Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytoplasm of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected BHK cells has been separated into a fraction containing the membrane-bound polysomes and the remaining supernatant fraction. Total poly(A)-containing RNA was isolated from each fraction and purified. A 17S class of VSV mRNA was found associated almost exclusively with the membrane-bound polysomes, whereas 14,5S and 12S RNAs were found mostly in the postmembrane cytoplasmic supernatant. Poly(A)-containing VSV RNA synthesized in vitro by purified virus was resolved into the same size classes. The individual RNA fractions isolated from VSV-infected cells or synthesized in vitro were translated in cell-free extracts of wheat germ, and their polypeptide products were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The corresponding in vivo and in vitro RNA fractions qualitatively direct the synthesis of the same viral polypeptides and therefore appear to contain the same mRNA species. By tryptic peptide analysis of their translation products, the in vivo VSV mRNA species have been identified. The 17S RNA, which is compartmentalized on membrane-bound polysomes, codes for a protein of molecular weight 63,000 (P-63) which is most probably a nonglycosylated form of the viral glycoprotein, G. Of the viral RNA species present in the remaining cytoplasmic supernatant, the 14.5S RNA codes almost exclusively for the N protein, whereas the 12S RNA codes predominantly for both the NS and M proteins of the virion.
 ...
PMID:Translation and identification of the viral mRNA species isolated from subcellular fractions of vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells. 16 12

Poly(A)-containing vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA species synthesized in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells have been separated into four bands by electrophoresis on formamide-polyacrylamide gels. Two-dimensional fingerprints of ribonuclease T-1 and ribonuclease A digests of the RNA from each band show that they contain unique oligonucleotide sequences as well as 60 to 125 nucleotides of poly(A). The fingerprints were used to determine the nucleotide sequence complexities of RNA from three of the bands. Two contain nucleotide sequences which account completely for their molecular weights (0.70 times 10-6 and 0.55 times 10-6) determined by gel electrophoresis and sedimentation rate, and, therefore, these are radiochemically pure RNA species. The most rapidly migrating band must contain two ro three different RNA species since it has a molecular weight of 0.28 times 10-6, determined by physical methods, and a nucleotide sequence complexity two to three times that expected for a pure RNA species of this size. These data are in complete accord with translational studies (accompanying paper) which show that each of the two pure RNA species codes for a distinct viral protein, whereas the third codes for two viral proteins. From the molecular weight and sequence complexity determinations on mRNA from the bands, we conclude that most of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome is transcribed into discrete mRNA species.
 ...
PMID:Nucleotide sequence complexities, molecular weights, and poly(A) content of the vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA species. 16 28

Poly(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid) is known to be an effective inhibitor of the deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase found within the oncornaviruses. This synthetic polynucleotide was found to inhibit the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus in mouse L cells. The polymer was shown to be capable of inhibiting the viral ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase, and it is proposed that this is the mechanism of antiviral activity. The following observations support this viewpoint: (i) the polymer is most active when added after virus adsorption; (ii) the antiviral activity is not species specific; and (iii) the polynucleotide is nontoxic to the host cell. Conventional methodologies designed to increase nucleic acid uptake by cultured cells do not show an increase in antiviral potency.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication by poly(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid). 17 88

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase associated with vesicular stomatitis virus has been found to be markedly inhibited at high concentrations of virus. This endogenous inhibitor of the virion transcriptase was completely reversed by the action of two negatively charged polyamino acids: poly(L-glutamic acid) and pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1). Two other polyanions, heparin and polyethylene sulfonate, strongly inhibited the activity of the virion transcriptase even at low virus concentrations. Poly (L-glutamic acid) rapidly released the block in transcription of concentrated vesicular stomatitis virus, possibly owing to competition for binding sites of the inhibitor on the virion nucleocapsid transcription complex.
 ...
PMID:Reversal by certain polyanions of an endogenous inhibitor of the vesicular stomatitis virus-associated transcriptase. 20 38

An endogenous transcriptase inhibitor active at high concentrations of vesicular stomatitis (VS) virus was present in trypsinized whole virions but was absent from ribonucleoprotein cores containing only the L, N, and NS proteins. Poly(L-glutamic acid) effectively reversed the transcriptase inhibition. Transcription under noninhibited, inhibited, and poly(L-glutamic acid)-reversed conditions did not appear to greatly affect the nature of the RNA transcription product. The VS virion matrix (M) protein was purified to greater than 98% homogeneity and was found to have an isoelectric point of approximately 9.0. Purified M protein inhibited transcription by ribonucleoprotein cores, an effect that was partially reversed by poly(L-glutamic acid). Two group III temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of VS virus (tsO23 and ts G31) with lesions in the M protein exhibited little or no endogenous inhibitor activity compared with two wild-type strains and a group V mutant (tsO45) with a lesion in the G protein. The data presented strongly suggest that the virion M protein is responsible for the endogenous inhibition of in vitro RNA synthesis seen at high concentrations of VS virus.
 ...
PMID:Role of the membrane (M) protein in endogenous inhibition of in vitro transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus. 21 13

Twelve anthraquinones (AQ) were evaluated for their ability to potentiate the antiviral activity of poly r(A-U) using a human foreskin fibroblast-vesicular stomatitis virus bioassay in which the AQ was combined with 0.2 mM poly r(A-U) to produce an AQ/ribonucleotide ratio of 1/4. Poly r(A-U) and the AQ alone were not effective antiviral agents. Five of the twelve AQs tested, mitoxantrone, adriamycin, ametantrone, carminic acid and daunomycin, enhanced the antiviral activity of poly r(A-U) 9- to 13-fold. The interferon-inducing activity of the five active AQ/poly r(A-U) combinations was equal to the sum of the interferon-inducing activities of their constituents. These five AQs appear to potentiate the antiviral activity of poly r(A-U) without superinduction of interferon.
 ...
PMID:Polyribonucleotide-anthraquinone interactions: in vitro antiviral activity studies. 169 2

The role of N2-methyl-9-hydroxy-ellipticine (NMHE) and N2,N6-dimethyl-9-hydroxy-ellipticine (DMHE) in modulating the antiviral activity of poly (A-U) was examined using a human foreskin fibroblast-vesicular stomatitis virus (HSF-VSV) bioassay in which the concentration of poly (A-U) was fixed at 0.05 mM or 0.2 mM while the NMHE or DMHE concentration was varied to produce variable NMHE (or DMHE)/ribonucleotide ratios ranging from 1:16 to 2:1. Poly (A-U), NMHE and DMHE tested individually were not efficacious antiviral agents. When the poly (A-U) was combined with the NMHE or DMHE, the antiviral activity of the poly (A-U) was potentiated 16- to 20-fold a NMHE (or DMHE)/ribonucleotide ratios in the region of 1/4. Poly (A-U), NMHE and DMHE induce beta-IFN. The interferon-inducing activity of the NMHE (or DMHE)/poly (A-U) combination was equal to the sum of the interferon-inducing activity of the poly (A-U) alone and the NMHE (or DMHE) alone. The direct viral inactivation study demonstrated that NMHE, DMHE, poly (A-U) and the NMHE (or DMHE)/poly (A-U) combinations did not inactivate VSV at concentrations near the 50% viral inhibitory dose. Photomicrographs of HSF cells incubated with NMHE alone or with a NMHE/poly (A-U) combination suggest that poly (A-U) affects the subcellular distribution of the NMHE by steering the NMHE to the nucleolus. These observations suggest that modulation of a nuclear process may be responsible for the enhanced antiviral activity.
 ...
PMID:In vitro antiviral activity of poly (A-U) and ellipticines. 169 7

The denture surface provides a nidus for the growth of microbial species that act to initiate, aggravate, and maintain clinical disease. The present investigation describes the development of a model system for the testing of the effectiveness of agents against these microbial species inhabiting the denture surface. It was observed through in vitro growth patterns that the model permitted the testing of representative samples of the microbial flora. Poly-L-histidine was observed to inhibit both Candida albicans and C. glabrata from growing from the denture surface into nutrient broth. Scanning electron microscopy of control and treated denture disks revealed that poly-L-histidine had either eliminated most microbial flora from the denture surface or had effected a noticeable distortion of those Candida blastospores still present on the surface. From microbiologic studies, it appeared that poly-L-histidine had inflicted direct but not lethal damage to the still-attached distorted blastospores because the latter were still able to promote growth in agent-free broth. The antifungal effects of poly-L-histidine were observed to be dependent on the concentration of the polypeptide. The data obtained were consistent for all of the patients regardless of their denture stomatitis classification.
 ...
PMID:Model system for the in vitro testing of a synthetic histidine peptide against Candida species grown directly on the denture surface of patients with denture stomatitis. 304 85

Vaccinia virus-induced inhibition of host protein synthesis seems to be mediated by viral transcripts based on their differential inhibition of cellular mRNA translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. In this study, we demonstrated that the removal of poly(riboadenylic acid) [poly(A)] from the in vitro viral transcripts abolished this inhibition in the same cell-free system. This observation led us to the finding that less than 1 microM poly(A) completely inhibited HeLa cell mRNA translation in the reticulocyte lysate, whereas only 50% inhibition of vaccinia virus mRNA translation was observed at the same concentration. Similar results were also obtained in a wheat germ protein-synthesizing system. This inhibitory effect of poly(A) was totally abrogated by the addition of polydeoxythymidylate. This selective inhibition was highly specific for poly(A) since other homopolymers, including poly(G), poly(C), and poly(dA), were not capable of causing such an inhibition. Poly(U), however, had a moderate selective inhibitory effect. Among the several mRNAs tested, the translation of L-cell, encephalomyocarditis virus, and reovirus RNAs was also sensitive to poly(A). However, vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA translation was strikingly more resistant. These results suggest that poly(A), which is also synthesized by the virion-associated poly(A) polymerase may be involved in vaccinia virus-mediated host cell shutoff.
 ...
PMID:Poly(riboadenylic acid) preferentially inhibits in vitro translation of cellular mRNAs compared with vaccinia virus mRNAs: possible role in vaccinia virus cytopathology. 345 88

Poly(1-vinyluracil) and poly(9-vinyladenine), as well as the corresponding polynucleotides poly(uridylate) and poly(adenylate), inhibit acute murine leukemia virus infection in mouse-embryo cells, but they do not significantly inhibit the replication of Sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses. The polymers were most effective as inhibitors when added during an early stage of virus replication. Effects of vinyl polymers on the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase from the virions of murine leukemia virus were also observed.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of murine leukemia virus replication by poly(vinyluracil) and poly(vinyladenine). 412 32


1 2 Next >>