Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 100 plaque forming unit (pfu) dose of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), tsG31 KS5, engendered a slowly progressive paralytic central nervous system (CNS) disease that killed all BALB/c nude mice within 28 days. Reconstitution of nude mice with 10(7) syngeneic splenocytes 24 h before intracerebral inoculation with tsG31 KS5 VSV, however, protected 92% of the animals from death. When these reconstituted animals were injected intracerebroventricularly with 14 pmol of beta-endorphin 24 h after reconstitution with splenocytes and 24 h before inoculation with tsG31 KS5 VSV, only 72% of the animals survived. Furthermore, whereas 40% of the afflicted reconstituted nude mice given intracerebroventricular injections of sterile water were able to recover from the symptoms of disease, those surviving animals which received beta-endorphin were unable to do so. A single intravenous injection of 14 pmol beta-endorphin, or repeated postinfection administration of 28 pmol of beta-endorphin intravenously into nude mice reconstituted with syngeneic splenocytes, which were pretreated with beta-endorphin, did not alter the course of CNS disease induced by tsG31 KS5 VSV. The effect induced by intracerebroventricular injection of beta-endorphin was antagonized by naloxone, but not by the neuropeptide fragment beta-endorphin-(1-27). A simultaneous intracerebroventricular injection of reconstituted nude mice with 1220 pmol of naloxone and 14 pmol of beta-endorphin resulted in a 89% survival rate, and 33% of the afflicted animals were able to overcome the symptoms of the disease induced by tsG31 KS5 VSV. Intracerebroventricular injection of reconstituted nude mice with 330 pmol of beta-endorphin-(1-27) and 14 pmol of beta-endorphin resulted in a 72% survival rate and the surviving animals were unable to improve appreciably the clinical status of their disease. Injection of reconstituted nude mice with either 1220 pmol of naloxone or 330 pmol of beta-endorphin-(1-27) alone did not alter the course of the CNS disease in any way. A single intracerebroventricular injection of 29 pmol of another psychoactive peptide, [Des-Tyr]-endorphin, 24 h after reconstitution of nude mice with splenocytes and 24 h prior to infection with virus, resulted in 74% survival; and 39% of the afflicted animals were able to recover from the clinical symptoms.
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PMID:Beta-endorphin alters the course of central nervous system disease induced by a temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus in reconstituted nude mice. 216 Apr 76

Discontinuation or alteration of the schedule of radiation therapy is often necessary in patients with tumors of the parotid gland and pharynx because of the development of stomatitis. Alloid G (Sodium alginate; AL-G) is an agent with a promotive effect on healing of inflammation of the gastric and esophageal mucosa. In this study, we orally administered the agent in irradiated mice to examine its healing effect against radiation stomatitis. ICR mice (5-week-old males) were subjected to gamma-irradiation at 17-32 Gy, and followed by oral administration with either AL-G, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), or water twice daily for 20 days. The effects of the treatments on radiation stomatitis were examined according to the survival of the animals and histological findings in the oral mucosa. After irradiation at 32 Gy, it was found that the epidermal basal layer was present in the AL-G group. In both PVP and water-treated groups, however, it was not found. The dose modification factor (DMF) of 1.12 was calculated from oral radiation death of LD50/20 and radiation dose with or without AL-G. These results suggest that AL-G probably have a pharmacologically reparative effect on radiation injury of the oral mucosa, in addition to the physical epidermal protective effect due to its viscosity such as that of PVP.
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PMID:[Reparative effects of sodium alginate (Alloid G) on radiation stomatitis]. 259 84

Inorganic bismuth salts are poorly soluble in water: solubility is influenced by the acidity of the medium and the presence of certain compounds with (hydr)oxy or sulfhydryl groups. The analysis of bismuth in biological material is not standardised and is subject to large variation; it is difficult to compare data from different studies, and older data should be approached with caution. The normal concentration of bismuth in blood is between 1 and 15 micrograms/L, but absorption from oral preparations produces a significant rise. Distribution of bismuth in the organs is largely independent of the compound administered or the route of administration: the concentration in kidney is always highest and the substance is also retained there for a long time. It is bound to a bismuth-metal binding protein in the kidney, the synthesis of which can be induced by the metal itself. Elimination from the body takes place by the urinary and faecal routes, but the exact proportion contributed by each route is still unknown. Elimination from blood displays multicompartment pharmacokinetics, the shortest half-life described in humans being 3.5 minutes, and the longest 17 to 22 years. A number of toxic effects have been attributed to bismuth compounds in humans: nephropathy, encephalopathy, osteoarthropathy, gingivitis, stomatitis and colitis. Whether hepatitis is a side effect, however, is open to dispute. Each of these adverse effects is associated with certain bismuth compounds. Bismuth encephalopathy occurred in France as an epidemic of toxicity and was associated with the intake of inorganic salts including bismuth subnitrate, subcarbonate and subgallate. In the prodromal phase patients developed problems in walking, standing or writing, deterioration of memory, changes in behaviour, insomnia and muscle cramps, together with several psychiatric symptoms. The manifest phase started abruptly and was characterised by changes in awareness, myoclonia, astasia and/or abasia and dysarthria. Patients recovered spontaneously after discontinuation of bismuth. Intestinal lavage, forced diuresis and haemodialysis have been tried without positive effects on the clinical condition of the patient or on blood bismuth concentration, and the use of dimercaprol as an antidote has produced reports of both positive and negative findings. To confirm the diagnosis of bismuth encephalopathy, it is essential to find elevated bismuth concentrations in blood, plasma, serum or CSF. A safety level of 50 micrograms/L and an alarm level of 100 micrograms/L have been suggested in the past, but no proof is available to support the choice of these levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of bismuth compounds. 268 29

A recent outbreak of vesicular stomatitis in California's San Joaquin Valley caused economic loss at 2 dairies of $225,000 during a 2-month period. These losses amounted to $202/cow for dairy 1 and $97/cow for dairy 2. The most notable economic losses were associated with high cull rates. The rapid spread of the disease (attack rates were 72% in 66 days for dairy 1 and 38% in 41 days for dairy 2) suggests that high-density herds particularly may be vulnerable to the disease. Factors that may have accounted for this rapid spread included common water troughs, open corrals, and inability of the dairy operator to isolate cows due to lack of space.
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PMID:Economic impact of an epizootic of bovine vesicular stomatitis in California. 298 76

The fluorophore 4-heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin was used as a probe to study the properties of phospholipid bilayers at the lipid-water interface. To this end, the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy, the differential polarized phase fluorometry, and the emission lifetime of the fluorophore were measured in isotropic viscous medium, in lipid vesicles, and in the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virus. In the isotropic medium (glycerol), the probe showed an increase in the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy with a decrease in temperature, but the emission lifetime was unaffected by the change in temperature. In glycerol, the observed and predicted values for maximum differential tangents of the probe were identical, indicating that in isotropic medium 4-heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin is a free rotator. Nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetric studies with lipid vesicles containing 1-2 mol % of the fluorophore indicated that the packaging density of the choline head groups was affected in the presence of the probe with almost no effect on the fatty acyl chains. The fluorophore partitioned equally well in the gel and liquid-crystalline phase of the lipids in the membrane, and the phase transition of the bilayer lipids was reflected in the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of the probe. The presence of cholesterol in the lipid vesicles had a relatively small effect on the dynamics of lipids in the liquid-crystalline state, but a significant disordering effect was noted in the gel state. One of the most favorable properties of the probe is that its emission lifetime was unaffected by the physical state of the lipids or by the temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characterization of the fluorophore 4-heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin: a probe for the head-group region of lipid bilayers and biological membranes. 298 80

Synthesized N protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is associated with replicated viral genomes in the infected cells. The cytoplasmic side of cell membranes was examined by quick-freezing and deep-etching replica method, in order to clarify the localization of VSV genomes. Control or infected monolayer Vero cells were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde, scraped and centrifuged to make pellets. A drop of the cell pellet was put between two glass coverslips, which were coated with 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane and glutaraldehyde. The cells were consequently split open and postfixed in the mixture of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde. Some inside-out cell membranes on the coverslips were immunostained with anti-N monoclonal antibody directly coupled to gold particles. Others were immunostained with anti-N monoclonal antibody and rabbit anti-mouse IgG coupled to peroxidase and fixed again in glutaraldehyde. They were incubated in diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide solution for 1 min. All of them were infiltrated with 10% methanol in distilled water and quickly frozen in a mixture of isopentane and propane cooled by liquid nitrogen. Such preparations were deep-etched and shadowed by platinum and carbon. Although many cell organelles were found to be associated with the cytoplasmic side of cell membranes in the normal Vero cells, few cell organelles were attached to it in the infected cells. On the contrary, special strand structures were identified, which could be immunostained with anti-N monoclonal antibody. It is concluded that platinum replicas have sufficient resolution to identify the VSV genomes coated with N protein and that these nucleocapsids can be associated with the cytoplasmic side of cell membranes in the infected cells.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical study on the cytoplasmic side of cell membranes infected with vesicular stomatitis virus by quick-freezing and deep-etching replica method. 299 6

Denture pellicle in denture stomatitis has been studied with transmission electron microscopy after embedding the denture base in a water-miscible resin in seven patients with heavy plaque deposits on their dentures and in five patients with no apparent plaque accumulation. In the first group, the denture surface was covered by a well differentiated granular pellicle. A cell-free zone was interposed between the pellicle and the plaque, which consisted predominantly of rounded, rod-shaped, and filamentous microorganisms with a loose distribution, separated by an electron-lucent amorphous and gel-like matrix. C. albicans were scattered among the bacteria and often presented with degenerated cytoplasm. In the second group, a structurally heterogeneous pellicle was seen adjacent to the denture surface. A thin plaque that consisted mainly of dense accumulations of C. albicans, a narrow dense matrix, and few bacteria was found. Calculus accumulations on the dentures consisted of amicrobial calcifications in the deeper layers, whereas the superficial parts showed bacterial calcifications.
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PMID:Transmission electron microscopy of plaque accumulations in denture stomatitis. 388 38

Infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus was inactivated by suspending the virus in aqueous salt solutions that had previously been subjected to X-irradiation. This viral inactivation did not appear to be attributable to hydrogen peroxide or to long-lived free radicals generated by X-irradiation of the salt solutions. Indirect evidence suggested that the deleterious effects on the virus were caused by chemical species resulting from interaction of free water molecules with anions in the solution. Inactivation of infectivity was associated with distortion of the outer layer of the virion, as determined by electron microscopy, and with consequent impairment of adsorption to otherwise susceptible cells.
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PMID:Effects of x-irradiated aqueous solutions on vesicular stomatitis virus. 430 17

A water-soluble nontumorigenic acidic fraction of tobacco smoke condensate of cigarettes has been found to have antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infection in mice. The portion of lower molecular weight was inhibitory to the growth of EMC virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, reovirus type 2, vaccinia virus, and poliovirus type 2, but not against adenovirus type 12, in KB cell cultures. The cigarette smoke agent did not induce serum interferon although it protected mice from EMC disease by pretreatment.
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PMID:Antiviral activity of tobacco smoke condensate on encephalomyocarditis infection in mice. 436 77

In water or dimethyl sulfoxide solutions cis-platinum is subject of time depending solvolytic reactions leading to compounds with different biological effectivity. Whereas the inactivation of vaccinia, vesicular stomatitis and adeno virus type 5 was not changed if dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl formamide instead of destilled water were used as solvents, long time stored solutions of cis-platinum in dimethyl sulfoxide were tolerated by cells cultivated in vitro in 8-25 times higher concentrations in comparison with a freshly solved preparation. Their antiviral effectivity was maintained. On the other hand experiments with mice showed that simultaneously with the decrease of toxicity of an aged cis-platinum solution in DMSO also its antileukemic activity disappeared. In a 5 weeks old cis-platinum solution in destilled water antitumor activity was preserved in spite of enhanced toxicity.
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PMID:[Biological activity of transition metal complexes. 5. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the cytotoxic, antiviral and antitumoral properties of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II): "cisplatin"]. 608 77


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