Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the photoinactivation of virus infectivity by hypocrellin A and its mechanism. The titers of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), both of which are enveloped viruses, were reduced upon illumination with hypocrellin A in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas canine parvovirus, a nonenveloped virus, was not killed. The removal of oxygen or addition of sodium azide or beta-carotene both inhibited VSV inactivation. Mannitol and superoxide dismutase had no effect on VSV inactivation. These results indicate that singlet oxygen was involved in the process of VSV inactivation. Of the three major VSV membrane proteins, peripheral membrane protein M was most damaged by the hypocrellin A phototreatment.
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PMID:Photoinactivation of virus infectivity by hypocrellin A. 938 93

Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) is a potent photosensitizer in biological systems. There are four structural analogues of BPD. The analogues share the same chromophor, which results in their having almost identical optical spectra, extinction coefficients, and yields of singlet oxygen. Small structural differences affect their photosensitizing potency in various biological systems, and thus make them an interesting tool to study the structure-activity relationship. The ranking of the photosensitizing potency of the analogues differed depending on the test system. The more efficient photosensitization of tumor cell lines by the highly lipophilic monoacids as compared to that by less lipophilic diacids correlated positively with the partition coefficient, and was related to the rate of diffusion into the cells. However, in the assay systems where PDT targets were located in the membrane (red blood cells hemolysis, enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus, isolated mitochondria) there was very little difference in photosensitizing potency of BPD analogues. The results indicate that the evaluation of photosensitizers is affected by the test system and thus for photosensitizers screening purposes, the choice of the test system should be made based on the intended ultimate use.
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PMID:Photosensitizing potencies of the structural analogues of benzoporphyrin derivative in different biological test systems. 961 1

Inactivation of viruses can be induced by singlet oxygen generating agents. The water-insoluble polymeric compound PVNE (poly (1,4-dimethyl-6-vinylnaphthalene-1,4-endoperoxide)) is used as a storage for reactive oxygen and is able to produce thermally generated 1O2 in a dark-reaction. Enveloped viruses from two different families, Semliki Forest virus (SFV, Togaviridae) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, Rhabdoviridae) showed a loss of infectivity of up to 8 log10/ml (TCID50) when incubated at 37 degrees C with PVNE in buffered solutions. PVNE produces singlet oxygen by thermal decomposition without irradiation. Such chemically generated oxygen excludes reactions involving radicals (type I photoreactions), a problem often encountered in photodynamic processes utilizing dyes as sensitizers. In addition, the water insolubility of the oxygen-carrier allows an easy removal and recycling from aqueous solutions. Therefore, it may prove useful in the inactivation of viruses in biological systems and may be a helpful tool in studies concerning the inactivation mechanism by 1O2.
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PMID:Inactivation of enveloped viruses by singlet oxygen thermally generated from a polymeric naphthalene derivative. 961 4

Merocyanine 540 (MC540)-mediated photodynamic damage to erythrocytes was strongly reduced when illumination was performed at pH 8.5 as compared to pH 7.4. This could be explained by high pH-mediated hyperpolarization of the erythrocyte membrane, resulting in decreased MC540 binding at pH 8.5. In accordance, the MC540-mediated photooxidation of open ghosts was not inhibited at pH 8.5. Photoinactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was not inhibited at pH 8.5. This suggests that illumination at increased pH could be an approach to protect red blood cells selectively against MC540-mediated virucidal phototreatment. With tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AIPcS4) as photosensitizer, damage to erythrocytes, open ghosts and VSV was decreased when illuminated at pH 8.5. A decreased singlet oxygen yield at high pH could be excluded. The AIPcS4-mediated photooxidation of fixed erythrocytes was strongly dependent on the cation concentration in the buffer, indicating that the surface potential may affect the efficacy of this photosensitizer. This study showed that altering the environment of the target could increase both the efficacy and the specificity of a photodynamic treatment.
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PMID:Plasma membrane properties involved in the photodynamic efficacy of merocyanine 540 and tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine. 1073 53

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and place of noninvasive ventilation of the lungs (NVL) in the treatment of hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with tumorous diseases of the blood. The study was carried out in 12 patients (3 men and 9 women) with tumorous diseases of the blood system, in whom NVL was used for treating ARF. Central hemodynamic and oxygen transport parameters were studied using Swan-Hanz catheter. NVL was uneventfully carried out in 5 (41.7%) of 12 patients (group 1). Group 2 consisted of 7 patients intubated after the beginning of NVL: 2 had to be transferred to forced ventilation of the lungs (FVL) because of loss of consciousness and 5 because of augmenting severity of ARD. All patients transferred to FVL died. During the first 3 h of NVL, oxygen delivery increased from 371.3 +/- 84.9 to 443.9 +/- 92.7 gm/m2 and oxygen consumption from 123.9 +/- 35.9 to 173.5 +/- 34 m/m2, oxygen alveolar-arterial difference decreased from 400.8 +/- 165.3 to 210 +/- 57.5 mm Hg, pulmonary shunt from 41.8 +/- 11.9 to 19 +/- 7.9%, PaO2/FiO2 from 140.4 +/- 210 +/- 84.9, left-ventricular stroke index increased from 38.2 +/- 14.9 to 50.6 +/- 21.8 ml/m2, left-ventricular output index from 37 +/- 19.5 to 47.4 +/- 23.7 gm/m2, and heart rate decreased from 119.2 +/- 17.5 to 111.4 +/- 23.8 min-1. In group 2 greater fraction of inhaled oxygen and higher positive pressure at the end of inspiration were required than in group 1. Heart rate and oxygen alveolar-arterial difference were higher in group 2. Side effects of NVL were skin maceration, hematomas on the bridge of the nose, and conjunctivitis. A specific complication associated with thrombocytopenia was the hemorrhagic syndrome (nasal bleeding, hemorrhagic stomatitis). Hence, NVL is the first stage of respiratory support in hypoxemic ARF. In immunocompromised patients NVL is effective only in cases when the cause of damage to the lung is rapidly diagnosed and effective pathogenetic therapy promptly started.
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PMID:[Noninvasive ventilation of the lungs in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients]. 1151 Mar 52

To increase the safety of stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFH) as an artificial oxygen carrier source, we investigated the effect of heat treatment on virus inactivation in hemoglobin solution. The hemoglobin solution spiked with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was treated at 60 degrees C for 1 hr under either an air or CO atmosphere. VSV was inactivated at >5.8 log10 and >6.0 log10 under the air and CO atmosphere, respectively. Although the methemoglobin rate increased after the heat treatment under the air atmosphere, no methemoglobin formation was observed by the treatment under the CO atmosphere. Isoelectric focusing analysis revealed the denaturation of hemoglobin after the heat treatment under the air, while hemoglobin banding was not altered in the carbonylated condition. Some protein bands other than hemoglobin were weakened or disappeared on SDS-PAGE after the heat treatment under both conditions. In addition, the hemoglobin concentration in the SFH was higher after the heat treatment than before the treatment. These findings indicate that the heat treatment under the CO atmosphere inactivates viruses without hemoglobin denaturation, and hence, this method is a promising approach to prepare a safer SFH as artificial oxygen carriers.
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PMID:Virus inactivation in hemoglobin solution by heat treatment. 1067 79

Hemoglobin (Hb) has been widely studied as a raw material for various types of oxygen carriers. In the purification of Hb from red blood cells including virus inactivation and denaturation of other proteins and the long-term storage of Hb vesicles (HbV), a deoxygenation process is one of the important processes because of the high stability of deoxygenated Hb to heating and metHb formation. Though an oxygenated Hb solution can be deoxygenated with an artificial lung, it is difficult to reduce the oxygen partial pressure of the Hb solution to less than 10 Torr. We developed an electrochemical system for complete deoxygenation of the Hb solution at the cathode compartment using hydrogen containing nitrogen gas at the anode compartment. Oxygen in the Hb solution was reduced to OH(-) at the cathode compartment within several minutes at a potential value of -1.67 V and was finally converted to water by neutralization with H(+) from the anode in the whole system. The resulting completely deoxygenated Hb could tolerate heat treatment at 62 degrees C for 10 h with no denaturation of deoxygenated Hb. The metHb formation rate of reoxygenated Hb at 37 degrees C was not changed after heat treatment. Furthermore, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) could be inactivated at an inactivation degree of more than 5.96 log by heat treatment.
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PMID:Complete deoxygenation from a hemoglobin solution by an electrochemical method and heat treatment for virus inactivation. 1182 7

Transgenic birds were expected to be an excellent transgenic bioreactor for the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. However, the only successful transgenic bioreactors have been based on mammals. We have developed two key techniques for obtaining transgenic birds. For bird embryo culture, we identified that the low rate of hatchability of cultured embryos is caused by limited oxygen and calcium availability. In quail embryo culture using a chicken eggshell as a culture vessel, hatchability increased to 80% by the supplement of calcium lactate in addition to oxygen aeration. A fully artificial vessel for quail embryo culture using a gas-permeable Teflon membrane was also designed. Although the hatchability was lower than that of cultures using a surrogate eggshell, we succeeded in hatching of bird embryos using a fully artificial vessel. For transgene introduction, a replication-defective pantropic retroviral vector based on Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) was injected to laid embryos at the blastodermal stage, and the embryos were hatched in vitro to generate G0 birds. The viral vector sequence was detected in the tissues of all G0 birds. The germ-line transmission efficiency was more than 80%. Plural copies of the transgene were inserted into the genome of G1 transgenic progeny.
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PMID:Transgenic birds for the production of recombinant proteins. 1545 96

Clinical and immunological efficiency of leukinferone in combination with polyoxidonium (immunomodulator) was studied in patients with relapsing herpetic stomatitis (RHS). The levels of alpha- and gamma-IFN were decreased, levels of IgM, IgG, and IgE were increased, active oxygen forms were actively produced, and the count of CD8(+)-cells was increased in patients with RHS. Treatment with polyoxidonium and leukinferone led to an increase of the blood levels of alpha- and gamma-IFN, decrease of IgM, IgG, and IgE levels, normalization of phagocytosis, and decrease of CD8(+)-cell count. The treatment had a pronounced clinical effect in patients with RHS of any severity, which indicates the efficiency of these drugs in combined therapy of patients with RHS.
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PMID:[Effects of immunomodulating therapy on immune status and the disease course in patients with relapsing herpetic stomatitis]. 1547 35

Adsorption of antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 on a poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base may serve to prevent biofilm formation, leading to a reduction of denture-induced stomatitis. This study focused on adsorption behavior of histatin 5 onto PMMA surfaces modified using a cold plasma technique and the effectiveness of histatin 5 adsorption for reducing Candida albicans biofilm formation by the quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) technique. PMMA spin-coated specimens were treated with oxygen (O(2)) plasma using a plasma surface modification apparatus. The amount of histatin 5 adsorbed onto the PMMA treated with O(2) plasma is more than six times greater than that adsorbed onto untreated PMMA. The degree of histatin 5 adsorption had a negative correlation with the contact angle, whereas that of zeta-potential showed no significant correlation. XPS analysis revealed that the introduction of the carboxyl and O(2) functional groups were observable on the O(2) plasma-treated PMMA. Increased surface hydrophilicity and the formation of the carboxyl could be responsible for histatin 5 adsorption on plasma-treated PMMA. There is no significant difference between histatin-adsorbed PMMA and control PMMA for C. albicans initially attached. On the contrary, the amount of C. albicans colonization on histatin-adsorbed PMMA was significantly less than the control.
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PMID:Adsorption behavior of antimicrobial peptide histatin 5 on PMMA. 1620 58


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