Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From November 1987 to October 1990, we investigated the efficacy of povidine iodine gargle solution (Isodine Gargle) for preventing stomatitis in 26 patients (19 males and 7 females; mean age 53.2 years) with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The patients were given a concentrated preparation of the gargle solution which they had to dilute 50 times, and were asked to use it 8 times/day for one year. Twenty patients (76.9%) frequently suffered from stomatitis despite the gargling. Therefore, in the second year they were instructed to use the gargle solution at a higher concentration (30-fold dilution). On the third year, they were asked to increase the frequency of gargling to 10 times/day; this resulted in a significant decrease in frequency of the episodes of stomatitis. Severe and painful stomatitis no longer occurred. Gargling with povidine iodine gargle solution was thus considered effective for preventing stomatitis in AML patients.
 ...
PMID:[Prevention of stomatitis in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia using PVP-iodine (Isodine) gargle]. 160 59

Iodo-doxorubicin belongs to the group of doxorubicin analogs with modifications at the 4'-position of the daunosamine sugar moiety. Epirubicin is the archetype of the analogs created by configurational changes at the sugar. In case of EPI, the hydroxy group at the 4'-position is equatorial instead axial. In case of I-DOX, the hydroxy group has been replaced by an iodine-atom. This exchange has a great influence on the basicity of the amino group at the 3'-position. The physico-chemical properties of I-DOX are markedly different from those of DOX and EPI. I-DOX is unprotonated at physiological pH and much more lipophilic than DOX. The preclinical screening showed greater potency of I-DOX in different tumor cell systems. Cardiotoxicity and tissue toxicity after extravasation were significantly reduced in case of I-DOX. The substance was evaluated within three phase-I-studies in Europe during 1988 to 1990. The most prominent toxicity observed was myelotoxicity. This type of toxicity was dose-dependent and reversible. Alopecia, stomatitis/mucositis were not seen at all. There was only minor nausea without vomiting. The measured thyroid parameters were not affected by administration of an iodine-containing drug, but long-term effects cannot be ruled out. No acute cardiotoxicity was observed. The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of I-DOX differ from those of DOX and EPI. The terminal half-life of I-DOX is shorter, the plasma clearance higher than of DOX. One major difference is the formation of iodo-doxorubicinol, which is much larger in case of I-DOX compared to DOX and EPI. This cytostatic metabolite has a long terminal half-life.
 ...
PMID:[Iodo-doxorubicin, a new anthracycline derivative. Current state of progress]. 208 29

Human plasma-derived protein concentrates intended for clinical use must be treated for viral inactivation to ensure patient safety. This study explored the use of liquid iodine for inactivation of several lipid- and nonlipid-enveloped viruses in an antithrombin III (AT-III) concentrate. Iodine at levels of 0.01% to 0.02% caused between 43% and 94% loss of AT-III activity, as well as degradation of AT-III as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. However, addition of up to 0.1% human albumin protected the AT-III against both inactivation and fragmentation. At albumin levels sufficient to retain greater than 75% of AT-III activity, greater than 6 logs of sindbis, encephalomyocarditis, and vesicular stomatitis viruses, greater than 4 logs of pseudorabies, and greater than 3 logs of human immunodeficiency virus were inactivated. Except with sindbis virus, this represented complete inactivation of all the viruses spiked into the AT-III concentrate.
 ...
PMID:Iodine-mediated inactivation of lipid- and nonlipid-enveloped viruses in human antithrombin III concentrate. 760 9

Infectious disease specialists have proposed guidelines on diagnostic evaluation of HIV infected patients with diarrhea. They are based on using clues from a careful history, physical examination, and evaluation of known laboratory data. Early on, clinicians must differentiate between small and large bowel diarrhea to properly evaluate any patient with diarrhea. If available, they should use the patient's absolute CD4 count, duration of diarrhea, frequency and characteristics of stools, degree of weight loss, and exposure history (e.g., residence and water supply). When conducting the patient history, clinicians should ask about recent antibiotic or antiretroviral use, previous opportunistic infections, and other illnesses or hospitalizations. The physical exam should include height and weight, orthostatic blood pressure, and degree of wasting. Abnormalities of skin and mucous membrane may indicate nutrient deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B deficiency = stomatitis). The disease specialists provide us with an algorithm to the diagnostic evaluation of HIV infected patients with diarrhea using the CD4 cell count and the type of diarrhea (small or large bowel) as the defining factors. For example, clinicians should request stool cultures for Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia and examination with saline and iodine for the presence of ova and parasites for patients with CD4 counts greater than 200 cells x 1 million/l and small bowel diarrhea. If the patient also has a fever, blood cultures should be done to test for Salmonella. If all these tests are negative and the patient still has symptoms, modified acid-fast staining should be done to look for cryptosporidium oocysts. If this test is negative and symptoms continue, upper endoscopy with biopsy is warranted. This strategy should result in a less time-consuming and more directed diagnostic strategy that may improve quality of life.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic strategies in HIV-infected patients with diarrhea. 766 16

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine with terminal alkynes in the presence of copper(I) iodide in dimethylformamide resulted in a series of 8-(1-alkyn-1-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosines. Hydrogenation of alkynyl derivatives over 10% Pd/C under atmospheric pressure gave 8-n-alkyl analogues in nearly quantitative yields. On partial saturation of heptynyl, pentynyl, and propynyl derivatives over Lindlar catalyst, the corresponding cis-olefins were obtained along with minor amounts of trans isomers. Of the analogues tested, the following showed some activity, i.e. they were found to be active at concentrations that were at least 3-fold lower than the cytotoxic concentrations: the 8-heptynyl derivative against vaccinia virus (VV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); the 8-propyl derivative against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and CMV; the 8-pentyl derivative against CMV; the 8-heptyl derivative against VV, CMV, RSV, and influenza A; and the 8-heptenyl derivative against VV, RSV, and influenza A. The unsubstituted 2'-deoxyadenosine did not show any antiviral effect, except against RSV. Except for 8-propyl-dA, the antivirally active dA analogues were rather inhibitory to the growth of human embryonic lung cells. The most cytotoxic was the 8-ethynyl derivative.
 ...
PMID:Synthesis and antiviral activities of 8-alkynyl-, 8-alkenyl-, and 8-alkyl-2'-deoxyadenosine analogues. 817 8

Methods for inactivating virus contaminants in serum, cryoprecipitate-poor plasma, and protein concentrates need to be identified. In this study, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-spiked human serum and cryoprecipitate-poor plasma were treated with cross-linked povidone iodine (XLPVPI) at concentrations of 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/mL up to 120 min at 4 and 24 degrees C. The activities of virus and relevant proteins were examined. The results indicated that XLPVPI at concentrations that inactivate > 5 logs of VSV in serum decreased factor IX and protein C activities by < 10% in cryoprecipitate-poor plasma. At concentrations up to 10 mg of XLPVPI/mL, < 10% of protein C and factor IX activity was lost after incubation for 5 min at 24 degrees C. In addition, < 10% loss in protein C and factor IX activity was observed at 4 degrees C after treatment with < or = 6 mg of XLPVPI/mL for 20 min. Treatment of human serum with 6 mg of XLPVPI/mL at 4 degrees C and 8 mg of XLPVPI/mL at 24 degrees C for 5 min provided inactivation of > 5 logs of VSV.
 ...
PMID:Viral inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus in normal human serum by cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone. 838 59

Exposure of Aedes albopictus cells infected with Semliki Forest virus (SFV; Togaviridae) to mildly acidic pH (5.6) results in a dramatic increase in the host cell membrane permeability due to pore formation by the virus spike proteins. Identical results were obtained when the cells were infected with two other viruses, Sindbis virus (SIN, Togaviridae) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, Rhabdoviridae). This permeability change could also be observed on isolated virions of SFV, SIN and VSV by measuring the influx of propidium iodide, a nucleic acid-specific fluorescent marker, into the virions. This influx was dependent on the presence of the ectodomains of the viral spikes and could be hampered by zinc ions. Furthermore, haemagglutinin, a membrane protein of influenza A virus (Orthomyxoviridae), expressed in Aedes cells induced a change in membrane permeability identical to that induced by the spike proteins of SFV, SIN and VSV when exposed to low pH. Thus acid-induced membrane permeability changes produced by spike proteins of three different virus families could be demonstrated in infected cells as well as in virions. Therefore, the low pH-induced pore formation by viral spike proteins seems to be more than an event specific for togaviruses and might well be an inherent property of enveloped viruses that use the endocytotic pathway to infect a cell.
 ...
PMID:Low pH-induced pore formation by spike proteins of enveloped viruses. 900 93

Treatment of a protected 9-(5, 6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hex-5-ynofuranosyl)adenine derivative with silver nitrate and N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and deprotection gave the 6'-iodo acetylenic nucleoside analogue 3c. Halogenation of 3-O-benzoyl-5,6-dideoxy-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-ribo-hex-5-enofuranose gave 6-halo acetylenic sugars that were converted to anomeric 1,2-di-O-acetyl derivatives and coupled with 6-N-benzoyladenine. These intermediates were deprotected to give the 6'-chloro 3a, 6'-bromo 3b, and 6'-iodo 3c acetylenic nucleoside analogues. Iodo compound 3c appears to inactivate S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase by a type I ("cofactor depletion") mechanism since complete reduction of enzyme-bound NAD+ to NADH was observed and no release of adenine or iodide ion was detected. In contrast, incubation of the enzyme with the chloro 3a or bromo 3b analogues resulted in release of Cl- or Br- and Ade, as well as partial reduction of E-NAD+ to E-NADH. Compounds 3a, 3b, and 3c were inhibitory to replication of vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and reovirus-1 (3a < 3b < 3c, in order of increasing activity). The antiviral effects appear to correlate with type I mechanism-based inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. Mechanistic considerations are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Inactivation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and antiviral activity with 5',5',6',6'-tetradehydro-6'-deoxy-6'-halohomoadenosine analogues (4'-haloacetylene analogues derived from adenosine). 974 60

The effects of three representative disinfectants, chlorine (sodium hypochlorite), iodine (potassium tetraglicine triiodide), and quaternary ammonium compound (didecyldimethylammonium chloride), on several exotic disease viruses were examined. The viruses used were four enveloped viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus, African swine fever virus, equine viral arteritis virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) and two non-enveloped viruses (swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV)). Chlorine was effective against all viruses except SVDV at concentrations of 0.03% to 0.0075%, and a dose response was observed. Iodine was very effective against all viruses at concentrations of 0.015% to 0.0075%, but a dose response was not observed. Quaternary ammonium compound was very effective in low concentration of 0.003% against four enveloped viruses and AHSV, but it was only effective against SVDV with 0.05% NaOH. Electron microscopic observation revealed the probable mechanism of each disinfectant. Chlorine caused complete degeneration of the viral particles and also destroyed the nucleic acid of the viruses. Iodine destroyed mainly the inner components including nucleic acid of the viruses. Quaternary ammonium compound induced detachment of the envelope of the enveloped viruses and formation of micelle in non-enveloped viruses. According to these results, chlorine and iodine disinfectants were quite effective against most of the viruses used at adequately high concentration. The effective concentration of quaternary ammonium compound was the lowest among the disinfectants examined.
 ...
PMID:Effects of chlorine, iodine, and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on several exotic disease viruses. 1067 96

Radioactive iodine ((131)I) targets the thyroid gland and has been proven to play an effective role in the treatment of differentiated papillary and follicular cancers. Simultaneously, this radioisotope hones in on the salivary glands where it is concentrated and secreted into the saliva. Dose related damage to the salivary parenchyma results from the (131)I irradiation. Salivary gland swelling and pain, usually involving the parotid, can be seen. The symptoms may develop immediately after a therapeutic dose of (131)I and/or months later and progress in intensity with time. In conjunction with the radiation sialadenitis, secondary complications reported include xerostomia, taste alterations, infection, increases in caries, facial nerve involvement, stomatitis, candidiasis, and neoplasia. Prevention of the (131)I sialadenitis may involve the use of sialogogic agents to hasten the transit time of the radioactive iodine through the salivary glands. However, studies are not available to delineate the efficacy of this approach. Recently, amifostine has been advocated to prevent the effects of irradiation. Treatment of the varied complications that may develop encompass numerous approaches and include gland massage, sialogogic agents, duct probing, antibiotics, mouthwashes, good oral hygiene, and adequate hydration.
 ...
PMID:Radioactive iodine and the salivary glands. 1272 75


1 2 Next >>