Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epirubicin 110 mg/m2 was administered intravenously every 3 weeks to 41 elderly and/or unfit, previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). There were three complete responses, 16 partial responses and 14 treatment failures, with a response rate of 57% in 33 evaluable patients. The main toxicity was haematological, characterised by leukopenia and, less frequently, thrombocytopenia and anaemia. There were three toxic deaths due to infection occurring during leukopenia. Non-haematological side effects were alopecia, nausea, stomatitis and diarrhoea. WHO grade 2 cardiac toxicity was seen in 3 patients after a cumulative dose of more than 740 mg/m2. In conclusion epirubicin is an active agent in untreated SCLC.
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PMID:Epirubicin in previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer: a phase II study by the EORTC Lung Cancer Cooperative Group. 132 19

Twenty patients with astrocytomas recurrent after surgery +/- radiation were treated on a phase II protocol of the new anthracycline derivative menogaril 115 mg/m2 administered intravenously once per week. Sixteen patients were evaluable for treatment efficacy. No patient achieved a major therapeutic response. Three patients (19%) had stable disease for greater than 8 weeks, including one who showed minor evidence of tumor regression, but less than 50%. Thirteen patients failed. Treatment was well tolerated. One patient developed granulocytopenia, while none developed thrombocytopenia. Four patients required an interruption in their treatment for one to two weeks because of development of granulocytopenia (one patient) or other reasons. Other toxic effects included arm vein phlebitis and skin irritation, skin discoloration of the infused arm, mild to moderate nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, and a fatal central venous catheter infection. Despite the fact that menogaril appeared to have therapeutic activity against recurrent astrocytomas in our phase I studies, we could not document any activity in this phase II study.
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PMID:Phase II study of weekly intravenous menogaril in the treatment of recurrent astrocytomas in adults. 133 46

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is still the mainstay of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A prolonged infusion of 5-FU is more active than any other schedule of 5-FU used to date. Cisplatin does not improve treatment results compared with 5-FU alone and is not recommended outside clinical trials. Biomodulation of 5-FU is a major step forward in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients and as the standard chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Two schedules of folinic acid daily for 5-day (low and high doses) and weekly high dose in combination with daily or weekly 5-FU are the most widely used schedules. Although the response rates to either schedule are comparable, the profile of toxicity is different, being stomatitis for the daily schedule and diarrhea for the weekly schedule as the dose-limiting toxicity. Modulation of 5-FU by methotrexate is time dependent. An interval of 24 hours between methotrexate and 5-FU is necessary for effective modulation. Other modulators, like interferon and N-phosphonoactyl-L-aspartate (PALA), are promising treatment options currently under investigation in randomized trials. The data from phase II and III trials using modulation of 5-FU by folinic acid, PALA, or methotrexate, or using continuous infusion 5-FU indicate that all of these strategies are active. Randomized trials are currently underway to further investigate these therapeutic approaches and whether a specific modulation offers more therapeutic advantages.
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PMID:Chemotherapeutic strategies in metastatic colorectal cancer: an overview of current clinical trials. 137 4

Between December 1982 and November 1990, 31 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma were treated with one of two combination chemotherapy regimens. A total of 20 patients were treated with 3 mg/m2 mitomycin C and 300 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide given intravenously every 10-14 days and with 180 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) given intravenously every day for as long as possible (CF-Mito regimen). After the patient had been discharged from the hospital, the same treatment with CF-Mito was performed except that 180 mg/m2 5-FU was replaced by 400 mg/m2 UFT (a mixture of tegafur and uracil) given orally. A total of 11 patients whose tumor had relapsed during the first-line treatment were given 60 mg/m2 cisplatin, 40 mg/m2 Adriamycin, and 40 mg/m2 methotrexate intravenously every 28 days (PAM regimen). In all, 20 patients received 4-44 (mean, 9.7) courses of CF-Mito over a period of 1.5-24 (mean, 5.3) months. The results obtained in these 20 patients with evaluable lesions included no complete remission (CR), 4 partial remissions (PRs), 9 cases of stable disease (SD), and 7 cases of progressive disease (PD). The PR duration was 1.5-22 (mean, 7.5) months. The side effects encountered in this group included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, diarrhea, stomatitis, liver damage, and heart failure. In all, 11 patients received 3-7 (mean, 4.1) courses of PAM over a period of 3-14.5 (mean, 5.2) months. All 11 patients had evaluable lesions, and their responses included no CR, 5 PRs, 3 cases of SD, and 3 cases of PD. The PR duration was 1-3 (mean, 1.6) months. The side effects encountered in this group included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, heart failure, and hair loss.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy for advanced urothelial-tract carcinoma. 139 20

Forty-one patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were treated every four weeks with methotrexate 25 mg/m2 i.v. days 1, 8, 15; vincristine 1 mg/m2 i.v. day 1; lomustine 100 mg/m2 p.o. day 1. Inclusion criteria were: failure of previous 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin treatment; performance status (ECOG) 0-2; age less than 60 years; presence of symptoms; absence of concomitant diseases. Metastatic sites were: liver 30, lung 4, abdominal/pelvic mass 7. Three patients achieved partial responses (2 liver, 1 lung metastases); 4 showed stable disease and 34 progressed on therapy. The median survival of patients with partial response, stable disease and progression was comparable (24, 21, 22 weeks respectively). The most common toxicity was hematologic (thrombocytopenia and leukopenia). Other side effects included nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and diarrhea. Symptoms were not affected by treatment. We conclude that salvage chemotherapy is not recommended in colorectal cancer after 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin treatment even in patients with generally considered favorable characteristics for response to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Salvage chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients with good performance status and young age after failure of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination. 140 70

From April 89 to October 90, 41 patients operated for a Dukes B or C colorectal cancer were randomized to receive 6 courses of adjuvant treatment with (A) 5-FU alone (440 mg/m2 IV bolus 5/21 days) or (B) folinic acid (200 mg/m2 IV bolus 5/21 days) preceding 5-FU (370 mg/m2 in short infusion 5/21 days). Ten patients received also one course of immediate post-operative continuous portal infusion (5-FU 500 mg/m2/day x 7 followed by a 2 hours infusion of mitomycin C 10 mg/m2). The portal treatment was well tolerated (1 case of GI tract disturbances, 1 catheter obstruction). The toxicity of adjuvant systemic treatment was evaluated on 232 courses (125 A, 107 B). Hematologic and skin toxicities, alopecia and nausea-vomiting were mild. The limiting toxicities (expressed as percentages of courses) were stomatitis (grades 2-3: 11.4% A; 22.6% B) and diarrhea (grades 3-4: 7.3% A; 14.2% B; one toxic death was to deplore in arm B from a grade 4 diarrhea). The pilot study has demonstrated the feasibility of the adjuvant treatment proposed; a multicentric randomized trial (expected accrual: 800 patients) has therefore been activated on 11.01.90; all patients will also receive levamisole while radio-therapy will be mandatory for rectal cancer.
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PMID:[Tolerance of adjuvant treatment combining postoperative intraportal chemotherapy and a systemic treatment based on 5-fluorouracil in colorectal carcinoma with a histologically poor prognosis]. 146 46

The benefits from medical treatment in colorectal cancer are limited. Fluorouracil remains the only recognized drug, and how to treat unresponsive patients is still debated. To evaluate the role of folinic acid (FA) in circumvence resistance in colorectal cancer, 28 patients pretreated with fluoropyrimidine were candidated to receive one of the following schedules: fluorouracil (600 mg/m2) associated with FA (500 mg/m2) weekly for 6 weeks (Regimen A: 21 cases), or fluorouracil (370 mg/m2) plus FA (200 mg/m2) daily for 5 days every 4 weeks (Regimen B: 7 cases). Fourteen patients were pretreated with doxifluridine, a new fluoropyrimidine derivative with a peculiar mechanism of action, and the remaining 14 patients with fluorouracil. All but 2 patients were unresponsive to first-line treatments. When the treatment began, the median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 30-68). The performance status (ECOG) was 0/1 in 25 of them, and the primary tumor was in the colon and rectum in 19 and 9 patients, respectively. Sites of disease were liver (64%), lung (35%), local recurrence (10%) and peritoneum (10%). A median of 3 cycles (range, 1-7) was delivered, and no objective response was observed in the group of patients pretreated with doxifluridine or in the group pretreated with fluorouracil. In 5 cases a significant decrease in baseline CEA values was observed. Therapy was well tolerated, and no grade 4 toxicity was encountered. Severe toxicity was limited and included diarrhea (7 patients), stomatitis (1 patient) and nausea/vomiting (1 patient). High-dose FA has no role in reversing resistance to fluoropyrimidine, and other mechanisms of refractoriness are surely involved. FA should be associated with fluoropyrimidine as first-line therapy together with other biochemical modulators. Further rescue therapies need to be developed.
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PMID:Reversal of resistance to doxifluridine and fluorouracil in metastatic colorectal cancer: the role of high-dose folinic acid. 146 82

In an open study, 62 patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated ulcer disease or functional dyspepsia were treated for two weeks with 2 x 20 mg omeprazole preprandially and 4 x 500 mg amoxicillin suspension one hour before meals and at night. 57 patients (active ulcer disease: n = 53, functional dyspepsia: n = 4) completed the study without contravening the protocol. The rate of eradication of the bacteria at least 4 weeks after cessation of study medication was 82.5% (47/57 patients). Three patients experienced side effects during the treatment period (stomatitis, self-limiting diarrhea, allergic exanthema). In one case allergic exanthema led to discontinuation of therapy. 11 patients with H. pylori-associated ulcer disease received 2 x 20 mg omeprazole for two weeks. In this group no eradication of bacteria was observed.
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PMID:Two weeks treatment with amoxicillin/omeprazole for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 147 83

Pediatric oncology nurses provide a major role in the assessment and management of gastrointestinal complications in children resulting from cancer therapies. The clinical problems most frequently seen in this area include stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. These areas are reviewed in detail according to various nursing diagnoses including definitions and pathophysiology, recent studies and interventions, special considerations for children, and patient and parent education.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations in the child with cancer. 149 30

Because of the different sites and mechanisms of biochemical interaction among 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin (LV) and interferon (IFN), we hypothesized that the concomitant use of IFN could increase the activity of the 5-FU/LV combination in colorectal cancer patients. Forty-five patients were included in the study and all were evaluable for response and toxicity. They were treated with 5-FU 370 mg/sqm i.v. d 2-6; LV 200 mg/sqm i.v. d 2-6; IFN alpha 2b 3 million U im d 1-7 every 21 days. Six patients achieved complete responses, 17 partial responses, 14 had stable disease and 8 progressed on therapy for an overall response rate of 51%. Median survival has not been reached. At a median follow-up of 14 months 33 of 45 patients remain alive. Nine patients experienced toxicity grade 3 (6 diarrhea and 3 stomatitis). Our results seem to suggest that IFN could increase 5-FU/LV activity and that this combination is well tolerated.
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PMID:Double biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil by leucovorin and cyclic low dose interferon alpha 2b in advanced colorectal cancer patients. 149 68


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