Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitoxantrone was evaluated in a multi-institution trial to define the effective dose for treating acute leukemia, to evaluate its toxicity, and to assess the induction rates for the different types of acute leukemia. Fifty-seven patients have been treated. Of the 24 patients receiving mitoxantrone (10 mg/m2/day X 5), one of nine with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in relapse, one of five with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse, and one of seven with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia achieved remission. At a dose of 12 mg/m2/day X 5, seven of 16 patients with ANLL in relapse, none of six with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse, and one of five with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia achieved remission. At both dose levels, there was no response in patients who had failed to achieve a prior remission. Toxic effects included nausea/vomiting, stomatitis, and hepatic dysfunction. Nine of the 57 patients treated experienced cardiac events but cardiac toxicity seemed clinically significant in only three. We conclude that mitoxantrone, at a dose of 12 mg/m2/day X 5, is effective therapy for ANLL. Trials combining mitoxantrone with other agents are needed.
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PMID:Phase I-II trial of mitoxantrone in acute leukemia. 385 86

Forty patients with relapsing acute leukaemias were treated with aclacinomycin A (aclarubicin, ACM), 25 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 7 days. Twenty-nine patients with acute myeloid (AML) and five with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) leukaemia were evaluable. The overall response rate was 29.5%. Eight complete (CR) and one partial (PR) remissions were achieved in AML (31%). A high CR rate was induced in patients treated at first relapse without prior reinduction (6/12 patients). A small proportion of leukaemias resistant to daunorubicin or doxorubicin responded to ACM (3/17 patients). Median remission duration was 5.5 months (range: 2-9 months). The most common toxic effects were nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and diarrhoea. Acute cardiotoxic effects were documented in three patients. Congestive cardiomyopathy was not observed despite prior treatment with anthracyclines. We conclude that the present dose scheduling of ACM is effective in the treatment of relapsing AML and that it should be introduced in combined chemotherapy in phase III trials to compare its activity to that of daunorubicin or doxorubicin.
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PMID:Aclarubicin (aclacinomycin A) in the treatment of relapsing acute leukaemias. 386 84

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone), is an anthracenedione which in preclinical studies demonstrated a spectrum of antitumor activity similar to the anthracyclines, but with less cardiotoxicity. Novantrone is a cytotoxic agent that produces dose-dependent myelosuppression. When administered to patients intravenously every three weeks, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet nadirs occurred between days 8 and 15 with hematologic recovery by day 22. In multiple clinical trials in over 4450 patients, including 372 patients in randomized trials against Adriamycin, Novantrone was consistently associated with a reduced incidence of moderate and severe acute side-effects. In four randomized trials the adverse experience profile associated with Novantrone was superior to that of Adriamycin with statistically significant lower incidences of mucositis/stomatitis, nausea, vomiting and alopecia. Novantrone was less cardiotoxic than Adriamycin and cardiac events were rare in patients without predisposing risk factors. The high level of activity combined with improved patient tolerance and decreased toxicity make Novantrone a promising agent for patients requiring cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone: an overview of safety and toxicity. 389 76

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) is an anthraquinone previously shown to be active in human breast cancer. It appears to have less toxicity than doxorubicin. Results of this phase II-III randomized cross-over trial to determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of mitoxantrone in comparison to doxorubicin, are presented. Patients with measurable, recurrent breast cancer with limited prior chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for metastatic disease, and who had not been exposed to prior doxorubicin, were randomized to receive either mitoxantrone or doxorubicin every three weeks with cross-over on progression. Response rates, duration of remission, time to treatment failure, and drug toxicity, including cardiac toxicity evaluated with serial radionuclide angiocardiography, were evaluated. Differences in the response rates for the two groups were not statistically significant. Neither time to treatment failure nor duration of response are significantly different (p greater than 0.05). With respect to toxicity, mitoxantrone treated patients consistently exhibited a lower incidence and less severe drug toxicity as compared to their doxorubicin-treated counterparts. Cardiac toxicity was carefully monitored and thus four patients on doxorubicin have had drug related congestive heart failure, as compared to none on mitoxantrone. In summary, mitoxantrone appears to be as active as doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy; however, mitoxantrone causes significantly less nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and alopecia at doses which induce equal or greater myelosuppression than doxorubicin, and appears to be less cardiotoxic.
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PMID:A randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone with doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer. 389 78

A Phase II study of UFT for head and neck cancer was conducted in 10 institutions. UFT is a mixture of Futraful and uracil. Eighty-four patients entered this trial, of which 60 were evaluable. UFT was administered orally at a daily dose of 600 mg/day. Eight patients achieved complete response and 10 achieved partial response with an over-all response rate of 30.0 %. Evaluating response according to by histology, the response rate was 30.9% for cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Complete response was observed in one case of undifferentiated carcinoma. Response rate according to primary site was 33 to 40% for the nose & paranasal sinuses, mesopharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. The response rate was 28.9% for the group of patients treated previously, and 33.3% for the group previously untreated. The mean time for 50% or more regression of the tumor was 4.3 weeks. Toxic effects appeared in 40.3% of 67 evaluable cases as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea etc. In one case of maxillary carcinoma, severe bone marrow suppression was observed. We concluded that UFT therapy was markedly effective for head and neck cancer.
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PMID:[Phase II study of UFT for head and neck cancer]. 392 39

Eighteen patients with advanced malignancies refractory to other forms of treatment were given dactinomycin (Act D) as continuous intravenous infusions. Their median age was 51 years (range, 36-67); their median performance status was 50 (range, 40-90) on the Karnofsky scale. Act D was administered continuously for 5 days, utilizing a central venous line and a perfusion pump. The starting dose was 0.1 mg/m2/24 hours X 5 days (total dose, 0.5 mg/m2) and was escalated according to a modified Fibonacci scale to 0.2, 0.33, and 0.5 mg/m2/24 hours X 5 days, respectively. Three, three, four, and eight patients were entered, respectively, in each dose level. Toxicities observed were: leukopenia in four patients (nadir leukocyte count less than 1000 cells/nm3 in one patient and 2000-3000 cells/mm3 in 3 patients); thrombocytopenia, with nadir platelet counts between 50,000 and 100,000 platelets/mm3 in 2 patients; stomatitis in four patients; and nausea in three patients. Vomiting was not observed during the infusions. Two patients may have had a radiation recall phenomenon. Blood count depression, nausea, and mucositis were transient, resolving after a few days. One patient at level IV died of sepsis, which was diagnosed on the fourth day of the infusion, before leukopenia intervened. No objective responses were seen. It was concluded that a higher dose of Act D can be given by continuous infusion than by a bolus injection; the authors recommended 0.5 mg/m2/day X 5 days (total dose, 2.5 mg/m2) for further studies.
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PMID:A phase I trial of dactinomycin intravenous infusion in patients with advanced malignancies. 400 96

Fourteen previously treated patients with relapsed or refractory poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were given chemotherapy regimens containing high doses of cytosine arabinoside alone (seven patients) or with an anthracycline or amsacrine (seven patients). Five patients achieved a complete remission and two patients had a partial remission. The durations of remission, however, were short (median, 3 months; range, 2-6 months). Toxicities included conjunctivitis, photophobia, stomatitis, dermatitis, cerebellar dysfunction, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver dysfunction, and severe myelosuppression. Recovery of an absolute granulocyte count greater than 500/microliter and an untransfused platelet count greater than 20,000/microliter required a median of 31 (range, 28-35) and 30 (range, 27-43) days, respectively. Six patients died with recurrent or residual disease before bone marrow recovery. Younger age, good performance status, and a previous complete remission were predictive of a good response. High-dose cytosine arabinoside has major myelotoxicity but significant activity in some patients with poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:High-dose cytosine arabinoside in previously treated patients with poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 402 85

The effects of combination chemotherapy including mitoxantrone (MXN) "M-VEMFH" for advanced breast cancer were studied. The M-VEMFH regimen consisted of MXN 7 mg/m2, VCR 0.7 mg/m2, EX 333 mg/m2, MTX 13.3 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, 5-FU 333 mg/m2 i.v. from day 1 to day 5 and pred. (H) 60 mg/m2 p.o. with tapering off in 2 weeks. In 7 cases heavily pretreated with combination chemotherapy including ADR, CR 2, PR 2, NC 2 and PD 1 were observed (response rate 57.1%). In 5 cases without prior ADR, PR 1, NC 2 and PD 2 were obtained. One case given 586 mg/m2 of prior ADR died of congestive heart failure after administration of 47 mg/m2 of NXN. One case died of sepsis. The other side effects were stomatitis, vulvitis, abnormal gustation, nausea, vomiting and alopecia. M-VEMFH is effective combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer resistant to ADR, but care must be exerted due to the accompanying cardiotoxicity and leukopenia.
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PMID:[Effects of combination chemotherapy M-VEMFH including mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer]. 405 16

The relationships between the administered dose, clearance, and the toxicity spectrum of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administered as 72-hour constant infusion have been studied in 21 patients with advanced cancer. This was done as a pilot study for possible future combination using 5-FU as a radiosensitizer. Individual patients tolerated up to 65 mg/kg/24 hours, but serious toxicity appeared once as low as 35 mg/kg. Limiting toxicity proved to be "mixed" with upper intestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting), stomatitis, and central nervous system signs all occurring in various patients. Central nervous system effects (both cerebellar and vomiting) proved as troublesome as stomatitis. There was only a general link between the administered dose and the subsequent toxicity grade, but a reasonably quantitative relationship emerged when the serum 5-Fu levels obtained and the degree of patient toxicity were compared. The clearance of 5-FU was confirmed to be nonlinear over the entire dose range studied (25-65 mg/kg/24 hours), consistent with a two-compartment model of drug metabolism. One compartment appears to be systemic (extra-hepatic) metabolism (probably anabolic removal) which is saturated at just below 15 mg/kg/day. Doses above that level lead to drug accumulation. No steady state was reached, contrary to previous reports. At the higher infusion rates, clearance progressively approaches that predicted by the assumption that the second compartment is splanchnic blood flow and catabolism. While 5-FU can be administered as a 72-hour infusion as one possible schedule for use as a single agent or for combined modality studies, CNS effects are quite troublesome in comparison to longer infusions to toxicity.
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PMID:Phase I and pharmacologic study of 72-hour infused 5-fluorouracil in man. 406 78

Acute kidney failure following induced criminal abortion in 29 patients is described. After a latency period, gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, and pain appear,W These are followed by the shock-fever-hemolysis triad characteristic of the syndrome. Hepatic symptomatology, especially jaundice, is also present, as are hemorrhage and neurologic manifestations. Recommended treatment includes massive doses of antibiotics, blood transfusions, and hemo- or peritoneal dialysis; hysterectomy may be indicated in some cases. The high mortality rate (40%) is apparently due to shock and septic complications, and raises moral, social and ethical questions about criminal abortion.
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PMID:[Post-abortum acute renal insufficiency]. 447 52


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