Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

65Zinc absorption was studied in five acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) patients and in eight normal adults by means of a whole-body counting assay. The absorption was calculated from retention values recorded in the time interval 8-30 days after oral administration of the isotope. Two AE patients (7 and 13 years old) had a low absorption, 3.3 and 1.8% respectively, corroborating their high need for additional elemental zinc (about 2 mg/kg/day). Three adult AE patients, all in their twenties, had a considerably lower need for extra zinc (about 0.2 mg/kg/day). Their zinc absorption ranged from 28 to 36% (mean 34%). In the controls the range was 27 - 65% (mean 43%). Turnover of retained 65Zn from day 8 - 30 was about 0.7% in the patient as well as in the control groups. Oral zinc therapy was withdrawn prior to the study. During the zinc-free period (3-7) a marked decrease in serum zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase values was noted in the two children with AE and they showed clinical evidence of zinc deficiency (angular stomatitis, scaling around finger nails, and irritability). None of the adult patients showed such evidence of impending zinc deficiency. One complained of exacerbation of facial acne, and another of pain in her feet. All symptoms disappeared promptly when oral zinc therapy was resumed.
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PMID:65Zinc absorption in patients suffering from acrodermatitis enteropathica and in normal adults assessed by whole-body counting technique. 11 22

During the 1st stage of the clinical trials of karminomycin 92 patients with leukemia, solid tumors and lymphoma were treated with karminomycin. Two schemes for the antibiotic use were developed. The 1st scheme was a prolonged one with single doses of 10-15 mg (7.5 mg/m2) administered intravenously twice a week for 3 weeks, the course dose being 60-75 mg (34-45 mg/m2) with 4-week intervals between the courses. The course dose for the patients previously subjected to intensive chemotherapy did not exceed 50 mg (30 mg/m2). The 2nd scheme was a short one with single doses of 8-10 mg (5.5 mg/m2) administered intravenously every day for 5 days, the course dose being 40-50 mg (23-30 mg/m2) with 3-week intervals between the courses. Karminomycin induced in a number of patients a direct side effect, such as nausea, vomiting, asthenia, tachycardia, pain in the heart. In some patients leucopenia, thrombocitopenia, rare stomatitis, alopecia, lowered T peak in the chest curves of the cardiograms were observed after using the course dose.
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PMID:[First phase in the clinical study of the antineoplastic antibiotic, carminomycin]. 110 12

Side-effects from dental materials are a minor problem, but should be recognized. In recent questionnaire surveys about side-effects, the incidence was estimated to be 1:300 in periodontics and 1:2600 in pedodontics. None of these reactions was related to dental casting alloys. In prosthodontics, the incidence was calculated to be about 1:400, and about 27% were related to base-metal alloys for removable partial dentures (cobalt, chromium, nickel) and to noble/gold-based alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. The complaints consisted of intra-oral reactions (such as redness, swelling, and pain of the oral mucosa and lips), oral/gingival lichenoid reactions, and a few instances of systemic reactions. In orthodontics, the incidence was 1:100, and most reactions (85%) were related to metal parts of the extra-oral anchorage devices. Even though the extensive use of base-metal alloys has been of major concern to the dental profession, relatively few case reports substantiate this concern. Allergy to gold-based dental restorations has been more commonly reported. Palladium-based alloys have been associated with several cases of stomatitis and oral lichenoid reactions. Palladium allergy seems to occur mainly in patients who are very sensitive to nickel. All casting alloys, except titanium, seem to have a potential for eliciting adverse reactions in individual hypersensitive patients. Tolerance induction may be a possible benefit of the use of intra-orally placed alloys. In non-sensitized individuals, oral antigenic contacts to nickel and chromium may induce tolerance rather than sensitization. A variety of systemic diseases and reactions has been claimed to be caused by dental materials. The claims are generally poorly documented.
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PMID:Casting alloys: side-effects. 129 60

There is scarce information on antibiotics prescription habits among dentists in general. The present investigation was undertaken to study some patterns of antibiotics prescription among Norwegian dentists. A total of 459 dentists (approximately 10% of Norwegian dentists) were randomly selected, and to each was mailed a letter describing the survey, accompanied by a questionnaire about age, type of practice, educational background and pattern of prescription of antibiotics. 78% of the dentists responded to these questions. The results indicate that during a typical week, 32% did not prescribe antibiotics, whereas 5% wrote greater than 5 prescriptions. The mean weekly number of prescriptions per dentist was 2.04. Periodontists and oral surgeons prescribed antibiotics significantly more often than did general practitioners and other disciplines. In addition, those with research and/or teaching experience seemed to prescribe significantly more often than those without. More than 1/3 of the sample indicated that they may prescribe antibiotics when treating periodontal diseases. Compared with other disciplines, periodontists prescribed such drugs significantly more often when treating periodontitis, but significantly less often in acute gingivitis, stomatitis and herpes simplex infections. Moreover, 22% of the dentists might prescribe antibiotics when the patient is in pain, 73 and 38% in cases of abscesses with or without generalized malaise, 2.5% in endodontic therapy, 60% to prevent general complications, and 68% for prophylactic use if the patient revealed a history of endocarditis. Norwegian dentists are somewhat restrictive in their prescription of antibiotics, but they mostly prescribe the correct drugs for the different conditions.
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PMID:Antibiotic prescribing practices among Norwegian dentists. 143 29

In a multicentre Phase III trial, 182 patients were randomized to either folinic acid (FA) (200 mg/sqm i.v. x 5 days) + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (400 mg/sqm i.v. in 15' x 5 days) every 4 weeks (Arm A), or to 5-FU alone at the same dosage (Arm B). Response rates were 20.6% (Arm A) and 10% (Arm B) with a significant (p = 0.046) advantage for FA + 5-FU. Median time to progression (6 and 6 months) and overall survival (11.5 and 11 months) were similar in the 2 groups of patients, while neither treatment was effective in reducing pain or improving performance status. Univariate analysis showed that no prognostic factors other than treatment influenced response, although survival was affected by the number and site of metastases, performance status, and the presence and degree of pain. Toxicity was acceptable and lower in comparison with other Phase II-III trials, with no significant difference between the 2 arms. However, in individual patients, grade 3-4 side effects (mainly stomatitis and diarrhoea) were observed, particularly in patients receiving FA: this led to interruption of the treatment in 7 cases. The superiority, in terms of objective response, of FA + 5-FU over 5-FU alone would seem to justify a large-scale evaluation of this combination in the adjuvant setting. Further improvements in relation to advanced disease (i.e., modifications to the schedule and/or introduction of other modulators) are warranted.
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PMID:Folinic acid + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus equidose 5-FU in advanced colorectal cancer. Phase III study of 'GISCAD' (Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer). 174 23

In a prospective randomized study, 21 patients with an unruptured tubal pregnancy were treated with local and systemic injection. On the day of diagnosis, methotrexate (MTX) (1 mg/kg) or sulprostone (500 micrograms) were injected into the gestational sac under transvaginal sonographic control. The systemic component consisted of an intramuscular injection of MTX (1 mg/kg) 3, 5, and 7 days after local injection or of sulprostone (500 micrograms) on the 1st 2 postlocal injection days. Methotrexate therapy was successful in 8 of 12 patients and sulprostone therapy in 6 of 9. Laparoscopy was then performed on the 7 unsuccessful patients: 3 of them had pain and hemoperitoneum and 4 of them had rising human choriogonadotropin (hCG) levels. One stomatitis after MTX and one cramping abdominal pain were observed. Thirteen of 14 successfully treated patients had initial hCG levels less than 5,000 mIU/mL. At subsequent hysterosalpinography, 13 of 14 patients had normal tubal configuration and patency. Three of 10 patients who desired another pregnancy had already achieved a normal intrauterine pregnancy. These results suggest that MTX and sulprostone were equally effective, and medical approach for the unruptured ectopic pregnancy may be restricted to patients with hCG less than 5,000 mIU/mL.
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PMID:Conservative management of ectopic pregnancy: prospective randomized clinical trial of methotrexate versus prostaglandin sulprostone by combined transvaginal and systemic administration. 200 98

Twenty patients with metastatic prostatic cancer were treated on an ambulatory basis with continuous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion 250-300 mg/M2 per day through a chronic indwelling central venous catheter. All patients had symptomatic, progressive disease despite previous standard therapies. Partial remission was seen in 2 of 20 patients (10%), stable disease in 9 of 20 (45%), and progressive disease in 9 of 20 (45%); mean duration of benefit in responding and stable disease patients was six months. Improvement in pain and ECOG performance status were seen in most of the patients in the responding and stable disease categories. Forty percent of the patients experienced no significant drug toxicity; treatment interruption was necessary for stomatitis in 6 patients (30%), hand/foot syndrome in 3 patients (15%), and diarrhea in 1 patient (5%). No significant myelosuppression or other significant organ toxicities were encountered. Continuous systemic venous infusion of 5-FU may provide significant palliative effect for some patients with symptomatic, refractory carcinoma of the prostate.
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PMID:Continuous systemic 5-fluorouracil infusion in refractory prostatic cancer. 201 2

Severe stomatitis is a common problem encountered during either radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Most therapeutic regimens are empirical, with no scientific basis. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of various topical solutions in the treatment of radiation- or chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. Eighteen patients were entered into a prospective double-blinded study to test several topical solutions: (1) viscous lidocaine with 1% cocaine; (2) dyclonine hydrochloride 1.0% (Dyclone); (3) kaolin-pectin solution, diphenhydramine plus saline (KBS); and (4) a placebo solution. Degree of pain relief, duration of relief, side effects, and palatability were evaluated. The results showed that Dyclone provided the most pain relief. Dyclone and viscous lidocaine with 1% cocaine provided the longest pain relief, which averaged 50 minutes This study provides objective data and defines useful guidelines for treatment of stomatitis.
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PMID:Treatment of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. 211 58

Forty-seven patients with solid tumors were treated on a phase I study of menogaril administered by mouth once per week. Nausea and vomiting were excessive at weekly doses of 350 and 450 mg/m2/week but were tolerable and controlled reasonably well by antiemetics at lower doses. There appeared to be a relatively shallow dose-vs-granulocytopenia curve above a menogaril dose of 180 mg/m2/week. No patient receiving chronic dexamethasone for cerebral edema developed granulocytopenia, even at menogaril doses of 350-450 mg/m2/week. Two patients developed neutropenic infection. No patient developed thrombocytopenia. Mild arrhythmias were seen in 3 patients. Two patients suffered possible myocardial infarcts that may not have been related to treatment. Asymptomatic blood pressure fluctuations were common and were probably not related to treatment. Diarrhea was dose-related but was generally not severe. Alopecia and stomatitis occurred occasionally. Minor responses were seen in two patients with gliomas, and three of five evaluable prostate cancer patients experienced marked pain relief. The dose recommended for phase II studies is 250-300 mg/m2/week with antiemetic pretreatment. This schedule appears to allow an oral menogaril dose-intensity that is approximately double that attainable with other oral schedules that have been studied.
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PMID:Phase I study of oral menogaril administered on a once weekly schedule. 214 May 64

Ninety-eight patients with previously-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma, bone sarcoma, or mesothelioma were randomly assigned to one of two intravenous single-agent treatment regimens, either 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON; brief infusions of 50 mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks) or aclacinomycin-A (ACM-A, as 30-min infusions of 100 mg/m2 or 85 mg/m2, administered every 3 weeks). Of 43 patients who were evaluable for response, survival and toxicity, there were two responses (5%) produced by ACM-A; one in a male with mesothelioma, and one in a female with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. None of the 36 evaluable patients treated with DON developed an objective tumor response. Median survival was 4.8 months in the DON treatment arm, and 6.8 months in the ACM-A treatment arm. No patients on the DON arm experienced lethal or life-threatening toxicities, and severe toxicities resulting from this treatment included nausea and emesis (10%), stomatitis (2%), gastrointestinal toxicity (2%), and anemia (2%). Moderate toxicities included vomiting (24%), hematologic toxicity (24%), neurologic toxicity (7%), diarrhea (7%), mucositis (5%), fever (5%), palpitations (2%), hepatotoxicity (2%), bleeding (2%) and edema (2%). Fifteen percent experienced at least one severe reaction, and 63% experienced at least one moderate or greater toxicity. ACM-A was associated with four cases of life-threatening myelosuppression (7%); severe toxicities included myelosuppression (11%), neurologic toxicity (4%), diarrhea (2%), respiratory toxicity (2%), pain and muscle spasms (2%), edema (2%), and ulceration following extravasation (2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II trial of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine versus aclacinomycin-A in advanced sarcomas and mesotheliomas. 218 26


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