Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapeutic regimens, such as cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + 5FU (CAF) or cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + 5FU (CMF), are sometimes used in combination with endocrine or radiotherapy as a standard first line of treatment for recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. However, many cases are, or become, refractory to these treatments. METHODS: Twenty-one women with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer who previously underwent treatment were administered our original regimen of combinationchemotherapy, MFL-P: Day 1, bolus methotrexate (MTX) 50 mg/body (median dose, 33 mg/m(2); range, 29-35 mg/m(2)) and 4 hours later 5-fluorouracil (5FU) 750 mg/body/h (median dose, 497 mg/m(2)/h; range, 441-528 mg/m(2) /h); Days 2-3, bolus leucovorin(LV) 15 mg/body every 8 h x 3; Days 2-5, 72 hours continuous 5FU 750 mg/body/24h; Day 6, cisplatin (CDDP) 50 mg/body/h (median dose, 33 mg/m(2)/h; range, 29-35 mg/m(2) /h) with sufficient hydration. The subjects ranged in age from 26 to 63 years (mean age, 51.3 years). RESULTS: One complete and 9 partial responses were achieved among the 20 patients (response rate, 50%). In 1 patient, diffuse liver metastasis was not measurable. Among various metastatic sites, a higher response rate was observed especially for soft tissue lesions (skin, chest wall and lymph nodes; 9 responders among 11 lesions). On the other hand, in visceral or skeletal metastases, the response rate was poor. The adverse effects were tolerable in all patients, except for common low-grade stomatitis or anorexia. CONCLUSION: MFL-P is useful as a second or third line of therapy for patients with refractory, recurrent or metastatic breast cancer with soft tissues lesions.
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PMID:MFL-P Chemotherapy for Pretreated Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: A Regimen with Triple Biochemical Modulation by MTX-5FU, LV-5FU and 5FU-CDDP. 1109 14

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. The treatment of this condition is primarily surgical, but medical management in selected cases is safe, effective, cost-effective and eliminates the morbidity of surgery. Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist that can be used for non-oncologic purposes including the treatment of EP. The dose and duration of MTX therapy for EP is much lower than that used in oncology cases, thus reducing side effects and increasing safety. MTX selectively acts on rapidly dividing cells, such as trophoblast cells which comprise the implantation site of the early gestation. The two most common methods of administering MTX to patients with EP are im. administration of a single-dose, based on body surface area and calculated by the equation 50 mg/m(2) (without the need for leucovorin rescue), or the multiple-dose regimen of 1 mg/kg of MTX, alternating with 0.1 mg/kg of leucovorin rescue. Both methods have a similar side effect profile, resulting in the rare occurrence of nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, elevated liver function tests, anorexia and diarrhoea. The two methods yield success rates similar to those of conservative surgical therapy with similar future fertility. The potential single- and multi-dose methods have never been directly compared, but it appears that the success of multiple dosing is more effective. As the efficacy of MTX therapy is not 100%, women must be followed clinically until there is compete resolution of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) titres from their serum.
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PMID:The pharmacology of methotrexate. 1133 95

We recently experienced a case of mandibular gingival cancer T4N0M0 which markedly responded to a combination therapy of nedaplatin (254-S) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The patient was a 68-year-old male who visited our department with the main complaint of ulceration in the left mandibular gingiva. Biopsy revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma which extended to the mandible, mandibular gingiva, buccal mucosa, half tongue and oral floor on the left side of the face. As a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), 254-S at a dose of 100 mg/m2 was intravenously administered on day 1, while 5-FU at a dose of 700 mg/m2/day was intravenously administered from day 1 to 5 in succession. Hydration (2,000 ml/day) was performed from day 1 to 3. Adverse reactions observed included thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and SIADH, but no sign of renal dysfunction was observed. The clinical outcome was evaluated as CR. Surgery was performed later. Pathological examination of the extracted tissues showed tumor cells in the tongue only, indicating an excellent effect of this combination therapy of 254-S and 5-FU.
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PMID:[A case of mandibular gingival cancer T4N0M0 which markedly responded to a combined therapy of nedaplatin with 5-fluorouracil]. 1157 39

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel oral anticancer fluoropyrimidine derivative, S-1, in patients receiving initial chemotherapy for unresectable, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Between June 1996 and July 1998, 62 patients with NSCLC who had not received previous chemotherapy for advanced disease were enrolled in this study. 59 patients (22 stage IIIB and 37 stage IV) were eligible for the evaluation of efficacy and safety. S-1 was administered orally, twice daily, after meals. 3 dosages of S-1 were prescribed according to body surface area (BSA) so that they would be approximately equivalent to 80 mg m(-2)day(-1): BSA < 1.25 m(2), 40 mg b.i.d.; BSA> or =1.25 but <1.5 m(2); 50 mg b.i.d., and BSA> or =1.5 m(2): 60 mg b.i.d. One cycle consisted of consecutive administration of S-1 for 28 days followed by a 2-week rest period, and cycles were repeated up to 4 times. The partial response (PR) rate of the eligible patients was 22.0% (13/59); (95% confidence interval: 12.3-34.7%). A PR was observed in 22.7% (5/22) of the stage IIIB patients and 21.6% (8/37) of the stage IV patients. The median response duration was 3.4 months (1.1-13.7 months or longer). Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in one of the 59 patients (1.7%). The grade 3 or 4 toxicities consisted of decreased haemoglobin level in 1.7% of patients (1/59), neutropenia in 6.8% (4/59), thrombocytopenia in 1.7% (1/59), anorexia in 10.2% (6/59), diarrhoea in 8.5% (5/59), stomatitis in 1.7% (1/59), and malaise in 6.8% (4/59), and their incidences were relatively low. There were no irreversible, severe or unexpected toxicities. The median survival time (MST) of all patients was 10.2 months (95% confidence interval: 7.7-14.5 months), and the one-year survival rate was 41.1%. The MST of the stage IIIB patients was 7.9 months, and that of the stage IV patients was 11.1 months. The one-year survival rates of the stage IIIB and IV patients were 30.7% and 47.4%, respectively. S-1 was considered to be an active single agent against NSCLC. Further study of S-1 with other active agents is warranted.
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PMID:Phase II study of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil, in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. 1159 62

A late phase II clinical study of S-1, a novel oral antitumor agent of fluorinated pyrimidines, in patients with advanced/recurrent head and neck cancer was conducted in 25 institutions across Japan as a multi-institutional cooperative study from August 1995 to March 1998. Out of 59 eligible patients, the objective responses were 4 complete responses (CR) and 13 partial responses (PR). The response rate was 28.8% (17/59, 95% CI: 17.8-42.1%). The response rate in previously treated patients was 28.3% (15/53), whereas that in treatment naive patients was 33.3% (2/6). The response rate in patients with prior chemotherapy was 26.7% (12/45). Major adverse reactions of grade 2 or more were anemia (25.4%, 15/59), leucopenia (22.0%, 13/59), neutropenia (25.4%, 15/59), thrombocytopenia (3.4%, 2/59), anorexia (6.8%, 4/59), nausea/vomiting (1.7%, 1/59), stomatitis (1.7%, 1/59), skin symptoms including eruptions or desquamation (5.1%, 3/59), and malaise (1.7%, 1/59). Grade 4 anemia was observed in one case; however, this returned to the normal level after the termination of drug administration and the blood transfusion. Therefore, this event was confirmed to be reversible. Based on these results, we conclude that S-1 is an active agent for the treatment of advanced/recurrent head and neck cancer.
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PMID:[Late phase II study of S-1 in patients with advanced head and neck cancer]. 1168 Dec 45

An early phase II multi-center collaborative study of amrubicin hydrochloride, a novel synthetic anthracycline derivative anticancer agent, was conducted for malignant lymphoma at 12 institutions nationwide. A total of 41 patients were enrolled in this study between January 1988 and October 1990. Of these, 36 patients, six patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 30 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), were eligible for the study. The starting dose of amrubicin hydrochloride was 100 mg/m2 (body surface area) and it was administered once every three weeks, in principle. The efficacy was assessed for 34 patients, excluding two patients: one who has not been followed up adequately and the other violated the dosing schedule (once per week). The overall response rates (CR + PR) were 50.0% (3/6) for HD and 42.9% (12/28) for NHL. Furthermore, a relatively high response rate was noted in 8 (36.4%) of 22 NHL patients who had been treated with other anthracycline derivatives prior to the trial. The safety of amrubicin hydrochloride was assessed for 36 eligible patients. Leukopenia (grade 3 or higher) and thrombocytopenia were noted in 21 patients (58.3%) and 10 patients (27.8%), respectively. Anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fever, alopecia, decrease in hemoglobin and elevations of GOT and GPT levels were observed with a relatively high frequency. Other than myelosuppression, the following adverse reactions (grade 3 or higher) occurred during the course of the trial: diarrhea (two patients), alopecia (two patients), stomatitis (one patient), anorexia (one patient), nausea/vomiting (one patient) and fever (one patient). In conclusion, these results indicate that amrubicin hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of patients with malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:[Early phase II clinical trial of amrubicin hydrochloride in patients with malignant lymphoma]. 1172 78

A late phase II clinical trial of amrubicin hydrochloride, a novel synthetic anthracycline derivative anticancer agent, was conducted at 14 institutions nationwide, in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this multi-center collaborative study, doxorubicin hydrochloride was replaced by amrubicin hydrochloride in CHOP therapy, a standard regimen for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate and prednisolone. A total of 39 patients were enrolled in this study between January 1996 and March 1998. Among them, 37 patients were eligible for this study. The study drugs were administered to patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to the following schedule: amrubicin hydrochloride (100 mg/m2, body surface area), cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) and vincristine sulfate (1.4 mg/m2, a maximal dose of 2.0 mg/body) were administered intravenously on day one, while prednisolone (60 mg/m2/day) was administered orally on days 1 to 5. This cycle of treatment was repeated every three weeks in principle. The efficacy and safety were assessed for 37 eligible patients. The combined rate for CR + CRu was 70.3% (26/37) and the overall response rate (CR + CRu + PR) was 86.5% (32/37). demonstrating that amrubicin hydrochloride was very effective in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most frequent adverse reactions that occurred during the study were myelosuppressions: leukopenia and neutropenia, 100% (37/37); and decreases in hemoglobin levels, 81.1% (30/37). Thrombocytopenia, elevations of serum GOT and GPT levels, anorexia, nausea/vomitting, fever, stomatitis and alopecia were also observed. Although leukopenia and neutropenia of grade 3 or higher were noted in 89.2% (33/37) and 94.6% (35/37), respectively, they were controllable by administrations of G-CSF or solely by follow-up observations. One patient developed intestinal paralysis (grade 4) and another developed hematemesis. In conclusion, these results indicate that amrubicin hydrochloride is an effective agent as a component of combination chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:[Late phase II clinical study of amrubicin hydrochloride, a novel synthetic anthracycline derivative anticancer agent, for malignant lymphoma]. 1172 79

Tegafur is a prodrug of the antineoplastic agent fluorouracil, and is administered in a 1:4 molar ratio with the fluorouracil modulator uracil. Oral tegafur/uracil 300 mg/m(2)/day plus calcium folinate 75 or 90 mg/day for 28 days every 35 days was as effective as intravenous (IV) fluorouracil 425 mg/m(2)/day plus folinic acid 20 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days every 28 or 35 days in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in two large, randomised, nonblind, multicentre trials (n = 816 and 380). Median survival time among patients treated with tegafur/ uracil or fluorouracil was approximately 12 months in both trials. Results from both trials also demonstrated no significant between-group differences in overall response rates among patients treated with oral tegafur/uracil (12 and 11%) or IV fluorouracil (15 and 9%). In elderly patients (aged > or = 70 years) with metastatic colorectal cancer, results from small noncomparative studies showed that treatment with oral tegafur/uracil afforded overall response rates of 12.5 to 29% and was well tolerated. During preoperative treatment with oral tegafur/uracil plus calcium folinate as an adjunct to radiotherapy in patients with stage II or III rectal cancer, the maximum tolerated dosage of tegafur/uracil was 350 mg/m(2)/day (administered 5 days per week for 5 weeks). Among the 15 patients who were followed for 5 to 8 months, three had a complete response to treatment. Treatment with tegafur/uracil was also given postoperatively. The most common adverse events associated with oral tegafur/uracil were anaemia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, neutropenia, asthenia, anorexia and abdominal pain. Oral tegafur/uracil was associated with a significantly more favourable tolerability profile than IV fluorouracil in the two large randomised trials. In particular, stomatitis and most adverse haematological events were less frequent.
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PMID:Oral tegafur/uracil. 1188 48

Pellagra is a nutritional wasting disease attributable to a combined deficiency of tryptophan and niacin (nicotinic acid). It is characterized clinically by four classic symptoms often referred to as the four Ds: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death. Prior to the development of these symptoms, other nonspecific symptoms insidiously manifest and mostly affect the dermatological, neuropsychiatric, and gastrointestinal systems. A review of the literature reveals several case reports describing pellagra in patients with anorexia nervosa. The most common features of pellagra in patients with anorexia nervosa are cutaneous manifestations such as erythema on sun-exposed areas, glossitis, and stomatitis. Health care providers might consider a trial of 150-500 mg niacin if anorexic patients exhibit these cutaneous findings. Pellagra can be diagnosed if cutaneous symptoms resolve within 24-48 hours after oral niacin administration. To further corroborate a diagnosis of pellagra in anorexic patients, specific 24-hour urine tests for niacin metabolites and 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid could be run prior to treatment with niacin being instituted. Other factors, such as mycotoxins, excessive dietary leucine intake (although not in anorexia), estrogens and progestogens, carcinoid syndrome, and various medications, might also lead to the development of pellagra. Although pellagra appears to be a rare, yet possible secondary complication of anorexia nervosa, it should be considered in the work-up of patients who exhibit cutaneous manifestations subsequent to sunlight exposure.
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PMID:Pellagra may be a rare secondary complication of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review of the literature. 1277 63

A 66-year-old man was found to have both advanced cancer of the middle thoracic esophagus and advanced cancer of the middle third of the stomach with paraaortic lymph node metastases. The prognosis was poor because of local advanced disease and distant metastasis. The patient was therefore given combined chemotherapy with TS-1 and cisplatin. TS-1 (80 mg/day) was administered on days 1 to 5, 8 to 12, 15 to 19, and 22 to 26 (weekday-on/weekend-off schedule), and cisplatin (70 mg/m2 intravenously over the course of 2 hours) was administered on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. After 2 courses of chemotherapy the esophageal lesion had a complete response, and the gastric lesion had a partial response (reduction ratio, 71.4%). However, stomatitis and anorexia of grade 2 (NCI-CTC) occurred. Two courses of TS-1 alone (80 mg/m2) were therefore given. The esophageal lesion continued to show a complete response and the gastric lesion a partial response (reduction ratio, 85.7%). There was no change in the para-aortic lymph node metastasis (No. 16a2 latero). No adverse reaction to chemotherapy was severer than grade 3, and a good response was obtained. These findings indicate that chemotherapy with a combination of TS-1 and cisplatin is effective against advanced esophageal cancer and advanced gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Remarkable response of simultaneous advanced esophageal and gastric cancer to combined chemotherapy with weekday-on/Weekend-off TS-1 plus biweekly cisplatin]. 1451 17


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