Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of time, temperature, pH and stabilizers (i.e. medium) on inactivation of lipid-enveloped model viruses, Semliki Forest and vesicular stomatitis viruses in the production process of intravenous immunoglobulin were investigated on a laboratory scale. The lowering of pH, the raising of temperature and the increasing of incubation time improved the inactivation effect. However, small changes in pH and stabilizer concentrations did not influence the results. Inactivation was not linear and a clear tailing off could be seen. Therefore, for complete virus inactivation incubation times longer than 20 h are necessary. Inactivation took place much more rapidly in intravenous immunoglobulin solution than in intramuscular immunoglobulin solution. Processing steps such as freeze-dying in the presence of ethanol or storage of intramuscular immunoglobulin in the liquid state at pH7 only partially inactivated these viruses.
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PMID:Virus inactivation during intravenous immunoglobulin production. 132 53

Thirty-two patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and three patients with parotid gland carcinomas were treated with methotrexate 40 mg/m2 followed 1 h later by 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2. Treatments were repeated on day 8, then every 2 weeks, toxicity permitting. Of 30 evaluable patients with squamous cell carcinomas, 9 (30%) achieved a partial (8) or complete (1) remission. Performance status and prior treatment history appeared to affect the probability of response. The original site of the primary had no apparent effect on response rate. Six patients having objective tumor regression but less than the amount required for classification as partial remission all had marked symptomatic relief and had "response" durations and survivals quite comparable to those in patients achieving partial remission. One patient with a parotid gland carcinoma attained a complete remission, one had a minor response, and one refused to return for follow-up. Myelosuppression and stomatitis were dose-limiting in some patients, although the regimen was generally well tolerated. Three patients (9%) developed cerebellar toxicity, suggesting that prior ethanol abuse could possibly predispose to this side effect.
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PMID:Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of squamous and other carcinomas of the head and neck. 369 82

We report here the results of our evaluation of virus inactivation during the manufacturing steps of two intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) preparations. Virus inactivation and/or removal by processing steps, such as ethanol fractionation and polyethylene glycol precipitation, and deliberate virucidal steps, such as solvent/detergent treatment and pasteurization, were tested on a variety of human pathogenic and experimental model viruses, including human immunodeficiency, Hepatitis C, Mumps, Vaccinia, Chikungunya, Vesicular Stomatitis, Sindbis, and ECHO viruses. All viruses were successfully inactivated and/or eliminated by the processing steps studied. In some cases, however, multiple steps were required. We conclude that the incorporation of steps deliberately designed to inactivate or remove viruses during the production of IGIV provides an extra measure of viral safety.
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PMID:Inactivation and elimination of viruses during preparation of human intravenous immunoglobulin. 786 23

Short-term effects of ethanol on human amnion cells were investigated by studying the cellular signaling processes and the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. Treatment of human amniotic cells with ethanol transiently triggers the breakdown of inositol phospholipids, stimulates intracellular [Ca2+]i mobilization and activates the translocation of protein kinase C. Activation of this signal transduction mechanism is associated with the development of an antiviral state, as proven by studying 3H-uridine incorporation into the RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus. Induction of the antiviral state in human amniotic cells correlates with the solubility of the alcohols in the lipid membrane of the cells.
J Stud Alcohol 1994 Jul
PMID:Ethanol-induced signal transducing mechanism associated with a transient antiviral state in human amniotic cells. 793 58

Intravenous immunoglobulins and serum protein solutions are manufactured from human plasma pools of healthy, screened donors. A step-by-step validation of virus removal and/or inactivation was performed for the manufacturing process, which includes cold ethanol fractionation, beta-propiolactone (beta-PL) treatment, UV irradiation, thermal inactivation and other chemical and physical purification steps. The total viral clearance factors achieved for the entire manufacturing process were by several magnitudes greater than the potential virus load of current plasma pools. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infectivity was reduced by > 13.4 log for 7S immunoglobulin, > 15.3 log for IGM enriched immunoglobulin and > 16 log for a 5% serum protein solution. In addition, high clearance rate for a broad spectrum of model viruses was demonstrated for all three blood derivatives being > 23.2 to > 27.8 log for pseudo rabies virus (PSR), > 12.3 to > 22.6 log for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and 6.9-10.6 log for simian virus 40 (SV40). For the beta-propiolactone inactivation step Hepatitis C model viruses, e.g. equine arteritis virus (EAV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were also investigated.
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PMID:Validation of virus inactivation and removal for the manufacturing procedure of two immunoglobulins and a 5% serum protein solution treated with beta-propiolactone. 811 39

We report the case of a 41-year-old nonatopic women with a previous history of eczematous reaction due to hydrocortisone who suffered worsening of her perennial rhinitis in association with perinasal dermatitis from the use of budesonide in nasal spray form, and stomatitis and pharyngitis due to budesonide in a bronchial inhaler. Patch tests with a series of 25 corticosteroids, some of them at different concentrations and in different vehicles, were positive to tixocortol pivalate, hydrocortisone, budesonide, prednisolone, hydrocortisone butyrate propionate, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide. For some of them, a 1% solution in ethanol gave a positive reaction when a 20% mixture in petrolatum did not. Like other authors, we suggest that some multiple positives may represent sensitization to several steroids independently, true cross-reactions, or both, and that ethanol is a better vehicle than petrolatum.
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PMID:Cutaneous-mucosal allergic contact reaction due to topical corticosteroids. 860 67

Folk medicinal plants are potential sources of useful therapeutic compounds including some with antiviral activities. Extracts prepared from 10 South American medicinal plants (Baccharis trinervis, Baccharis teindalensis, Eupatorium articulatum, Eupatorium glutinosum, Tagetes pusilla, Neurolaena lobata, Conyza floribunda, Phytolacca bogotensis, Phytolacca rivinoides and Heisteria acuminata) were screened for in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex type I (HSV-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and poliovirus type 1. The most potent inhibition was observed with an aqueous extract of B. trinervis, which inhibited HSV-1 replication by 100% at 50-200 micrograms/mL, without showing cytotoxic effects. Good activities were also found with the ethanol extract of H. acuminata and the aqueous extract of E. articulatum, which exhibited antiviral effects against both DNA and RNA viruses (HSV-1 and VSV, respectively) at 125-250 micrograms/mL. The aqueous extracts of T. pusilla (100-250 micrograms/mL), B. teindalensis (50-125 micrograms/mL) and E. glutinosum (50-125 micrograms/mL) also inhibited the replication of VSV, but none of the extracts tested had any effect on poliovirus replication.
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PMID:Antiviral activity of some South American medicinal plants. 1019 Jan 89

Aqueous EtOH (80%) extracts of seven plants used by Rwandan traditional healers to treat infections, were screened for antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Only two of the selected plants showed a true antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, while all of them exhibited virucidal properties against several enveloped viruses including herpes simplex, measles, Semliki forest, and vesicular stomatitis viruses. Four plants were diversely active against gram-positive bacteria, two of these showing bactericidal effect against the acid-fast Mycobacterium fortuitum. None of the selected plants was active against gram-negative bacteria or the yeast Candida albicans. From a bioassay-guided fractionation procedure using herpes simplex virus type I as the target model, a virucidal mixture, the maesasaponin mixture A, was isolated from the MeOH extract of Maesa lanceolata. The maesasaponin mixture A exhibited a virucidal activity against herpes simplex types 1 and 2, and vesicular stomatitis viruses.
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PMID:Screening of seven selected Rwandan medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral activities. 1035 Mar 70

A water soluble substance was isolated from a Chinese herb, Prunella vulgaris, by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and gel permeation column chromatography. Chemical tests showed that the substance was an anionic polysaccharide. Using a plaque reduction assay, the polysaccharide at 100 microg/ml was active against the herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), but was inactive against cytomegalovirus, the human influenza virus types A and B, the poliovirus type 1 or the vesicular stomatitis virus. The 50% plaque reduction dose of the polysaccharide for HSV-1 and HSV-2 was 10 microg/ml. Clinical isolates and known acyclovir-resistant (TK-deficient or polymerase-defective) strains of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were similarly inhibited by the polysaccharide. Pre-incubation of HSV-1 with the polysaccharide at 4, 25 or 37 degrees C completely abrogated the infectivity of HSV-1, but pre-treatment of Vero cells with the polysaccharide did not protect cells from infection by the virus. The addition of the polysaccharide at 0, 2, 5.5 and 8 h post-infection of Vero cells with HSV-1 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of five reduced the 20 h-yield of intracellular infectious virus by 100, 99, 99 and 94%, respectively. In contrast, a similar addition of heparin showed 85, 63, 53 and 3% reduction of intracellular virus yield, respectively. These results suggest that the polysaccharide may inhibit HSV by competing for cell receptors as well as by some unknown mechanisms after the virus has penetrated the cells. The Prunella polysaccharide was not cytotoxic to mammalian cells up to the highest concentration tested, 0.5 mg/ml and did not show any anti-coagulant activity. In conclusion, the polysaccharide isolated from P. vulgaris has specific activity against HSV and its mode of action appears to be different from other anionic carbohydrates, such as heparin.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of an anti-HSV polysaccharide from Prunella vulgaris. 1058 32

Endoplasmic reticulum-resident cytochrome P450 enzymes that face the cytosol are present on the plasma membrane of hepatocytes, but the molecular origin for their transport to this compartment has until now remained unknown. The molecular basis for the transport of rat ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) to the plasma membrane was investigated by transfection of several different mutant cDNAs into mouse H2.35 hepatoma cells. Two NH(2)-terminal CYP2E1 mutants were constructed: N(++)2E1, which carried two positive charges in the NH(2) terminus, and 2C-2E1, in which the transmembrane domain of CYP2E1 was replaced with that of CYP2C1, which was previously described to cause retention of CYP2C1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as CYP2E1 COOH-terminally tagged with the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) epitope (2E1-VSV-G). Immunofluorescent microscopy and cell surface biotinylation experiments revealed that all CYP2E1 variants were present on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. The VSV-G epitope on CYP2E1 was detected on the outside of the plasma membrane using VSV-G-specific antibodies, indicating that the large COOH-terminal part of CYP2E1 is indeed exposed on the outside of the plasma membrane. The relative levels of CYP2E1, 2C-2E1, and 2E1-VSV-G on the cell surface were found to be about 2% of total cellular enzyme, whereas twice this amount of N(++)2E1 was recovered at the cell surface. Protease protection experiments performed on microsomes isolated from cDNA transfected cells revealed that a small fraction of CYP2E1 and all variant proteins was found to be located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (type II orientation), whereas the majority of the proteins were in the expected cytosolic or type I orientation. It is concluded that the NH(2)-terminal transmembrane domain of CYP2E1 plays a critical role in directing the protein to the cell surface and that topological inversion of a small fraction of CYP2E1 in the endoplasmic reticulum directs the protein to the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Molecular basis for the transport of cytochrome P450 2E1 to the plasma membrane. 1074 72


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