Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leukocytes were harvested from the peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph node and small intestinal lamina propria from groups of three piglets before, and 1, 2 and 3 weeks after infection with virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) at 2 weeks of age. The donor piglets developed clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis which persisted for up to 3 days, and they developed peak serum titres of TGEV-neutralizing antibodies 2 weeks post-infection. The leukocytes were cultured in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), various dilutions of purified TGEV, or control media for 3 or 5 days, and the culture supernatants were tested for antiviral activity in MDBK cells challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus. The antiviral activity was characterized as porcine interferon (IFN)-alpha or porcine IFN-tau on the basis of its stability at pH 2.0 and neutralization by anti-human IFN-alpha antibodies. Viability of the leukocytes in culture, determined by trypan blue exclusion, was highest for the peripheral blood leukocytes and lowest for the mesenteric lymph node leukocytes. There were no consistent differences in antiviral activity between cultures incubated for 3 or 5 days. Porcine IFN-alpha was found in the supernatants of the leukocyte cultures stimulated with TGEV antigen, harvested before or after infection of the donor piglets with TGEV. Porcine IFN-tau was demonstrated in the supernatants of the leukocyte cultures stimulated with PWM, more frequently when the leukocytes were harvested post-infection. This was the first demonstration of IFN induction in vitro in leukocytes from porcine gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
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PMID:Interferon induction in porcine leukocytes with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. 134 91

The authors executed a study on the levels of T lymphocytes and of serum Fe, Zn and Cu in 50 atopic children. The boys showed a various pathology who included the eczema, the laryngotracheobronchostenosis, the choanal obstruction and/or the adenoid's obstruction, abdominal pains, stomatitis, relapsing herpes, shock, neurosis. The T4/T8 relationship resulted lower in the 34.5% of subjects, higher in the 30.5% normal in the 35.5%. In the patients with hyper-IgE the 28.2% of children showed this relationship in the normality, but in the children with a heavy atopic syndrome and normal IgE only the 7.3% of subjects showed the T4/T8 relationship in the normality. The authors dwell on the heavy iron deficiency (72%) and of the Zn (52%) and of the Cu (33%) in the serum present in these subjects. The authors suppose that these changes come from a short absorption of these ions coming from the epithelial gut's damage caused by the daily ingestion of food allergens.
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PMID:[Immunological and trace element study in 50 children with various diseases caused by food allergens and aeroallergens]. 350 23

One hundred and seventy three bone marrow transplantations (BMT) including 133 allogeneic, 17 syngeneic and 23 autologous BMT were recorded in Japan during the period between September, 1975 and March, 1984. The number of cases of BMT increased rapidly over the years, i.e., 16 cases in 1980, 27 in 1981, 39 in 1982 and 57 in 1983. All cases were treated in clean rooms, many of them receiving intensive gut decontamination containing vancomycin. In 110 cases with acute leukemia, the main causes of death were interstitial pneumonitis, relapse of leukemia, infection and GvHD. Favorable factors determined from 180-day survival were remission, no infection, low dose rate and fractionated total body irradiation (TBI), ABO minor mismatch and positive graft versus host reaction. Long-term survival of patients who received BMT during remission and were without infection amounted to 70% of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 40% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Cyclosporin A (Cy-A) administered in 21 cases was compared with methotrexate (MTX) given in 20 cases. A statistically significant decrease of stomatitis was observed, while no difference in GvHD or survival was seen. There were seven cases giving a more than good response out of 11 cases treated with cyclosporin because methotrexate or immuran was ineffective or could not be administered due to toxicity. Such data suggest that allogeneic BMT is acceptable as a very promising form of treatment for acute leukemia in Japan.
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PMID:Present status of bone marrow transplantation in Japan. 391 39

Samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the putative Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV). KS DNA from HIV-negative, African, endemic (EKS) samples, and epidemic HIV-positive KS (AKS), and sporadic KS (SKS) samples were tested from Tanzania and Sweden. All of the HIV KS (18 African EKS and 4 Swedish SKS) as well as the HIV-positive AIDS-related KS (16 African and 7 Swedish AKS) biopsies were shown to contain the previously described DNA sequences. KS lesions from children, females, and males in various tissues were analyzed including skin, lymph nodes, gut and oral mucosa. All forms of KS showed a single PCR product of the expected size (233 base pairs). To exclude amplification of other types of herpes virus, virus preparations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis, and human herpes virus type 6 (HHV6) were assayed, again by PCR, using the KSHV primers. No PCR products were obtained with any of these virus strains. However, most HIV-positive and HIV-negative KS DNA samples also contained either EBV and/or HHV6 sequences. All biopsies from non-KS tissues (cells) of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals were consistently negative for KSHV by PCR. The observation that the same herpes virus-like DNA sequence is present in endemic and sporadic, as well as AIDS-related, Kaposi's sarcoma cases suggests a possible pathogenic association between this putative novel, herpes-like virus and KS. The herpes virus-like DNA sequences described by Y. Chang in 1994 may indeed represent a novel herpes (KSHV), etiopathologically associated with various clinical forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Its pathogenic importance is indicated by its presence in different KS tissues with various clinical types of KS and its absence from non-KS-involved tissues. Furthermore, the presence of KSHV in KS of children suggests a nonsexual mode of transmission.
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PMID:A role for a new herpes virus (KSHV) in different forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. 758 56

Mucositis is a common toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. Glutamine appears to be the major energy source for intestinal epithelium, and animal studies have suggested that dietary supplementation with glutamine may protect the gut from both radiation and chemotherapy. Patients experiencing stomatitis after a course of chemotherapy were offered the opportunity to enter the current study if no clinical parameters precluded receiving the same chemotherapy doses during the next course of treatment. Patients received the same chemotherapy regimen as during the previous treatment but in addition received a suspension of L-glutamine, 4 gm swish and swallow twice a day, from day 1 of chemotherapy for 28 days or for 4 days past the resolution of any post-chemotherapy mucositis. Twelve patients receiving doxorubicin, 1 receiving etoposide, and 1 receiving ifosfamide, etoposide, and carboplatinum were entered into the study. The maximum grade (CALGB criteria) of mucositis decreased in 12 of 14 patients with glutamine supplementation (median score 2A vs 0.5, p < 0.001). Similarly, after glutamine supplementation, the total number of days of mucositis was decreased in 13 of 14 patients (2.7 +/- 0.8 (mean +/- SEM) vs 9.9 +/- 1.1, p > or = 0.001). Thirteen of the 14 patients felt that the mucositis was less severe with the addition of glutamine. No change in the nadir neutrophil count was noted with glutamine, and no toxicity of glutamine was observed. We conclude that oral supplementation with glutamine can significantly decrease the severity of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis, an important cause of morbidity in the treatment of patients with cancer. Glutamine supplementation in patients receiving therapy for cancer warrants further study.
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PMID:Oral glutamine to prevent chemotherapy induced stomatitis: a pilot study. 863 52

In previous experiments we have demonstrated that colonized and wild black flies are competent laboratory vectors of different Mexican and Western USA isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype New Jersey (VSV-NJ). We have recently demonstrated biological VSV-NJ transmission by black flies using animal models. In the study described here, we tested the vector competence of colonized and wild black flies for the vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype Indiana (VSV-IN). A 1998 equine isolate was used. After a 10 day incubation period, saliva from experimentally infected Simulium vittatum and S. notatum was individually collected and tested for the presence of infectious virus. Virus was detected in the saliva of both species following oral infection, indicating that they are competent laboratory vectors of VSV-IN. In addition, the results suggest that the black fly gut may exert evolutionary pressures on the virus.
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PMID:Laboratory vector competence of black flies (Diptera:Simuliidae) for the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1119 58

Early- and middle-stage copepodids of Anthosoma crassum (Dichelesthiidae: Siphonostomatoida) and lesions associated with A. crassum infections are described from samples collected from the jaws of shortfin makos captured off southern California. The copepodids did not possess frontal filaments or frontal organs, and they resided in a headstandlike position firmly attached by their embedded antennae. Copepod larvae and small adults were lodged in shallow mucosal ulcers that basally exhibited mild, acute granulocytic stomatitis; large adults were lodged in deep tunnels encompassing the anterior aspects of their bodies. Some lesions contained more than I copepod. Examinations of lesions revealed that A. crassum infection of shortfin makos can result in severe subacute, necrotizing stomatitis with hemorrhage, granulation tissue, and lymphocytic aggregations in the mucosa, and reactive lymphocytic infiltration of the submucosal skeletal muscle. Copepod gut contents consisted of shark erythrocytes, hemosiderin granules, and necrotic host cells. These observations, along with reports of sharks heavily infected with A. crassum, suggest that this copepod may sometimes play a role in the morbidity and mortality of sharks that it infects.
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PMID:First descriptions of early- and middle-stage copepodids of Anthosoma crassum (Dichelesthiidae: Siphonostomatoida) and lesions on shortfin makos (Isurus oxyrinchus) infected with A. crassum. 1205 65

Vesicular stomatitis, a disease of cattle, horses, and swine, is caused by either vesicular stomatitis virus, New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ), or vesicular stomatitis virus, Indiana serotype, which are related viruses in the genus Vesiculovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. Although recognized for at least 160 years, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains undefined. Black flies have been suggested as a vector for VSV-NJ. In this study we infected three- to four-week-old female black flies with VSV-NJ via feeding of virus-spiked ox blood or intrathoracic inoculation, and demonstrated the location of virus by immunohistochemistry. These preliminary findings suggest that VSV-NJ initially infects the gut in the natural situation but that subsequent spread to the salivary gland may be blocked in older flies, decreasing their ability to transmit the virus. The pattern of staining was different in intrathoracic inoculated flies. In these flies, salivary gland involvement was more likely, and extensive staining of eye, brain, and hemolymph suggested a more generalized infection that apparently circumvented the gut. We conclude that intrathoracic inoculation may be an inappropriate method of infection for determining vector competence and that the age of the vector should be considered when conducting competency studies.
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PMID:Immunolocalization of vesicular stomatitis virus in black flies (Simulium vittatum). 1238 14

Links have been observed between infections and the development of autoimmunity. Proposed explanations include activation of self-Ag-bearing APC. Using a model system in which transgenic OVA is expressed in enterocytes, we showed that CD8 T cell recognition of cross-presented Ag in gut-associated lymph nodes was tolerogenic. However, concomitant infection with vesicular stomatitis virus encoding OVA abrogated tolerance and induced disease. We now show that following transfer of naive OT-I T cells, the addition of wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus, oral cholera toxin, or CD40 triggering can induce intestinal disease in transgenic mice. Tissue damage accompanied dramatic increases in cytokine release by activated OT-I cells in the intestine. The data indicated that products of antigenically unrelated infections can combine with cross-presented self-Ags on APC to prime autoaggressiveness, independent of additional Ag release. These results help explain how diverse pathogens, lacking any homology to self-proteins, could be causative agents in induction of organ-specific autoimmunity.
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PMID:Cutting edge: inflammatory signals drive organ-specific autoimmunity to normally cross-tolerizing endogenous antigen. 1247 Oct 97

We reviewed the records of 235 consecutive recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) at our center between February 1983 and October 2000. Sepsis occurred in 25 patients (10.6%) at a median of 10 days (range, 1-280 days) after BMT. Five of the 25 patients (20%) died of sepsis. Pathogens isolated from blood culture were gram-positive cocci in 19 patients, gram-negative rods in 7, fungi in 2, and others in 1 patient. Two pathogens were detected concomitantly in 4 patients. Univariate analysis revealed that risk factors for sepsis were selective gut decontamination using lomefloxacin hydrochloride and nystatin, an unrelated donor, HLA mismatched BMT, and stomatitis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an unrelated donor was the only significant independent risk factor, with a relative risk of 5.432. In 12 of 25 patients with sepsis, the pathogens of sepsis were sensitive to antibiotics used for gut decontamination. Selective gut decontamination significantly increased the incidence of sepsis, especially that with gram-positive cocci, but not the mortality rate of sepsis, compared with total gut decontamination using vancomycin. We also found a significant relationship between pathogens isolated from blood culture and those isolated from surveillance cultures of stool, urine, and gargled water in the period before sepsis occurred. The present study revealed an independent risk factor for sepsis (unrelated donor), the feasibility of selective gut decontamination, and the importance of surveillance culture.
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PMID:Analysis of sepsis in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients: a single-center study. 1451 92


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