclear cells are exposed to viruses ex vivo. Remarkably, infection with vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, and a variety of influenza A viruses (including circulating swine-origin virus) induces monocytes to differentiate within 18 hours into CD16(-)CD83(+) mature dendritic cells with enhanced capacity to activate T cells. Differentiation into dendritic cells does not require cell division and occurs despite the synthesis of viral proteins, which demonstrates that monocytes counteract the capacity of these highly lytic viruses to hijack host cell biosynthetic capacity. Indeed, differentiation requires infectious virus and viral protein synthesis. These findings demonstrate that monocytes are uniquely susceptible to viral infection among blood mononuclear cells, with the likely purpose of generating cells with enhanced capacity to activate innate and acquired antiviral immunity.
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PMID:Viral infection triggers rapid differentiation of human blood monocytes into dendritic cells. 2231 Sep 10

The immunohistochemical investigation of native epithelium and recurrent aphthous stomatitis has been carried out. The A, M, G Igs, CD3 fragment of the compliment, and CD16 lymphocytes in the zone of gidropic changes and necrosis of the oral mucosa were founded The distribution of Igs, CD3 fragment of the compliment and natural killers in the same zone - prickle laminated keratinizing epithelium could be signs of immunocomplex and T-cell-dependent mechanisms of ceracinocytes dies. The results of our research prove the theory of immunotoxicity priority in oral mucosa in cases of recurrent aphthosus stomatitis.
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PMID:[Immunomorphology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis]. 2288 Apr 9