Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-eight patients with previously-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma, bone sarcoma, or mesothelioma were randomly assigned to one of two intravenous single-agent treatment regimens, either 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON; brief infusions of 50 mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks) or aclacinomycin-A (ACM-A, as 30-min infusions of 100 mg/m2 or 85 mg/m2, administered every 3 weeks). Of 43 patients who were evaluable for response, survival and toxicity, there were two responses (5%) produced by ACM-A; one in a male with mesothelioma, and one in a female with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. None of the 36 evaluable patients treated with DON developed an objective tumor response. Median survival was 4.8 months in the DON treatment arm, and 6.8 months in the ACM-A treatment arm. No patients on the DON arm experienced lethal or life-threatening toxicities, and severe toxicities resulting from this treatment included nausea and emesis (10%), stomatitis (2%), gastrointestinal toxicity (2%), and anemia (2%). Moderate toxicities included vomiting (24%), hematologic toxicity (24%), neurologic toxicity (7%), diarrhea (7%), mucositis (5%), fever (5%), palpitations (2%), hepatotoxicity (2%), bleeding (2%) and edema (2%). Fifteen percent experienced at least one severe reaction, and 63% experienced at least one moderate or greater toxicity. ACM-A was associated with four cases of life-threatening myelosuppression (7%); severe toxicities included myelosuppression (11%), neurologic toxicity (4%), diarrhea (2%), respiratory toxicity (2%), pain and muscle spasms (2%), edema (2%), and ulceration following extravasation (2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II trial of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine versus aclacinomycin-A in advanced sarcomas and mesotheliomas. 218 26

Sixteen patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon were treated with a regimen of leucovorin 200 mg/m2, given as a 10-min infusion followed by a median dose of 833 mg/m2 (range 500-1000 mg/m2) 5-fluorouracil every two weeks. For the 16 patients with proven metastatic disease, two-year survival exceeds 50%. Responses were: 2 complete; 4 partial; 4 minor; 3 progression; and 3 not evaluable but without progression to date. Toxicities include: 8 (50%) leukopenia; 9 (56%), 1 severe thrombocytopenia; 9 (56%), 2 severe, diarrhea; 9 (56%), 3 severe, nausea/vomiting; 8 (50%), 1 severe, stomatitis; 7 (44%) conjunctivitis; 6 (38%) alopecia; and 13 (81%), 3 severe, neurotoxicity. Leucovorin appears to exert a dose-dependent beneficial effect on both the response and survival produced by the intermittent high-dose 5-fluorouracil schedule. This benefit first appears to increase substantially when the leucovorin dose is increased from 120 to 200 mg/m2. Findings identify a testable candidate regimen for selected good risk patients. Full selection criteria remain to be identified.
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PMID:Dose-dependent leucovorin efficacy with an intermittent high-dose 5-fluorouracil schedule. 220 56

Twelve hundred ninety-six patients with resected colon cancer that either was locally invasive (Stage B2) or had regional nodal involvement (Stage C) were randomly assigned to observation or to treatment for one year with levamisole combined with fluorouracil. Patients with Stage C disease could also be randomly assigned to treatment with levamisole alone. The median follow-up time at this writing is 3 years (range, 2 to 5 1/2). Among the patients with Stage C disease, therapy with levamisole plus fluorouracil reduced the risk of cancer recurrence by 41 percent (P less than 0.0001). The overall death rate was reduced by 33 percent (P approximately 0.006). Treatment with levamisole alone had no detectable effect. The results in the patients with Stage B2 disease were equivocal and too preliminary to allow firm conclusions. Toxic effects of levamisole alone were infrequent, usually consisting of mild nausea with occasional dermatitis or leukopenia, and those of levamisole plus fluorouracil were essentially the same as those of fluorouracil alone--i.e., nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, dermatitis, and leukopenia. These reactions were usually not severe and did not greatly impede patients' compliance with their regimen. We conclude that adjuvant therapy with levamisole and fluorouracil should be standard treatment for Stage C colon carcinoma. Since most patients in our study were treated by community oncologists, this approach should be readily adaptable to conventional medical practice.
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PMID:Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma. 236 11

The recent successes being achieved with combination chemotherapy regimens, such as FAMTX (fluorouracil [5-FU], doxorubicin, methotrexate), EAP (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin), and ELF (etoposide, leucovorin, 5-FU), strongly indicate that gastric cancer is chemosensitive. With these regimens, objective remission rates of more than 50% were recorded, including approximately 10% complete remissions (CRs). Moreover, some of these CRs were histopathologically confirmed. The finding that locally advanced disease (LAD) and technically unresectable disease could be rendered resectable by preoperative chemotherapy (EAP) was important. Thirty-six patients with LAD had been treated in a phase II trial with preoperative EAP, inducing 24 (70%) overall remissions (two clinical CRs, six pathologic CRs, 16 partial remissions [PRs] in 35 evaluable patients. Twenty-one patients were disease-free after chemotherapy with or without second-look surgery. The median survival time was 18 months for all patients and 24 months for disease-free patients. At 30+ months, 21% of all patients are still living disease-free. The expected survival of patients with unresectable LAD is approximately 4 to 6 months without any treatment and 6 to 9 months with standard chemotherapy. Compared with the latter results, the preoperative use of effective regimens (eg, EAP) seems to improve prognosis of patients with LAD. Moreover, such a multimodal approach may increase the number of long-term survivors among patients with resectable gastric cancer, especially those whose stage indicates a high risk of relapse (stages IIIa or IIIb). However, partly because of the severe toxicities (myelosuppression, nausea/vomiting), a considerable number of patients cannot be treated with these new regimens for the following reasons: Two of three patients with gastrointestinal disease are older than 60 years. Nontumorous diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidney, and others are frequent in this age group and may complicate or even prevent treatment with aggressive regimens. Considering the predominantly palliative treatment intentions in far advanced (metastasized) gastric cancer, regimens with low toxicities and acceptable activity should be preferred. For these reasons, we developed and investigated the combination ELF in a phase II trial in elderly patients (greater than 65 years) and in patients with cardiac risks who could not be treated with anthracyclines. The overall response rate in 51 evaluable patients was 53% (27 of 51) including six clinical CRs (12%). The median remission duration was 9.5 months and the median survival time was 11 months. Tolerability was excellent. Only 16% and 4% of patients, respectively, experienced WHO grades 3 and 4 leukopenia. Nausea/vomiting and mucositis/stomatitis were mild.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:New developments in the treatment of gastric carcinoma. 230 69

We report the results of a phase I study of intravenously administered cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid. This trial was designed to exploit potential biochemical interactions between these three agents. The maximum tolerated doses were cisplatin, 75 mg/m2, day 1; 5-fluorouracil, 375 mg/m2, days 1-5 and leucovorin 500 mg/m2, days 1-5. The dose-limiting toxic effect of this regimen was myelosuppression. Mild non-hematologic toxic effects were also observed and included nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, and diarrhea. Phase II trial of this regimen are underway, however randomized studies will eventually be necessary to establish whether cisplatin contributes clinically significant activity to this regimen.
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PMID:Phase I clinical trial of cisplatin given i.v. with 5-fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid. 235 61

A phase I trial of 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (NCS 286193, tiazofurin) was conducted using a 5-day i.v. bolus schedule, every 21 days. Thirty one patients with advanced cancer were entered on the trial. A total of 106 cycles were administered with doses ranging from 550 to 2750 mg/m2. Concomitant administration of Allopurinol was necessary to prevent hyperuricemia. Tiazofurin was difficult to evaluate and many side effects were variable and sporadic. The dose limiting toxicities were nonhematologic consisting particularly of myalgias, headaches and general malaise. Other toxicities included nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, lethargy, sleeping difficulty, sinus bradycardia, skin rash, desquamation of the palms and soles, photophobias and burning of the eyes. Hematologic toxicity was mild and not dose related though it led to a neutropenic septic death in one patient at 2750 mg/m2. Anemia was documented in 60% of cycles. Biochemical abnormalities consisted of mild hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia and elevated skeletal creatinine phosphokinase levels which did not correlate with the incidence or degree of myalgias. Though some patients were able to tolerate higher doses, the recommended dose for phase 2 study is 1650 mg/m2. Further studies will be required to achieve a better understanding of this interesting drug.
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PMID:Phase I study of tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide, NSC 286193). 238 15

In a phase II study, 77 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with pirarubicin, 70 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks. Most of them had received prior hormonal (n = 39) and/or chemotherapeutic drug treatment for advanced disease, including anthracycline-containing regimens in 17. After a median of 5.5 treatment cycles (range 1-14), objective tumor response was seen in 22/71 (31%) evaluable patients (4CR, 18 PR). Stable disease occurred in 34 (48%) patients, whereas the tumor progressed in 15 (21%). Significant hematologic toxicity (WHO grade III-IV) requiring interval and/or dose adjustments was observed in 41 (58%) patients. Other treatment-related side effects were generally mild, and included alopecia in 52 (73%), nausea and/or emesis in 50 (70%), and stomatitis and diarrhea in 3 patients each. There was no treatment-related death, nor was there any evidence of cardiac toxicity thus far. In summary, the early results of this trial suggest that pirarubicin is an active and rather well tolerated drug in pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:Pirarubicin (4'-o-tetrahydropyranil-adriamycin) for treatment of advanced breast cancer. A Clinical Phase II study. 238 8

Ten patients with relapsed and hormone-resistant prostate cancer were given intra-arterial infusion with, mainly, cisplatin using the reservoir system. The tip of the indwelling infusion catheter was inserted from the femoral artery into the internal iliac artery or common iliac artery. The opposite end of the infusion catheter was connected to a reservoir implanted subcutaneously at the thigh portion. Combination chemotherapy using methotrexate, adriamycin and cisplatin (MAC therapy) was mainly performed. According to criteria of the Jpn. Assoc. for Cancer Ther., the response rate was 23%, including 3 or PR cases. Regarding the survival rate, the 1-year survival rate was 66.7% and the 2-year rate was 33.3%. Concerning adverse reactions, nausea, vomiting and anorexia were noted in all cases. Stomatitis, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were also found in 38%. We consider that the IA-MAC therapy is one of the most useful regimen for the treatment of the relapsed and/or hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
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PMID:[Intra-arterial chemotherapy of relapsed and hormone-resistant prostate cancer using reservoir system]. 238 65

Sixteen patients with metastatic or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of mitomycin-C, vincristine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. Seven of 14 (50%) evaluable patients responded. In 2 patients all measurable disease resolved. Median duration of response was 4.5 months. Toxicity was severe and consisted of myelosuppression, pulmonary fibrosis, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, asthenia, and fever. Two treatment-related deaths occurred. This combination chemotherapy regimen appears to have a response rate similar to other cisplatin containing regimens. Response durations were short and toxicity was severe.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix: trial of mitomycin-C, vincristine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. 243 96

A prospective chemotherapeutic trial using combinations of three drugs consisting of three different protocols was performed in 24 patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract between April 1981 and August 1986. All patients had histologically proven transitional-cell carcinoma and bidimensionally measurable lesions. The protocol I (PPA) was a 5-day course of treatment with 20 mg/m2 cis-platinum and 5 mg/m2 peplomycin (a derivative of bleomycin) on days 1-5, and 25 mg/m2 adriamycin on day 1. Protocol II (CFMit) was a 10-day course with 3 mg/m2 mitomycin-C and 300 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide on day 1, and 180 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil on days 1-10. Protocol III (PAM) was a 1-day course comprising 60 mg/m2 cis-platinum, 30 mg/m2 adriamycin, and 40 mg/m2 methotrexate. In protocols I and III, the drugs were administered every 4-5 weeks, while in protocol II, the drugs were administered continuously without any interval. Of the 9 patients who received 1 to 5 PPA courses, only 3 patients showed a minor response. In the 10 patients who received 4 to 44 CFMit courses, 3 (33%) achieved partial remission for 1.5-22 months, and 3 had a minor response. Of the 5 patients receiving 3 to 7 PAM courses, 1 patient achieved partial remission for 5 months, and 1 had a minor response. Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were frequently observed in each protocol. Loss of hair was often observed in protocols I and III. Stomatitis and diarrhea were observed in protocol II. Three patients in protocol I, 4 patients in protocol II, and 1 patient in protocol III were unable to tolerate more courses of the regimen due to the severe side effects.
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PMID:Three-drug combination chemotherapy for advanced urothelial tract carcinoma. 244 54


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