Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted from July 1984 to March 1986 to evaluate the clinical efficacy of sequential MTX-5-FU treatment in 96 cases of advanced gastric cancer and 39 cases of colorectal cancer. 5-FU 600 mg/m2 i.v. was given and MTX 30 mg/m2 (A), 100 mg/m2 (B) and 300 mg/m2 (C) i.v. were given, and the administration interval between MTX and 5-FU was 1 to 3 h for the gastric cancer group, and 7 h for the colorectal cancer group. Leucovorin rescue of 10 mg/m2 p.o. was given 24 h after MTX administration. In the gastric cancer group, the response rate for Regimen A was 23.2% (CR 1 and PR 12) out of 56 evaluable cases, and for Regimen B, 40.5% (CR 1 and PR 14) out of 37 evaluable cases. In the colorectal cancer group, the response rate for Regimen A was 28.6% (PR 6) out of 21 evaluable cases and for Regimen B, 20.0% (PR 3) out of 15 cases. Median survival time for the gastric cancer group was 5.5 months with Regimen A and 7.6 months with Regimen B, and for the colorectal cancer group 10.9 months with Regimen A and 7.9 months with Regimen B. Main adverse effects were marrow impairment and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and stomatitis. In this study Regimen B showed relatively good results. In order to evaluate the biochemical modulation occurring with sequential MTX-5-FU treatment, a further phase III study in gastric cancer patients should be conducted.
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PMID:[Sequential methotrexate-5-fluorouracil (MTX-5-FU) treatment of patients with advanced gastric and colorectal cancer. Sequential Methotrexate-5-FU Study Group]. 361 60

Methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) is an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis. In vitro studies demonstrate the accumulation of some tumor cells in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Nineteen patients with advanced head and neck cancer were entered in a Phase II trial of MGBG. MGBG, 500 mg/M2, was administered as a brief intravenous infusion weekly for 4 weeks, then every 2 weeks. Dose modifications were based on cumulative toxicity after 2 weekly treatments. All but three patients had prior exposure to chemotherapy for disease recurrence. Of 17 patients evaluable for response and toxicity, one brief partial response was observed. The most common toxicities were mild to moderate nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomatitis. Myelosuppression occurred in three patients. Dose modifications were required in four patients; a maximum dose of 700 mg/M2 was tolerated. The results of four other Phase II single and combination chemotherapy trials of MGBG in head and neck cancer are reviewed. The single agent response rate in 59 patients was 22% (range, 6%-41%). The poor response rate observed in this trial was similar to that in other trials in which a heavily pretreated group of patients was evaluated. It is concluded that single agent MGBG is not a useful drug in heavily pretreated recurrent disease patients. However, because of its biochemical effects, further testing in combination with cycle specific agents and in larger numbers of patients with minimal prior treatment may be warranted.
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PMID:Phase II trial of methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) in advanced head and neck cancer. 377 8

Mitoxantrone was evaluated in a multi-institution trial to define the effective dose for treating acute leukemia, to evaluate its toxicity, and to assess the induction rates for the different types of acute leukemia. Fifty-seven patients have been treated. Of the 24 patients receiving mitoxantrone (10 mg/m2/day X 5), one of nine with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in relapse, one of five with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse, and one of seven with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia achieved remission. At a dose of 12 mg/m2/day X 5, seven of 16 patients with ANLL in relapse, none of six with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in relapse, and one of five with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia achieved remission. At both dose levels, there was no response in patients who had failed to achieve a prior remission. Toxic effects included nausea/vomiting, stomatitis, and hepatic dysfunction. Nine of the 57 patients treated experienced cardiac events but cardiac toxicity seemed clinically significant in only three. We conclude that mitoxantrone, at a dose of 12 mg/m2/day X 5, is effective therapy for ANLL. Trials combining mitoxantrone with other agents are needed.
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PMID:Phase I-II trial of mitoxantrone in acute leukemia. 385 86

Forty patients with relapsing acute leukaemias were treated with aclacinomycin A (aclarubicin, ACM), 25 mg/m2 i.v. daily for 7 days. Twenty-nine patients with acute myeloid (AML) and five with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) leukaemia were evaluable. The overall response rate was 29.5%. Eight complete (CR) and one partial (PR) remissions were achieved in AML (31%). A high CR rate was induced in patients treated at first relapse without prior reinduction (6/12 patients). A small proportion of leukaemias resistant to daunorubicin or doxorubicin responded to ACM (3/17 patients). Median remission duration was 5.5 months (range: 2-9 months). The most common toxic effects were nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and diarrhoea. Acute cardiotoxic effects were documented in three patients. Congestive cardiomyopathy was not observed despite prior treatment with anthracyclines. We conclude that the present dose scheduling of ACM is effective in the treatment of relapsing AML and that it should be introduced in combined chemotherapy in phase III trials to compare its activity to that of daunorubicin or doxorubicin.
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PMID:Aclarubicin (aclacinomycin A) in the treatment of relapsing acute leukaemias. 386 84

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone), is an anthracenedione which in preclinical studies demonstrated a spectrum of antitumor activity similar to the anthracyclines, but with less cardiotoxicity. Novantrone is a cytotoxic agent that produces dose-dependent myelosuppression. When administered to patients intravenously every three weeks, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet nadirs occurred between days 8 and 15 with hematologic recovery by day 22. In multiple clinical trials in over 4450 patients, including 372 patients in randomized trials against Adriamycin, Novantrone was consistently associated with a reduced incidence of moderate and severe acute side-effects. In four randomized trials the adverse experience profile associated with Novantrone was superior to that of Adriamycin with statistically significant lower incidences of mucositis/stomatitis, nausea, vomiting and alopecia. Novantrone was less cardiotoxic than Adriamycin and cardiac events were rare in patients without predisposing risk factors. The high level of activity combined with improved patient tolerance and decreased toxicity make Novantrone a promising agent for patients requiring cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone: an overview of safety and toxicity. 389 76

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) is an anthraquinone previously shown to be active in human breast cancer. It appears to have less toxicity than doxorubicin. Results of this phase II-III randomized cross-over trial to determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of mitoxantrone in comparison to doxorubicin, are presented. Patients with measurable, recurrent breast cancer with limited prior chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for metastatic disease, and who had not been exposed to prior doxorubicin, were randomized to receive either mitoxantrone or doxorubicin every three weeks with cross-over on progression. Response rates, duration of remission, time to treatment failure, and drug toxicity, including cardiac toxicity evaluated with serial radionuclide angiocardiography, were evaluated. Differences in the response rates for the two groups were not statistically significant. Neither time to treatment failure nor duration of response are significantly different (p greater than 0.05). With respect to toxicity, mitoxantrone treated patients consistently exhibited a lower incidence and less severe drug toxicity as compared to their doxorubicin-treated counterparts. Cardiac toxicity was carefully monitored and thus four patients on doxorubicin have had drug related congestive heart failure, as compared to none on mitoxantrone. In summary, mitoxantrone appears to be as active as doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy; however, mitoxantrone causes significantly less nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and alopecia at doses which induce equal or greater myelosuppression than doxorubicin, and appears to be less cardiotoxic.
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PMID:A randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone with doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer. 389 78

Twenty-eight patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer were entered for a phase II study of SF-SP. Of these, 24 were evaluable for response. The SF-SP was given orally at a dose of 800 to 1,200 mg/body b.i.d. daily. Six at the evaluable 24 patients showed PR, 16 NC and 2 PD. Three of the 6 PR patients were administered 1000 mg/body/day of SF-SP and the other 3, 1200 mg/body/day. The hematological toxicities were anemia (5 cases), leukopenia (3 cases) and thrombocytopenia (3 cases). The other side effects were gastrointestinal complaints, such as anorexia (5 cases), nausea (5 cases) and stomatitis (5 cases), and a further toxic effect of pigmentation (4 cases). These side effects tended to develop dose-dependently and disappeared after the SF-SP was discontinued. It was concluded that SF-SP was beneficial for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, and that its optimal dose was 1000 mg/body/day.
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PMID:[Phase II study of sustained released granules of tegafur (SF-SP) on inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer]. 392 8

A Phase II study of UFT for head and neck cancer was conducted in 10 institutions. UFT is a mixture of Futraful and uracil. Eighty-four patients entered this trial, of which 60 were evaluable. UFT was administered orally at a daily dose of 600 mg/day. Eight patients achieved complete response and 10 achieved partial response with an over-all response rate of 30.0 %. Evaluating response according to by histology, the response rate was 30.9% for cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Complete response was observed in one case of undifferentiated carcinoma. Response rate according to primary site was 33 to 40% for the nose & paranasal sinuses, mesopharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. The response rate was 28.9% for the group of patients treated previously, and 33.3% for the group previously untreated. The mean time for 50% or more regression of the tumor was 4.3 weeks. Toxic effects appeared in 40.3% of 67 evaluable cases as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea etc. In one case of maxillary carcinoma, severe bone marrow suppression was observed. We concluded that UFT therapy was markedly effective for head and neck cancer.
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PMID:[Phase II study of UFT for head and neck cancer]. 392 39

A new anticancer agent, UFT which is a mixture of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4 was administered orally at a dose of 600 mg/day every day. Forty-three patients were evaluable. Eight patients achieved a complete response and eight achieved a partial response with an overall response rate of 37.2%. In terms of response by histology, a response rate was 32.4% (11/34) in cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 75% (3/4) in cases of adenocarcinoma. A response rate by primary site was 57.1% in the nose and paranasal sinuses, 50.0% in the oropharynx and 30.0% in the oral cavity. A response rate was 36.1% in patients with prior treatment and 42.9% in patients with no prior treatment, but there was no statistical significance. Eight of 43 patients developed toxic effects. Most of them were mild such as anorexia, nausea, and stomatitis, but in one case of maxillary sinus carcinoma, severe bone marrow suppression was observed. UFT is a considerably effective and useful drug in the treatment of head and neck cancer. It is possible to increase cure rate by examining various usages of UFT.
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PMID:Clinical trials on UFT in the treatment of head and neck cancer. 393 86

Eighteen patients with advanced malignancies refractory to other forms of treatment were given dactinomycin (Act D) as continuous intravenous infusions. Their median age was 51 years (range, 36-67); their median performance status was 50 (range, 40-90) on the Karnofsky scale. Act D was administered continuously for 5 days, utilizing a central venous line and a perfusion pump. The starting dose was 0.1 mg/m2/24 hours X 5 days (total dose, 0.5 mg/m2) and was escalated according to a modified Fibonacci scale to 0.2, 0.33, and 0.5 mg/m2/24 hours X 5 days, respectively. Three, three, four, and eight patients were entered, respectively, in each dose level. Toxicities observed were: leukopenia in four patients (nadir leukocyte count less than 1000 cells/nm3 in one patient and 2000-3000 cells/mm3 in 3 patients); thrombocytopenia, with nadir platelet counts between 50,000 and 100,000 platelets/mm3 in 2 patients; stomatitis in four patients; and nausea in three patients. Vomiting was not observed during the infusions. Two patients may have had a radiation recall phenomenon. Blood count depression, nausea, and mucositis were transient, resolving after a few days. One patient at level IV died of sepsis, which was diagnosed on the fourth day of the infusion, before leukopenia intervened. No objective responses were seen. It was concluded that a higher dose of Act D can be given by continuous infusion than by a bolus injection; the authors recommended 0.5 mg/m2/day X 5 days (total dose, 2.5 mg/m2) for further studies.
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PMID:A phase I trial of dactinomycin intravenous infusion in patients with advanced malignancies. 400 96


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