Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pediatric oncology nurses provide a major role in the assessment and management of gastrointestinal complications in children resulting from cancer therapies. The clinical problems most frequently seen in this area include stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. These areas are reviewed in detail according to various nursing diagnoses including definitions and pathophysiology, recent studies and interventions, special considerations for children, and patient and parent education.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations in the child with cancer. 149 30

The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) studied the response rate and toxicity of piroxantrone (150 mg/m2 q 21 days) in patients with advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Among 32 eligible patients, there were no partial nor complete responses. There were two mixed responses. Significant white cell toxicity, anemia, nausea, and vomiting were observed. Mild or moderate degrees of fever, malaise, and stomatitis occurred. No significant cardiac toxicity was noted. Piroxantrone does not have significant activity as a single agent in advanced renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of piroxantrone in renal cell carcinoma. A Southwest Oncology Group Study. 150 Feb 67

A total of 49 patients with metastatic renal cell cancer underwent recombinant interferon-alpha 2a therapy combined with chemotherapy. Before therapy the patients without nephrectomy underwent angioinfarction of the primary renal tumor. Combined treatment included interferon at 5 x 10(6) units per m.2 intramuscularly daily, 5-fluorouracil at 750 mg./m.2 daily by continuous infusion intravenously (days 1 to 5) and mitomycin C at 5 mg./m.2 per day intravenously (days 1 and 2) repeated every 28 days. Of the patients 17 (35%, 95% confidence interval 22 to 49%) responded, and all 17 had partial remission that lasted a median of 7.1 months (range 4.2 to 20.9+ months). Response rate differed by metastatic sites: lung 46% (18 of 39 patients), lymph nodes 46% (6 of 13), mediastinum 20% (2 of 10) and liver 18% (2 of 11). Grade 3 to 4 toxicity (World Health Organization) included neutropenia (79% of the patients), thrombocytopenia (45%), stomatitis (34%), diarrhea (8%), nausea (18%) and central nervous system disorders (18%). The overall 35% response rate suggests that the combination of interferon-alpha 2a, 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C is synergistic. Future studies are needed to confirm this finding and to assess the role of mitomycin C.
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PMID:Phase II study of interferon-alpha and chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C) in metastatic renal cell cancer. 153 31

Preclinical data suggest that folinic acid as well as interferon alpha-2b may enhance the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In a phase I trial, we recently showed that interferon alpha-2b (IFN), folinic acid and 5-FU can be safely administered with a 4-hour infusion of 5-FU. We therefore initiated a phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of these three drugs. Forty-five evaluable patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer, documented progressive disease, and previously unexposed to chemotherapy were treated with sequential IFN 5 MU/d subcutaneously and folinic acid 200 mg/m2/d as bolus on days 1 to 7 followed by 5-FU in a 4-hour infusion at a dose of 500 mg/m2/d, resulting in a total dose of 3,500 mg/m2/course. This schedule was repeated on day 21. A total of 204 courses of therapy were completed. One of 45 patients (2%) achieved a complete response, and 13 of 45 patients (29%) achieved a partial response. An additional 16 patients (36%) had stable disease. The median time to disease progression was seven months (2 to 24 months). Despite the relatively high-dose intensity of 5-FU, toxicity was very mild. Grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression, stomatitis, and nausea/vomiting occurred in only three of 45 patients (7%). Four of 45 patients (9%) suffered from severe (grade 3/4) diarrhea. Neurotoxicity and infections of grade 2 to 4 did not occur. From these data we conclude that modulation of 5-FU with both folinic acid and IFN induces an overall response rate of 31% in disseminated colorectal cancer. Using a 4-hour application schedule of 5-FU, the therapeutic index can be improved even for high-dose intensity and requires further evaluation in combination with other modulators.
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PMID:A phase II trial of interferon alpha-2b with folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil administered by 4-hour infusion in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. 155 76

Pharmacokinetics of SM-5887, a new totally synthetic anthracycline derivative, was studied in a phase I setting by 5-day schedule. The maximum tolerated dose was 25 mg/m2/d (total dose: 125 mg/m2/body) and the dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression which was consistent with the results of the phase I study by a single dose. In terms of subjective side effects, decreased nausea/vomiting and increased stomatitis were observed. In pharmacokinetic study, AUC of active form of SM-5887 increased on day 5 compared to that day 1. This result suggested that 5-day schedule of SM-5887 produced an accumulation of the active form. Five-day treatment schedule of SM-5887 seems to be more tolerable and further clinical study was recommended.
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PMID:[Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of SM-5887 by 5-day schedule]. 155 97

60 patients with advanced carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx underwent chemotherapy, either with 5-FU/Cisplatin (n = 30) or with 5-FU/Carboplatin (n = 30). The remission-rates (complete and partial remissions) were comparable in both groups. The rate of complete remissions, however, was statistically significant higher in the cisplatinum group (6 patients) than in the carboplatinum group (1 patient). 2 patients of the 5-FU/Cis-group and 4 patients of the 5-FU/Carbo-group developed a progressive disease during chemotherapy. Statistically significant differences were found in the nephrotoxic and myelotoxic side effects between both therapy groups: nephrotoxic side effects were more frequent in the 5-FU/Cis-group, whereas myelotoxic side effects occurred mainly in the 5-FU/Carbo-group. The chemotherapy with 5-FU/Carboplatin was better tolerated by the patients than in the 5-FU/Cisplatinum-group. In the 5-FU/Carbo-group especially a lower rate and severity of loss in weight, nausea, vomiting, alopecia and mucositis/stomatitis was observed. No statistically significant differences were found in ototoxic side effects between both groups.
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PMID:[Antineoplastic effectiveness and unwanted side effects of polychemotherapy of extensive oro- and hypopharyngeal cancers--results of a prospective therapy study with 5-FU/cisplatin versus 5-FU/carboplatin]. 161 47

A phase I trial of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and leucovorin (LV) given with and without dipyridamole (DP) by concurrent 120-h continuous infusion was performed in 27 patients with advanced solid malignancies, 8 of whom had previously received FUra. The LV and DP doses were fixed at 500 mg/m2 daily and 7.7 mg/kg daily, respectively, whereas the FUra dose was escalated. Level 3 (450 mg/m2 FUra daily) represented the maximum tolerated dose for both FUra/LV+DP and FUra/LV. Dose-limiting stomatitis (greater than or equal to grade 3 or grade 2 occurring during the infusion) was encountered in 75% of the first courses given at level 4 (600 mg/m2 daily). Stomatitis was observed in 44/78 (56%) courses. Diarrhea was infrequent and mild. DP infusions were complicated by mild to moderate headache, which was controlled with narcotic analgesics, and mild to moderate nausea/vomiting. FUra-related toxicity was not enhanced by DP administration. Limited pharmacokinetic sampling at levels 3 and 4 revealed mean steady-state FUra concentrations of around 1.0 microM with infusions of FUra/LV+DP. Among three paired courses given with and without DP, no statistically significant difference was found in the total body clearance of FUra (P = 0.44). One partial response was seen in a patient with metastatic gastric carcinoma. For phase II trials, we recommend that concurrent 120-h continuous infusions of FUra (450 mg/m2 daily) and LV (500 mg/m2 daily) be given with and without DP (7.7 mg/kg daily) every 21 days.
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PMID:A phase I trial of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and dipyridamole given by concurrent 120-h continuous infusions. 164 98

We have studied whether mouth-swishing with sucralfate, a well-known gastric mucosal protective agent, may be used as prophylaxis against chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. Using radioactively labelled sucralfate we found that 20-30% was still bound to the oral mucosal lining 2 1/2 h after mouth-swishing. Forty patients receiving cisplatin and continuous infusion with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for 5 days entered a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Among 23 evaluable patients a significant reduction (p = 0.04) in an objective score of edema, erythema, erosion and ulcerations was seen during treatment with sucralfate. Patient preference favored sucralfate, but this preference failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). Seven patients were inevaluable for reasons not associated with the study treatment. However, ten patients did not complete the study since the swishing procedure aggravated chemotherapy-induced nausea. An equal rate of non-compliance was seen with sucralfate and placebo. To overcome this problem, the oral medication should have a neutral taste, the solution should not be swallowed after the swishing, which should not be started until the nausea had ceased.
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PMID:Effect of prophylactic sucralfate suspension on stomatitis induced by cancer chemotherapy. A randomized, double-blind cross-over study. 169 28

Thirteen patients with advanced head and neck cancer were entered into a phase II study of fludarabine phosphate. Fludarabine phosphate was given by continuous infusion for 5 days, at a starting dose of 20 mg/m2 per day for patients previously treated with one regimen and 25 mg/m2 per day for previously untreated patients; therapy was repeated every 3-4 weeks. Of the 13 patients, 3 had undergone one prior regimen and 10 patients were previously untreated by chemotherapy. No responses were observed. Myelosuppression was the most common toxicity observed. Four patients developed mild nausea, vomiting and seven developed bleeding stomatitis that resolved in one week. In addition, four patients developed headaches which resolved spontaneously. No renal, hepatic, or neurotoxicity was observed. Our study demonstrates that in previously treated and untreated patients, fludarabine phosphate given on this schedule has little activity in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.
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PMID:Phase II trial of fludarabine phosphate (F-Ara-AMP) in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. 169 46

Sixty-six patients with locally advanced (Stages III and IV) carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with three cycles of induction chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin, fluorouracil (FU) infusion, bleomycin, mitomycin, and hydroxyurea, followed by radiotherapy and/or surgery. There were 48 men and 18 women with a median age of 55 years (range, 18 to 75 years) and Karnofsky performance status of 80 (range, 40 to 90). Primary site was nasopharynx (28 patients), followed by larynx (12) and others (26). Forty-one (62%) patients were presented with Stage IV disease. The response rate to induction chemotherapy was 27% complete response, 50% partial response, 20% stable disease, and 3% progressive disease. There was no significant difference in response rate between patients with cancer of nasopharynx or other sites (P greater than 0.1). Survival was 61% at 24 months. Patients with cancer of nasopharynx had a better survival than those with other primaries (P = 0.033). Toxicities from chemotherapy included alopecia (73%), nausea/vomiting (66%), leukopenia (54%), stomatitis (36%), anemia (32%), thrombocytopenia (16%), and diarrhea (9%). Grade IV toxicity was not observed. Induction chemotherapy with this new regimen resulted in a high response rate but may not be superior to cisplatin and FU alone. It can be safely combined with radiotherapy as a potentially curative therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy may yield survival similar to radical surgery in laryngeal and other head and neck cancers.
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PMID:Induction chemotherapy with a new regimen alternating cisplatin, fluorouracil with mitomycin, hydroxyurea and bleomycin in carcinomas of nasopharynx or other sites of the head and neck region. 169 26


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