Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Murine bone-marrow-culture-derived-macrophages can be differentially activated to lyse either vesicular stomatitis virus infected BALB/c3T3 cells or the tumor target P815. Macrophages were activated in a manner so that they could lyse both targets. The ability of this activated population to lyse either target type was differentially inhibited by varying the assay conditions. The lysis of P815 targets was more sensitive to inhibition by the proteinase inhibitor N-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone than was the lysis of virally infected cells. On the other hand, reduction of the concentration of glucose in the assay medium, which inhibits the production of oxygen metabolites by the hexose monophosphate shunt, or the addition of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) serum were able to decrease the lysis of virally infected targets but not P815 targets. Thus, the observed differences in the lysis of these two targets were due to both the activation state of the macrophages and the differential susceptibility of the targets to different effector mechanisms.
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PMID:Activated macrophages use different cytolytic mechanisms to lyse a virally infected or a tumor target. 216 99

The role of oxygen metabolites in mediating virucidal activity was studied in two cloned macrophage-like cell lines. The parental cell line, J774.16, upon appropriate stimulation with either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or aggregated immunoglobulin, is induced to oxidize glucose via the hexose monophosphate shunt and produce O2- and H2O2. A variant derived from it, clone C3C, is defective in oxidative metabolism and cannot be stimulated to produce O2- or H2O2. Significant differences in yields of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) between stimulated clone 16 cells and unstimulated cells could be obtained only when low multiplicities were used for infection. Under the same conditions, PMA stimulation of the variant clone C3C produced no reduction in yields. The effect of PMA on virus yields in clone 16 was short-lived and dose dependent. PMA stimulation of either cell line had no effect on the number of infectious centers, suggesting that the antiviral effect was likely to be an extracellular, rather than an intracellular, one. Using glucose oxidase plus aglucose to generate H2O2 in solution, we observed that H2O2 alone is capable of killing limited amounts of VSV. The inactivation of VSV, both by H2O2 in solution and by activated clone 16 cells, could be inhibited by catalase. We conclude that intracellular resistance to VSV is primarily mediated through nonoxidative mechanisms, since activated macrophages can kill only a limited number of infectious virus particles extracellularly by means of secreted H2O2.
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PMID:Role of macrophage oxidative metabolism in resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus infection. 628 44

The effect of 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-mannose (4F-Man), a synthetic analog of D-mannose, on the synthesis of the glycoprotein (G) of vesicular stomatitis virus was examined. Nearly confluent monolayers of cultured BHK21 cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus were incubated for 2 h with 4F-Man (0-10 mM) or for 1 h with tunicamycin (2 micrograms/ml) and then pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine or [3H]glucosamine. After a 90-min chase period, the cells were lysed and the viral proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The 35S-labeled G protein from cells exposed to greater than or equal to 1 mM 4F-Man migrated more rapidly than G protein isolated from control cells and with the same electrophoretic mobility as the glycoprotein produced by cells treated with tunicamycin. When infected cells were labeled with [3H]glucosamine, little or no radioactivity was associated with G protein synthesized in the presence of greater than or equal to 1 mM 4F-Man. The conclusion that 4F-Man blocks the glycosylation of the G protein was supported by experiments which demonstrated that the fluorosugar inhibits the synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides.
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PMID:4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-mannose inhibits the glycosylation of the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. 669 73