Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Amsacrine and high-dose cytarabine (HiDAc), when administered as single agents, are effective treatment of acute leukemia. When used in combination, a high remission rate is also possible. We treated 47 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with a combination of amsacrine and HiDAc. The patients received amsacrine 200 mg/m2 daily for three days and, concurrently, HiDAc 3 g/m2 over three hours once daily for five days. Of 20 evaluable patients with AML in relapse, there were 12 remissions; of seven additional patients with primary refractory AML, there were two remissions, and of 12 patients with ALL in relapse, there were eight remissions. The three patients with blastic phase CML and the three patients with biphenotypic leukemia did not respond. Nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, hepatic dysfunction, and diarrhea were common, but cutaneous, conjunctival, and significant cerebellar and cerebral side effects were absent. We conclude that this regimen is highly effective therapy for AML and ALL and is also safe, eliminating the major toxicities encountered with HiDAc.
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PMID:A new regimen of amsacrine with high-dose cytarabine is safe and effective therapy for acute leukemia. 354 13

A phase II pilot study of amsacrine in refractory adult acute leukemia was conducted by the Southeastern Cancer Study Group from May 1979 to August 1980. Amsacrine, 90 mg/m2, was given daily for 5-8 days to 45 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, 15 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and six patients with blastic transformation of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Of the 66 patients entered in the study, 59 (89%) were evaluable for response. Complete remissions were observed in eight of 41 evaluable patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (20%) and in three of 12 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (25%). Remissions were short-lived (median, 7.9 weeks; range, 2-27). Toxic effects included the expected myelosuppression (100%), as well as moderate to severe stomatitis (46%), hyperbilirubinemia (30%), and supraventricular tachycardia (1.5%). This cooperative group pilot study confirms previous reports from single institutions that amsacrine is a useful drug in the treatment of refractory adult acute leukemia and is worthy of further study.
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PMID:Amsacrine in refractory adult acute leukemia: a pilot study of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group. 658 70

Thirty-two patients with relapsed or resistant acute leukaemia were treated with m-AMSA at doses ranging from 50-150 mg/m2 daily for 5 days. Complete remission was achieved in three of 18 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia, two of nine patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and none of five patients with blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia. The complete remissions all occurred at doses of 100 mg/m2 per day or above. Haematological toxicity occurred in all patients and was dose-related. Nausea and vomiting were mild and easily controlled. Alopecia was uncommon at the lower doses but occurred in all patients receiving the higher doses. Stomatitis was noted in only 8% of courses at 50 mg/m2 but was seen in 50% of courses at 150 mg/m2. Mild and transient elevations of liver enzymes were common. m-AMSA is an active drug in acute leukaemia, with acceptable toxicity. Its place in combination chemotherapy is now being explored.
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PMID:A phase I and II study of m-AMSA in acute leukaemia. 694 78