Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Melanoma patients were vaccinated with cell-free lysates prepared from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected cultured autologous and allogeneic melanoma cells. Eleven patients received vaccines produced from the melanoma cell line SK-MEL-13. This cell line, derived from the melanoma of Patient AH, expresses a differentiation antigen (initially defined by autologous antibody) that is restricted to melanomas and other cells of neural crest origin (an example of a Class 2 melanoma antigen). Thirteen patients received vaccines prepared from autologous melanoma cells, the only known source of autologous unique (Class 1) melanoma antigens. VSV lysates were used for vaccination because VSV infection of tumor cells has been shown to augment the immunogenicity of tumor antigens. All patients but one vaccinated with VSV lysates of autologous melanoma cells developed antibodies against VSV, and all patients vaccinated with VSV lysates of SK-MEL-13 developed antibodies against HLA-related antigens. Antibodies against a Class 1 (unique) melanoma antigen were detected in only one case, and antibodies against Class 2 (shared) melanoma antigens were not found in any of the patients. The authors conclude that VSV lysates of melanoma cells are not effective in increasing the serologic response of melanoma patients to Class 1 or 2 melanoma antigens.
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PMID:Serological response of melanoma patients to vaccines prepared from VSV lysates of autologous and allogeneic cultured melanoma cells. 298 1

The synergism of anticellular and antiviral activities of recombinant human interferon-gamma (ReIFN-gamma) and recombinant human interferon-beta (ReIFN-beta) was examined in vitro using human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells. Some differences were detected in the kinetics of anticellular activity between both IFNs, namely the inhibitory effect of ReIFN-beta occurred earlier than that of ReIFN-gamma. Significant synergism was detected in the anticellular activity of both IFNs when growth curves and isobolograms were examined. A difference between ReIFN-gamma and ReIFN-beta was also detected in antiviral activity. The antiviral activity of ReIFN-gamma against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was significantly weaker than that of ReIFN-beta, even though both IFNs exhibited almost equivalent antiviral activities against Sindbis virus. However, ReIFN-gamma and ReIFN-beta exhibited synergistic antiviral activities against both VSV and Sindbis virus. The analysis of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry revealed that there were some differences in the distribution pattern between cells treated with ReIFN-gamma alone, ReIFN-beta alone, or ReIFN-gamma and ReIFN-beta in combination. ReIFN-beta induced a prolongation or accumulation of S phase, whereas the effect of ReIFN-gamma was cycle-nonspecific. The combination of ReIFN-gamma and ReIFN-beta induced a decrease of G1 phase and an increase of G2M phase. These results suggest that ReIFN-gamma and ReIFN-beta used in combination were more effective in inhibiting the growth of human tumor cells and the proliferation of viruses than IFN used individually.
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PMID:Synergistic anticellular and antiviral activities of human recombinant interferon-gamma and -beta. 303 Dec 63

Small GTP-binding proteins of the rab family have been implicated as regulators of membrane traffic along the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways in eukaryotic cells. We have investigated the localization and function of rab8, closely related to the yeast YPT1/SEC4 gene products. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy on filter-grown MDCK cells demonstrated that, rab8 was localized to the Golgi region, vesicular structures, and to the basolateral plasma membrane. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that rab8p was highly enriched in immuno-isolated basolateral vesicles carrying vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein (VSV-G) but was absent from vesicles transporting the hemagglutinin protein (HA) of influenza virus to the apical cell surface. Using a cytosol dependent in vitro transport assay in permeabilized MDCK cells we studied the functional role of rab8 in biosynthetic membrane traffic. Transport of VSV-G from the TGN to the basolateral plasma membrane was found to be significantly inhibited by a peptide derived from the hypervariable COOH-terminal region of rab8, while transport of the influenza HA from the TGN to the apical surface and ER to Golgi transport were unaffected. We conclude that rab8 plays a role in membrane traffic from the TGN to the basolateral plasma membrane in MDCK cells.
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PMID:Rab8, a small GTPase involved in vesicular traffic between the TGN and the basolateral plasma membrane. 840 3

The rab11 GTPase has been localized to both the Golgi and recycling endosomes; however, its Golgi-associated function has remained obscure. In this study, rab11 function in exocytic transport was analyzed by using two independent means to perturb its activity. First, expression of the dominant interfering rab11S25N mutant protein led to a significant inhibition of the cell surface transport of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein and caused VSV G protein to accumulate in the Golgi. On the other hand, the expression of wild-type rab11 or the activating rab11Q70L mutant had no adverse effect on VSV G transport. Next, the membrane association of rab11, which is crucial for its function, was perturbed by modest increases in GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) levels. This led to selective inhibition of the trans-Golgi network to cell surface delivery, whereas endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport were largely unaffected. The transport inhibition was reversed specifically by coexpression of wild-type rab11 with GDI. Under the same conditions two other exocytic rab proteins, rab2 and rab8, remained membrane bound, and the transport steps regulated by these rab proteins were unaffected. Neither mutant rab11S25N nor GDI overexpression had any impact on the cell surface delivery of influenza hemagglutinin. These data show that functional rab11 is critical for the export of a basolateral marker but not an apical marker from the trans-Golgi network and pinpoint rab11 as a sensitive target for inhibition by excess GDI.
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PMID:Rab11 is required for trans-golgi network-to-plasma membrane transport and a preferential target for GDP dissociation inhibitor. 980 9

Mature glomerular visceral epithelial cells, or podocytes, are unique cells with a complex cell architecture. Characteristically, they possess a highly branched array of major processes and foot processes, which are essential for glomerular filtration in the kidney. A podocyte cell line with the potential to exhibit many features of differentiated podocytes, particularly the formation of cell processes, was recently established. In this study, it is shown that directed membrane transport is involved in process formation in cultured podocytes. The well-characterized vesicular stomatitis virus G was used as a marker protein for the biosynthetic pathway in these cells. It seems that newly synthesized vesicular stomatitis virus G is preferentially delivered into the cell processes of the podocytes, where it is colocalized with known regulators of vesicular transport from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, such as the small GTPase rab8 and the sec6/sec8 complex. To determine the role of vesicular transport in process formation, cells were treated with brefeldin A, a drug that disrupts the trafficking of post-Golgi transport vesicles. As a result, the podocytes reversibly lost their ability to form processes. These findings suggest that podocytes are dependent on a constant fresh source of lipids and proteins to form their processes.
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PMID:Directed membrane transport is involved in process formation in cultured podocytes. 1044 30

Epithelial cells explanted from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) tissue exhibit impaired exocytosis, specifically between the Golgi and basolateral membrane (Charron A, Nakamura B, Bacallo R, Wandinger-Ness A. Compromised cytoarchitecture and polarized trafficking in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease cells. J Cell Biol 2000; 148: 111-124.). Here the defect is shown to result in the accumulation of the basolateral transport marker vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein in the Golgi complex. Golgi complex morphology is consequently altered in the disease cells, evident in the noticeable fenestration and dilation of the cisternae. Further detailed microscopic evaluation of normal kidney and ADPKD cells revealed that ineffective basolateral exocytosis correlated with modulations in the localization of select post-Golgi transport effectors. The cytosolic coat proteins p200/myosin II and caveolin exhibited enhanced association with the cytoskeleton or the Golgi of the disease cells, respectively. Most cytoskeletal components with known roles in vesicle translocation or formation were normally arrayed with the exception of Golgi beta-spectrin, which was less prevalent on vesicles. The rab8 GTPase, important for basolateral vesicle targeting, was redistributed from the perinuclear Golgi region to disperse vesicles in ADPKD cells. At the basolateral membrane of ADPKD cells, there was a notable loss of the exocyst components sec6/sec8 and an unidentified syntaxin. It is postulated that dysregulated basolateral transport effector function precipitates the disruption of basolateral exocytosis and dilation of the ADPKD cell Golgi as basolateral cargo accumulates within the cisternae.
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PMID:ADPKD: a human disease altering Golgi function and basolateral exocytosis in renal epithelia. 1120 55