Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of unnatural 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluorobenzenes having a variety of C-5 two-carbon substituents [-C...C-X, X = I, Br; -C...CH; (E)-CH=CH-X, X = I, Br; -CH=CH2; -CH2CH3; -CH(N3) CH2Br], designed as nucleoside mimics, were synthesized for evaluation as anticancer and antiviral agents. The 5-substituted (E)-CH=CH-I and -CH2CH3 compounds exhibited negligible cytotoxicity in a MTT assay (CC50 = 10(-3) to 10(-4)M range), relative to thymidine (CC50 = 10(-3) to 10(-5)M range), against a variety of cancer cell lines. In contrast, the C-5 substituted -C...C-I and -CH(N3)CH2Br compounds were more cytotoxic (CC50 = 10(-5) to 10(-6)M range). The -C...C-I and -CH2CH3 compounds exhibited similar cytotoxicity against non-transfected (KBALB, 143B) and HSV-1 TK+ gene transfected (KBALB-STK, 143B-LTK) cancer cell lines expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase gene (TK+). This observation indicates that expression of the viral TK enzyme did not provide a gene therapeutic effect. The parent group of 5-substituted compounds, that were evaluated using a wide variety of antiviral assay systems [HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human immunodeficiency (HIV-1, HIV-2) viruses], showed that this class of unnatural C-aryl nucleoside mimics are inactive and/or weakly active antiviral agents.
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PMID:Synthesis of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluoro-5-substituted-benzenes: "thymine replacement" analogs of thymidine for evaluation as anticancer and antiviral agents. 1130 62

A group of unnatural 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluorobenzenes having a variety of C-5 substituents (H, Me, F, Cl, Br, I, CF3, CN, NO2, NH2), designed as thymidine mimics, were synthesized for evaluation as anticancer and antiviral agents. The coupling reaction of 3,5-bis-O-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl chloride with an organocadmium reagent [(2,4-difluorophenyl)2Cd] afforded a mixture of the alpha- and beta-anomeric products (alpha:beta = 3:1 to 10:1 ratio). Treatment of the alpha-anomer with BF3.Et2O in nitroethane at 110-120 degrees C for 30 min was developed as an efficient method for epimerization of the major alpha-anomer to the desired beta-anomer. The 5-substituted (H, Me, Cl, I, NH2) beta-anomers exhibited negligible cytotoxicity in a MTT assay (CC50 = 10(-3)-10(-4) M range), relative to thymidine (CC50 = 10(-3)-10(-5) M range), against a variety of cancer cell lines. In contrast, the 5-NO2 derivative was more cytotoxic (CC50 = 10(-5)-10(-6) M range). A number of 5-substituted beta-anomers, and some related alpha-anomers, that were evaluated using a wide variety of antiviral assay systems [HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV-1, HIV-2) viruses], showed that this class of unnatural C-aryl nucleoside mimics are inactive antiviral agents.
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PMID:Synthesis of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluoro-5-substituted-benzene thymidine mimics, some related alpha-anomers, and their evaluation as antiviral and anticancer agents. 1130 57

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection is characterized by chronic overactivation of immune and inflammatory system, resulting in anergic state and dysfunction of immune cells. Lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein present in exocrine secretions and neutrophils, plays an important role in host defense system. Our previous study showed that oral administration of bovine LF (bLF) suppressed oral inflammation, improved the clinical symptoms and decreased serum gamma-globulin as a marker of inflammation in FIV-infected cats with intractable stomatitis. The anti-inflammatory effect was partly involved in regulation of neutrophil function by bLF. In this study, to clarify the relationship between anti-inflammatory effects of bLF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we examined the effect of bLF on proliferation, cell cycle progression and cytokine expression in mitogen-activated PBMC. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay showed that bLF inhibited the concanavalin A (ConA)-induced cell proliferation in FIV-infected cats with the asymptomatic carrier and AIDS-related complex (ARC) phase. Bovine LF restored ConA-induced cell cycle progression and resulted in suppression of the induced apoptosis in feline PBMC. Real-time RT-PCR showed that bLF suppressed ConA-induced expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in cells of the ARC group regardless of the time of its addition to the medium. These results suggest the hypothesis that therapy with bLF may have the potential to improve and protect functions of overactivated lymphocytes by modulating the cell proliferation, cell cycle and cytokines expression in cats in terminal stage of FIV infection.
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PMID:Effect of bovine lactoferrin on functions of activated feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infection. 1852 62

Difficulties in repairing the defects of the teeth are related with allergic-inflammatory, traumatic and dystrophic complications arising from the interaction of the foreign body with the mucous tissues of the oral cavity after the patient's prosthesis is established. The aim of our study was to establish the toxic pro-inflammatory activity of materials used for the manufacturing of bases of removable dentures - plastics based on polymethylmethacrylate prosthetic complexes Prothyl Hot, Ftorax and Perflex Flexi Nylon on the model of human leukemia transformed T cells (Jurkat cells) and MDCK cells. For the cells simulation Jurkat and MDCK cells was incubated with the components of prosthetic materials, Prothyl Hot, Ftorax and Perflex Flexi Nylon/ Prosthetic materials were added to the incubation medium at the doses used in practice (calculated at 106 cells); duration of incubation was 24 hours. A comparative assessment of the toxicity of prosthetic materials was determined by the MTT test (activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases). Statistical analysis was carried out using the package (SPSS version 11.0). The statistical reliability of the difference between the indices was evaluated by the Student t test (the P <0.05 level was considered reliable). The results of the conducted studies testify to the absence of toxicity of the complexes Prothyl Hot, Ftorax and Perflex Flexi Nylon, used as a basis of circuit prostheses, on intact Jurkat and MDCK cells, as evidenced by the stability of their mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Based on the analysis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded, that as Jurkat and MDCK cells are used as models of immune and epithelial cells, the materials used for manufacturing of removable prostheses, the polymethylmethacrylate-based plastics (Prothyl Hot and Ftorax) and elastic thermoplastic polymer material Perflex Flexi Nylon, are not toxic. Studied materials, with the high probability, are not capable to cause massive death of immune cells, development of allergic or inflammatory damages, which in turn can stat cause the development of stomatitis and gingivitis, the destruction of the paradental tissue.
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PMID:[EVALUATION OF THE COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF VARIOUS MATERIALS FOR DENTAL PROSTHETICS ON CELL CULTURE MODELS]. 3020 92

Considering the challenge to control Candida-associated denture stomatitis, the search for antifungal substances derived from natural sources has become a trend in the literature. In this study the following effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides extract (CAE) were investigated: action against biofilms of Candida albicans, its cytotoxic potential, and changes caused in acrylic resin. The CAE was characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The susceptibility of C. albicans to CAE was investigated by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MIC and MFC) tests. Acrylic resin disks were fabricated, and C. albicans biofilms were developed on these for 48 h. Afterward the disks were immersed for 10 min in: PBS (Negative Control); 1% Sodium Hypochlorite (1% SH, Positive Control) or CAE at MIC or 5xMIC. The biofilms were investigated relative to counts and metabolic activity. The cytotoxic potential in keratinocytes and fibroblasts was verified by MTT test. Change in color and roughness of the acrylic resin was analyzed after 28 days of immersion in CAE. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA considering a 5% level of significance. The main compounds detected by HPLC were kaempferol and quercetin. Both MIC and MFC obtained the value of 0.25 mg/mL. The MIC was sufficient to significantly reduce the counts and activity of the biofilm cells (p < 0.0001), while 5xMIC resulted in almost complete eradication, similar to 1% SH. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to the MIC and 5xMIC presented cell viability similar to that of the Control Group (p > 0.05). No important changes in acrylic resin color and roughness were detected, even after 28 days. It could be concluded that the immersion of acrylic resin in C. ambrosioides extract in its minimum inhibitory concentration was effective for the reduction of C. albicans biofilms without any evidence of cytotoxic effects or changes in roughness and color of this substrate.
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PMID:Anti-biofilm Action of Chenopodium ambrosioides Extract, Cytotoxic Potential and Effects on Acrylic Denture Surface. 3145 53

This study was conducted to determine whether nature-derived Reynoutria elliptica extracts exhibit biocompatibility and antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Fine particles of Reynoutria elliptica extract were used to probe for biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity toward these pathogens, and results were evaluated with an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, spectrophotometric growth inhibitory assay, the total number of colony-forming units (CFU), an agar disk diffusion test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, UV/VIS spectroscopy was used to determine the levels of flavonoid and polyphenol in experimental solutions. Several experimental groups showed cell viability higher than 70%, and the antimicrobial activity toward both S. mutans and C. albicans was significantly higher than was that seen for the control group. In CFU and agar disk diffusion tests with C. albicans, increases in the concentration of Reynoutria elliptica extract led to significantly increased antimicrobial effects. Additionally, SEM results showed that Reynoutria elliptica extract changed the morphology and density of S. mutans and C. albicans. The results of this research can be applied to the use of Reynoutria elliptica extracts for the development of oral products that are biologically friendly and can control oral diseases such as dental caries and candida-associated denture stomatitis.
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PMID:Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Activity of Reynoutria elliptica Extract for Dental Application. 3246 20