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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the kinetics of functional effector and memory T help in vivo the effect of priming with one serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus-Indiana (VSV-IND) on the antibody response to a serologically distinct heterologous second serotype (VSV-New Jersey: VSV-NJ) was studied. Mice primed with VSV-IND 4 or 8 days before being given a second infection of VSV-NJ developed an earlier and enhanced IgG response to neutralizing determinants of the second VSV serotype. However, this enhanced response was not detected in mice primed 15 or more days prior to a second infection. After 15 days, mice challenged with the heterologous VSV-NJ mounted a strictly normal primary response without evidence of suppression. It was shown by in vivo time-kinetics experiments that efficient VSV cross-reactive T help, capable of enhancing the IgG response is short lived and cyclosporin A resistant. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated in the absence of experimental evidence for suppression that this short-lived capacity to enhance neutralizing IgG antibody responses is mediated by T cells. These findings have implications for understanding antiviral protection and immunological memory against related but serologically distinct viruses.
Eur J Immunol 1990 Dec
PMID:Analysis of the kinetics of antiviral memory T help in vivo: characterization of short-lived cross-reactive T help. 217 7

Prostaglandin A (PGA) exhibits antiviral activity against RNA and DNA viruses. The effect of PGA1 on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was investigated. When VSV-infected L-1210 cells were kept in the presence of PGA1 the amount of all five viral proteins and their respective mRNAs was dose-dependently decreased. To determine whether the effect was on viral transcription or translation, the temperature-sensitive VSV mutant tsG 41 was employed. This is a good model system for the investigation of primary transcription; at the restrictive temperature of 39 degrees C, tsG 41 is unable to replicate but can transcribe viral mRNA. Mutant mRNA synthesis was strongly inhibited by PGA1 at this temperature, indicating that the major effect is on primary transcription. This conclusion is supported by data demonstrating that in vitro transcription of viral genomic RNA was also inhibited by PGA1.
J Gen Virol 1990 Dec
PMID:Inhibition of primary transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus by prostaglandin A1. 217 81

Viruses are multivalent particles that attach to cells through one or more bonds between viral attachment proteins (VAP) and specific cellular receptors. Three modes of virus binding are presented that can explain the diversity in binding data observed among viruses. They are based on multivalency of attachment and spatial versus receptor saturation effects which are easily distinguished based upon simple criteria. Mode 1 involves only monovalent virus/receptor binding. Modes 2 and 3 involve multivalent bonds between the virus and cell; however, in mode 3 space on the cell surface becomes saturated before receptors. A model is developed for viral attachment that accounts for nonspecific binding, receptor/virus interactions, and spatial saturation effects. The model can describe each mode in different limits and can be applied to virus binding data to extract key physical information such as receptor number and affinity. These values are used to postulate the type of VAP/receptor interaction involved and to predict binding at different parameter values. For the mode 2 binding of Adenovirus 2, the model predicts a receptor number of 4-15 x 10(3) on HeLa cells and an affinity of 2-6 x 10(7) M-1 which closely approximate experimental estimates. For the binding of three, broad-host-range, enveloped viruses, Semliki Forest virus, Vesicular Stomatitis virus, and the baculovirus, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, the model predicts receptor numbers of 10(5) or greater and affinities in the range of 10(4) to 10(5) M-1. These values are indicative of a VAP/oligosaccharide interaction which has been documented for a number of other viruses. Experimental evidence is presented that is the first to demonstrate that baculovirus binding is mediated by a cell surface receptor.
Biophys J 1990 Dec
PMID:General analysis of receptor-mediated viral attachment to cell surfaces. 217 56

It has been suggested that the addition of weekly low-dose cisplatin (DDP) may potentiate the efficacy of continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) without adding significant toxicity. To investigate the extent of added toxicity, an analysis of toxicity was completed in 18 patients with advanced cancers treated with continuous ambulatory 5-FU infusion 300 mg/m2/day and weekly low-dose cisplatin (DDP) 20 mg/m2. Ten of the 18 patients (56%) developed multiple (four or more) toxicities during treatment. In addition, toxicity categorized as severe occurred in 10 patients (56%). Seventeen of the 18 patients (94%) required treatment interruption or dose attenuation due to toxicity and most patients experienced a decline in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status due to treatment-related toxicity. Compared with historical toxicity patterns when 5-FU infusion is administered alone, the addition of DDP has resulted in significant increases in nausea and vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, stomatitis, and myelosuppression. The addition of low-dose weekly DDP adds significant toxicity and morbidity to the continuous 5-FU infusion regimen.
Am J Clin Oncol 1990 Dec
PMID:5-Fluorouracil infusion and low-dose weekly cisplatin: an analysis of increased toxicity. 223 3

Preclinical data showed that the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are augmented by interferon (IFN). In a small study, 13 of 17 patients with advanced colorectal cancer responded to a regimen of 5-FU with IFN. Using the same dose and schedule as in this pilot study, 38 previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated with continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of 5-FU 750 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, followed by weekly bolus 5-FU at 750 mg/m2 and subcutaneous IFN at 9 million units three times per week. Of 35 evaluable patients, nine (26%) had a partial response (95% confidence limit, 11% to 41%), with a median response duration of 7.5 months (range, 4.4 to greater than 11.7 months). Seven patients (20%) had a minor response, and ten (28%) had stable disease. The most common toxicities observed were stomatitis (52%) and diarrhea (43%). Neurotoxicity was seen in 34% of patients and consisted of gait disturbance, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, and dementia. Because of toxicity, 84% of patients required a reduction of the IFN dose by at least 50%, and 63% required reduction of the 5-FU dose by at least 25%. Although the combination of 5-FU and IFN in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma has some activity, the regimen was toxic, and the observed response rate (26%) was not substantially superior to alternative 5-FU programs.
Cancer 1990 Dec 15
PMID:Interferon alpha-2a and 5-fluorouracil for advanced colorectal carcinoma. Assessment of activity and toxicity. 224 87

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted from June 1988 to July 1989 to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high-dose dl-Leucovorin (dl-LV) and 5-FU treatment in 61 cases of advanced gastric and colorectal cancer. The administration schedule was a 2-hour infusion of dl-LV (500 mg/m2) and an IV bolus of 5-FU (600 mg/m2), given 1 hour after the beginning of LV infusion. Patients (pts.) were treated q week x 6 then evaluated for response. Thirty one gastric cancer pts. were divided into two groups; nine pts. treated with 30 min. infusion of 5-FU, and the remaining 23 pts. treated with IV bolus. PR was obtained in 2/9 (22.2%) and in 7/22 (31.8%) of the first and second group, respectively. An overall response rate was 9/31 (29%). Thirty colorectal cancer pts. were divided the same: 13 pts. treated with 30 min. infusion of 5-FU and the remaining 17 pts. treated with IV bolus. PR was obtained in 2/13 (15.4%) and in 7/17 (41.2) of the first and second groups, respectively. An overall response rate was 9/30 (30%). Median survival time for the gastric cancer group was 9.4 months, and for the colorectal cancer group was 13.6 months. Toxicity was within acceptable limits. Toxic effects included diarrhea, stomatitis, anorexia and myelohypoplasia. Our data suggests that high dose LV and 5-FU seems to be a very promising combination and warrants a further investigation.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1990 Dec
PMID:[High-dose leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil in advanced gastric and colorectal cancer. High-Dose Leucovorin and 5-FU Study Group]. 226 Aug 72

Research-based oral care protocols for the control and treatment of stomatitis secondary to cytotoxic therapy are scarce in the nursing literature. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy of two different oral care protocols in decreasing the incidence of stomatitis in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It was hypothesized that patients with hematologic malignancies using oral care protocol A would have a lower incidence of treatment-induced stomatitis than patients using oral care protocol B. Eighteen subjects with hematologic malignancies treated with high doses of chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiation therapy were randomly assigned to one of two specific oral care protocols. Protocols differed in the type of lip lubricant, toothette, and mouthwash used. The Oral Assessment Guide (21) was used to assess oral status five times a week for the duration of each subject's hospitalization. A t test for independent samples was used to determine if the difference in the condition of the oral cavity was related to the different oral care treatments. A statistically significant difference was not found between the mean oral assessment scores of the two groups. A trend emerged, however, of a lower incidence of stomatitis in the subjects using the experimental oral care protocol. A serendipitous finding was that reinforcement of oral care instructions and nursing assessments of the oral cavity seemed to promote patient compliance with the oral care regime. A supplementary analysis revealed a statistically significant (r = -0.7177) negative correlation between the degree of stomatitis and the peripheral white blood cell count.
Cancer Nurs 1990 Dec
PMID:Effect of two oral care protocols on the incidence of stomatitis in hematology patients. 227 7

CCC/2M, CCC/10Y and CCC/MT-2 cat kidney cells producing Japanese isolates of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLVs) and HOS/PL human osteosarcoma cells producing an American isolate of HTLV were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to prepare VSV pseudotypes bearing envelope antigens of HTLVs. VSV propagated in CCC/2M cells contained plaque-forming fractions that were not neutralized by treatment with anti-VSV serum alone: VSV pseudotypes bearing envelope antigens of HTLV2M and CCC cat endogenous virus were formed by infection of CCC/2M cells with VSV. Japanese HTLV2M, HTLV10Y and HTLVMT-2 and American HTLVPL pseudotypes were neutralized by sera of Japanese, American and British patients with ATL. Each serum, including the serum of the patient from whom HTLV2M or HTLV10Y had been derived, gave similar antibody titers against Japanese and American HTLV pseudotypes. The HTLV pseudotypes were also neutralized by rabbit serum raised against HTLVMT-2. A rabbit antiserum against the C-terminal half of the HTLV env protein produced in E. coli also neutralized Japanese and American HTLV pseudotypes. Thus, VSV pseudotype analyses indicated that envelope antigens of HTLVs represent a single serotype worldwide. The env protein produced in E. coli may be used to raise neutralizing antibody against HTLVs.
Int J Cancer 1985 Dec 15
PMID:Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: pseudotype neutralization of Japanese and American isolates with human and rabbit sera. 241 68

Colony stimulating factors have been shown to antagonize the bone marrow suppressive effects of interferons in vitro. The effect of partially purified murine macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) was evaluated for its ability to antagonize interferon's bone marrow suppressive effect and was measured for its effect against two other interferon activities. The effect of CSF-1 against interferon's bone marrow suppressive effect was measured in a bone marrow colony growth assay. The effect of CSF-1 against interferon's antiviral activity was measured in single-cycle vesicular stomatitis virus growth experiments. The effect of CSF-1 against interferon's antiproliferative activity was measured in 3-day cell growth kinetics assays using B-16 melanoma cells and J-774 reticulum sarcoma cells of macrophage origin. Each of the three types of interferon (MuIFN-alpha, MuIFN-beta, and MuIFN-gamma) were employed and had common effects, though they differed in the levels of their effective concentrations. Concomitant treatment with CSF-1 and interferon blocked the interferon mediated bone marrow suppression in a dose dependent manner but had no effect on the antiviral or antiproliferative activities of the interferons. Importantly, CSF-1 did not affect interferon's antiproliferative activity against the growth of J-774 reticulum sarcoma cells, even though CSF-1 is a macrophage colony stimulating factor and J-774 cells are of macrophage origin. The results suggest that colony stimulating factors might be employed to specifically protect bone marrow function during interferon therapy while not interfering with interferon's antiviral and antitumor activities.
J Biol Response Mod 1986 Dec
PMID:Macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) blocks the myeloid suppressive but not the antiviral or antiproliferative activities of murine alpha, beta, and gamma interferons in vitro. 243 91

Of the nine antigenic determinants on the glycoprotein (G) of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) identified by competitive binding of 25 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), those relegated to epitopes I, II, III, and IV exhibited no significant ability to neutralize virus infectivity but some nonneutralizing MAbs cross-reacted by ELISA with the G protein of VSV-Indiana. High-titered neutralization of homotypic virus was exhibited by epitope V, VI, and VII MAbs but quite variable neutralizing activity was found among MAbs of epitope "family" VIII and particularly the heterogeneous epitope "family" IX. Peptide mapping of the epitopes was not feasible because most MAbs would not bind by Western blotting to G protein under standard conditions of proteolysis or disulfide bond reduction. Therefore, a technique was devised for roughly locating epitopes by protease footprinting of G protein partially protected by individual MAbs complexed with staphylococcal protein A-Sepharose beads. Under these conditions, MAbs to all nine epitopes protected a similar 12-kDa fragment of the G protein from proteolysis by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. N-Terminal amino acid sequencing mapped two of these 12-kDa peptide footprints to a position on the G protein extending from amino acid 219 to about 100 amino acids downstream. Although MAbs to only one epitope bound to the 12-kDa fragment by Western blotting, these data suggest, but do not prove, that all nine epitopes of the undenatured VSV-New Jersey G protein are clustered at the middle 20% of a highly structured protein. This method may help to identify the general regions for epitopes on complex proteins of as yet unknown three-dimensional structure.
Virology 1987 Dec
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype): a method for preliminary mapping of epitopes. 244 24


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