Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with a combination of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) and bleomycin by infusion. cis-DDP at a dose of 3 mg/kg with mannitol and prehydration was given on Day 1. On Day 3, bleomycin was started as a 10--15-unit/m2 loading dose followed by a 10--15-unit/m2 24-hour infusion for 4--7 days. Three groups of patients were treated: group 1 (no clinical evidence of metastatic disease) included 25 patients, all with no prior therapy; group 2 (measurable metastatic disease) included 13 patients, eight previously treated with surgery and/or radiation; group 3 (known nonmeasurable metastatic disease) included nine patients, all previously treated with surgery and/or radiation and/or chemotherapy. A second course of therapy was given on Day 28 to groups 2 and 3, and as soon after surgery as possible in group 1. Nineteen percent of patients had complete or partial responses with another 44% having minor regressions. Toxic effects were mainly renal effects, alopecia, nausea and vomiting, and stomatitis. There were two drug-related deaths. The combination of cis-DDP and bleomycin is useful in the treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) and bleomycin in the treatment of esophageal carcinomas. 8 Feb 69

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is still the mainstay of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A prolonged infusion of 5-FU is more active than any other schedule of 5-FU used to date. Cisplatin does not improve treatment results compared with 5-FU alone and is not recommended outside clinical trials. Biomodulation of 5-FU is a major step forward in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients and as the standard chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Two schedules of folinic acid daily for 5-day (low and high doses) and weekly high dose in combination with daily or weekly 5-FU are the most widely used schedules. Although the response rates to either schedule are comparable, the profile of toxicity is different, being stomatitis for the daily schedule and diarrhea for the weekly schedule as the dose-limiting toxicity. Modulation of 5-FU by methotrexate is time dependent. An interval of 24 hours between methotrexate and 5-FU is necessary for effective modulation. Other modulators, like interferon and N-phosphonoactyl-L-aspartate (PALA), are promising treatment options currently under investigation in randomized trials. The data from phase II and III trials using modulation of 5-FU by folinic acid, PALA, or methotrexate, or using continuous infusion 5-FU indicate that all of these strategies are active. Randomized trials are currently underway to further investigate these therapeutic approaches and whether a specific modulation offers more therapeutic advantages.
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PMID:Chemotherapeutic strategies in metastatic colorectal cancer: an overview of current clinical trials. 137 4

60 patients with advanced carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx underwent chemotherapy, either with 5-FU/Cisplatin (n = 30) or with 5-FU/Carboplatin (n = 30). The remission-rates (complete and partial remissions) were comparable in both groups. The rate of complete remissions, however, was statistically significant higher in the cisplatinum group (6 patients) than in the carboplatinum group (1 patient). 2 patients of the 5-FU/Cis-group and 4 patients of the 5-FU/Carbo-group developed a progressive disease during chemotherapy. Statistically significant differences were found in the nephrotoxic and myelotoxic side effects between both therapy groups: nephrotoxic side effects were more frequent in the 5-FU/Cis-group, whereas myelotoxic side effects occurred mainly in the 5-FU/Carbo-group. The chemotherapy with 5-FU/Carboplatin was better tolerated by the patients than in the 5-FU/Cisplatinum-group. In the 5-FU/Carbo-group especially a lower rate and severity of loss in weight, nausea, vomiting, alopecia and mucositis/stomatitis was observed. No statistically significant differences were found in ototoxic side effects between both groups.
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PMID:[Antineoplastic effectiveness and unwanted side effects of polychemotherapy of extensive oro- and hypopharyngeal cancers--results of a prospective therapy study with 5-FU/cisplatin versus 5-FU/carboplatin]. 161 47

Seventy-two patients with advanced resectable head and cancer received two courses of induction chemotherapy before definitive therapy. Forty-six patients were treated with platinol, Oncovin (vincristine), and bleomycin. Twenty-six received Platinol (cisplatin), Velban (vinblastine), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Although both regimens had an overall response rate of 80% or more, the bleomycin-containing regimen had a higher complete response rate and better long-term disease control, with greater than 60% probability of remaining disease-free (36 month minimum follow-up). As given in this regimen, the 5-FU regimen was well tolerated but had a higher incidence of stomatitis and a low rate of complete responses. When the two regimens were compared to a historical control, the regimen with Platinol, Oncovin, and bleomycin was significantly better.
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PMID:Induction therapy in head and neck cancer. A comparison of two regimens. 241 92

Methotrexate, Cisplatin, and Vinblastine (MCV) was followed by Cisplatin plus radiation therapy in 19 patients with muscle-invading clinical Stage T2-4NXM0 transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (including cystectomy candidates), to achieve local control and prevent distant metastases. Radical cystectomy was recommended for all patients who failed to reach a complete response (CR = biopsy negative and cytology not positive) following MCV and Cisplatin X 2 plus 4000 cGy. Completely responding patients, and those partially responding patients unsuited for cystectomy, were selected for bladder conservation treated with additional irradiation to the bladder tumor volume (total 6,480 cGy) plus one additional Cisplatin treatment. Dose reductions were required for stomatitis in 26%, mild bone marrow depression in 58%, and renal toxicity in 5% of the patients. During the Cisplatin/4000 cGy, mild dysuria occurred in 68% of patients and 36% had mild bowel hyperactivity. Serious complications have occurred in two patients to date. One patient had recurrent pulmonary emboli, marked reduction in bladder capacity, and diarrhea. A second had bladder perforation during cystoscopic evaluation after MCV and a small bowel obstruction after Cisplatin and 4000 cGy. There was no treatment-related sepsis. Three patients had initial complete transurethral resection of their tumors and therefore 16 patients are evaluable for tumor responsiveness to this protocol. Four patients (25%) were biopsy negative and cytology negative, whereas three additional patients (19%) were biopsy negative but cytology positive following initial MCV. Six patients (38%) were biopsy negative and cytology negative whereas three additional patients (19%) were biopsy negative and cytology positive following MCV and Cisplatin X 2 plus 4000 cGy pelvic radiation. Of the entire group, 9 patients were treated with full-dose radiotherapy. All of these patients are alive without evidence of tumor on rebiopsy of the original tumor site, but one has a persistent positive cytology. Seven patients had a radical cystectomy and 6 are disease free. The treatment of 3 patients deviated from the protocol. Overall, only one patient has developed distant metastases and currently 84% of the patients are disease-free, although follow-up is short. To date, this feasibility study has been clinically practical and well tolerated. The proportion of CR's suggests that this program may prove to be an organ-sparing and curative approach for a significant number of patients, but more experience and follow-up are required.
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PMID:Invasive bladder carcinoma: preliminary report of selective bladder conservation by transurethral surgery, upfront MCV (methotrexate, cisplatin, and vinblastine) chemotherapy and pelvic irradiation plus cisplatin. 318 28

The combination of cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by continuous infusion (1 g/m2/day for 5 days) has been reported to produce a high response rate as neoadjuvant therapy for advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer. We sought to improve the response rate by increasing the dose of 5-FU to 1.5 g/m2/day and 2.0 g/m2/day with allopurinol modulation to reduce toxicity. The overall response rate in the 30 patients who received three courses of chemotherapy was 100% with a 50% complete response (CR) rate. A 50% CR rate was observed in patients with T3 (six of 12) and N3 (four of eight) disease. Six patients (four with CR) did not complete subsequent treatment as planned. Seven of 11 (63.6%) chemotherapy complete responders and three of 12 (25%) partial responders (one lost to follow-up) who received all planned treatment are free of disease. The major toxicity encountered was stomatitis (severe in 32%) followed by leukopenia. The maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU in this combination with allopurinol protection was 1.5 g/m2/day. Cisplatin plus high dose 5-FU does not appear to be associated with a higher CR rate than that reported with conventional doses of 5-FU and is more toxic.
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PMID:Neoadjuvant therapy for advanced head and neck cancer with allopurinol-modulated high dose 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. A phase I-II study. 356 49

Synchronously administered cis-platinum (cis-DDP) and radiation therapy have been used to treat unresectable squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of preoperative adjuvant cis-DDP plus radiation therapy in operable stage III and IV head and neck cancers. Radiation therapy (4,500 rad) was delivered in 180-rad daily fractions. Cis-DDP (20 mg/M2) was given before radiotherapy on days 1-4 and 21-24. Eighteen patients began therapy; 16 completed the combined regimen. Toxicity included stomatitis and WBC below 2,500/mm3. One patient died from therapy of a cerebrovascular accident. Sixteen patients (89%) achieved a complete or partial response to therapy. Complete responses were observed in 13 of 18 primary tumors (72%), and in all three patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. Complete responses were noted for lesions of the nasopharynx, oral cavity, pharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx, for all histologic grades of squamous cell carcinoma. Twelve patients underwent curative surgery. Site-related morbidity occurred in two patients (15%) and a third patient developed postoperative pneumonia. Five of 10 resected primary tumors with preoperative complete responses were pathologically negative for tumor. Concurrent bolus cis-DDP and radiation therapy are well-tolerated and result in impressive tumor reduction. Morbidity after subsequent curative surgery is low, and histologic complete responses are frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preoperative simultaneously administered cis-platinum plus radiation therapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 374 47

In patients who have locally advanced and inoperable head and neck cancer, the achievement of initial local control (complete response) of the disease with initial definitive treatment with radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy, is an important prognostic factor for overall survival. Cisplatin 100 mg/M2-intravenously (IV) with hydration and mannitol diuresis was given every 3 weeks for three doses concurrently with definitive radiotherapy (followed by salvage surgery [if possible] for persistent disease) was activated by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) in 1981. One hundred thirty-four patients were initially registered and 124 were eligible and analyzed for this report. Eighty-two percent of the patients had Stage IV disease and greater than 50% of the primary sites were in oropharynx (39%), nasopharynx (22%), and oral cavity (18%). Eighty-seven percent of the patients are known to have finished the planned RT greater than 6450 cGy and 60% received three courses of cisplatin. Overall, 60% finished the planned combined treatment. Complete response to initial treatment occurred in 69% and an additional one patient (1%) was rendered disease-free after radical node dissection. Severe toxicities were as follows: leukopenia, 11%; anemia, 8%; nausea and vomiting, 6%; stomatitis, 31%; and renal, 6%. One toxic death occurred when a nephrotoxic antibiotic was administered at the same time. All patients were evaluated for total disease and survival regardless of compliance to the treatment or the cause of death. At 1 year, an estimated 51% of the patients had their disease totally controlled and an estimated 66% were alive. Incidence of initial complete response by various patient characteristics also were analyzed. The authors concluded that the combination of cisplatin and radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment in patients with advanced head and neck cancer and needs to be tested against radiotherapy alone.
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PMID:Concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy with cisplatin in inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. An RTOG Study. 380 13

One of the most active chemotherapeutic regimens for treatment of advanced and recurrent head and neck cancer is cisplatin (CACP) + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion with a response rate of 90% in advanced, previously untreated patients and 70% in patients with recurrent disease. Forty-four patients from two Wayne State University-affiliated hospitals were entered into a randomized trial of CACP (100 mg/m2) day 1 and 24-hour infusion of 5-FU (1000 mg/m2) days 1 through 4 versus CACP (100 mg/m2) day 1 and bolus 5-FU (600 mg/m2) day 1 and day 8. Thirty-eight patients were evaluable for three induction courses. Response for the infusion arm was 72% (4/18 complete response [CR] + 9/18 partial response [PR]). Response for the bolus arm was 20% (2/20 CR + 2/20 PR). The difference in response was statistically significant by chi-square analysis (P less than 0.01). Seventy percent of the patients on the bolus arm experienced leukopenia with several episodes of grades 3 and 4 leukopenia. In addition, 50% of the patients on the bolus arm experienced thrombocytopenia. Stomatitis was more frequent on the infusion arm but it was mild and reversible. The complete responders on either arm have a median survival of 120+ weeks; partial responders, 30 weeks. Cisplatin + 5-FU infusion produces a superior response as initial chemotherapy for three courses compared with CACP and 5-FU bolus.
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PMID:A randomized trial of cisplatin (CACP) + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion and CACP + 5-FU bolus for recurrent and advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 390 99

The coordination compound cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) was shown by Rosenberg et al. (17) to exhibit antitumour activity. Several authors have indicated limited virustatic properties of cis-DDP against bacterial, oncogenic, avipox and paramyxo viruses. In our investigations, cis-DDP significantly showed an antiviral action in vitro against enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, such as vaccinia, pseudorabies, herpes simplex type 1, Newcastle disease, influenza A/fowl plague, influenza A/Victoria 3/75, influenza A/Jena 48/78, influenza B/Johannesburg and vesicular stomatitis viruses. Out of the group of nonenveloped viruses, adenovirus type 4 and 5 were inhibited, whereas no inhibition against naked cardiovirus Mengo could be estimated. The antiviral action was proved against extracellular virus by dialysis experiments with vaccinia virus and also during the replication cycles of enveloped viruses. In trials with cell-free viruses the plaque reduction of all sensitive viruses mentioned above amounted to 100 per cent in comparison to the untreated controls caused by virus inactivation with loss of infectivity in contact with several concentrations of cis-DDP. On the other hand, the addition of the compound for one hour only immediately after infection or up to 8 hrs later produced a complete depression of further multiplication of vaccinia virus. Likewise, the replication of influenza virus A/FPV or VSV was inhibited whereas the multiplication of adenoviruses was not influenced in a comparable manner.
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PMID:[On the biological action of transition metal complexes. 3. About the antiviral activity of cis-dichloro diammine platinum (II) (author's transl)]. 627 96


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