Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the qualitative and quantiative effect of various infectious epsiodes on the blood serum levels of retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP). Twenty-four children and 30 adult subjects were studied. The infections studied included chickenpox (n = 7); bronchitis (n = 9) upper respiratory infection (n = 30); tonsillitis (n = 2); diarrhea (n = 2) and one case each of: febrile stomatitis, nonspecific gastrointestinal alteration, urinary infection and shigellosis. In addition to retinol and RBP, the study determined changes in serum carotene, proteins, albumin and globulins. The results clearly demonstrate the marked depressing effect of infections on serum retinol, with a magnitude which in many cases reached more than 20 micrograms/dl, and in others more than 30 micrograms/dl. The RBP levels were significantly correlated with retinol, decreasing proportionally with infection. Serum albumin also decreased in most instances; and the globulin levels of the children, but not of the adults, were significantly higher during the infections. Carotene did not show important variations. The effects were more intense when fever accompanied the infectious episodes. These results are considered of great public health significance, in view of the large majorities, mainly children, who ordinarily subsist with very low serum retinol levels in the underdeveloped regions of the world. As infections attack these underpriviledged children, their serum retinol and RBP levels will likely drop a magnitude similar to that observed in the subjects of this study. They may then reach even more critically deficient retinol levels and be in serious danger of developing a severe acute state of clinical vitamin A deficiency.
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PMID:[Decrease in serum levels of retinol and its binding protein (RBP) in infection]. 57 85

The peripheral membrane M protein of vesicular stomatitis virus purified by detergent extraction of virions and ion-exchange chromatography was determined to be a monomer in the absence of detergent at high salt concentrations. Reduction of the ionic strength below 0.2 M resulted in a rapid aggregation of M protein. This self-association was reversible by the detergent Triton X-100 even in low salt. However, aggregation was not reversible by high salt concentration alone. M protein is initially synthesized as a soluble protein in the cytosol of infected cells, thus raising the question of how the solubility of M protein is maintained at physiological ionic strength. Addition of radiolabeled M protein purified from virions to unlabeled cytosol from either infected or uninfected cells inhibited the self-association reaction. Cytosolic fractions from infected or uninfected cells were equally effective at preventing the self-association of M protein. Self-association could also be prevented by an irrelevant protein such as bovine serum albumin. Sedimentation velocity analysis indicated that most of the newly synthesized M protein is monomeric, suggesting that the solubility of M protein in the cytosol is maintained by either low-affinity interaction with macromolecules in the cytosol or interaction of a small population of M-protein molecules with cytosolic components.
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PMID:Solubility of vesicular stomatitis virus M protein in the cytosol of infected cells or isolated from virions. 215 51

Seventy-nine patients with advanced, measurable, metastatic colorectal cancer previously unexposed to chemotherapy were randomly assigned to treatment with either fluorouracil (FUra) administered intravenously at a dose of 370 mg/m2/d for 5 days or the combination of FUra in the same dose and schedule with high-dose continuous infusion leucovorin calcium (500 mg/m2/d) beginning 24 hours before the first dose of FUra and continuing for 12 hours after the completion of FUra therapy. Patients whose disease progressed on treatment with FUra alone were, if eligible, crossed over to receive leucovorin and FUra. Three patients on the FUra plus leucovorin arm of the study were excluded from the analysis because they did not meet eligibility requirements. The treatment arms were well balanced for prognostic criteria including performance status, age, prior radiotherapy, distribution of metastatic sites, and on-study carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lactic dehydrogenase, and serum albumin. FUra plus leucovorin was superior to FUra alone for response (P = .0019) and for time to progression or death (log-rank, P = .045). Response rates were 16 of 36 (44%) versus five of 40 (13%), and median time to progression or death was 164 versus 120 days in the two arms of the trial, respectively. Overall survival, however, while longer in the FUra and leucovorin arm was not significantly so. An analysis of the toxicities experienced by the patients in the two treatment groups showed that, except for significantly more stomatitis in the leucovorin arm of the study, the side effects experienced by patients treated with either regimen were comparable. These results suggest that the efficacy of FUra in patients with advanced, measurable, metastatic colorectal cancer can be enhanced significantly by administration of a continuous high-dose infusion of leucovorin calcium.
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PMID:Prospective randomized comparison of fluorouracil versus fluorouracil and high-dose continuous infusion leucovorin calcium for the treatment of advanced measurable colorectal cancer in patients previously unexposed to chemotherapy. 240 10

Airborne infections with pathogenic viruses play an important role in the transmission of diseases amongst men and animals. We compared several media intended for impingement of viruses from virus-contaminated air and for their preserving effect for two enveloped viruses. Sindbis (SINV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), members of the families Toga- and Rhabdoviridae, respectively, were chosen as indicator agents. Amongst the media tested, a sampling fluid consisting of phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, 0.5% bovine serum albumin, 0.5% gelatine (PBSplus) was most efficient to minimize the sampling stress during impingement and to preserve the infectivity SINV and VSV under stringent conditions at 37 degrees C. About 50% of virus infectivity was recovered 15.7 or 30 hours, respectively, after the beginning of storage. Thus the recommended medium is also suitable for shipment and storage of diagnostic virus samples.
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PMID:Efficient medium for impingement and storage of enveloped viruses. 254 54

We used a viral model to reexamine classical experiments showing that mice previously primed with a "carrier" molecule alone and then challenged with the carrier-hapten conjugate exhibited an enhanced antihapten antibody response. Mice were primed with live or UV-inactivated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana (Ind) serotype with or without complete Freund's adjuvant. After challenge with VSV New Jersey (NJ), these mice developed a secondary-type IgG response, measured by antibody binding in an ELISA, against both VSV-Ind and VSV-NJ. The same result was found for the reciprocal experiments where mice were primed with VSV-NJ. Similarly, when mice were primed with live VSV, UV-inactivated VSV, or purified VSV glycoprotein G of Ind or NJ serotype and later were challenged with dinitrophenyl (N2ph)-conjugated, UV-inactivated VSV or with N2ph-conjugated G protein of either serotype, they exhibited a secondary-type anti-N2ph antibody response as demonstrated by the binding of IgG to dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin measured by ELISA. In contrast, when neutralizing antibody responses were monitored, VSV-Ind-primed mice challenged with VSV-NJ developed a strictly primary type of anti-VSV-NJ response and vice versa. We conclude that preexistent helper T cells specific for shared carrier determinants do not improve virgin B-cell responses specific for "new," unique determinants that are the target for the biologically relevant neutralizing antibodies. These findings suggest that priming of B cells rather than of helper T cells may be of importance to induce protective immunity mediated by antibodies.
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PMID:Primary antibody responses to a well-defined and unique hapten are not enhanced by preimmunization with carrier: analysis in a viral model. 301 Mar 14

Human neutrophils contain a family of microbicidal peptides known as defensins. One of these defensins, human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1, was purified, and its ability to directly inactivate several viruses was extensively tested. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and influenza virus A/WSN were inactivated by incubation with HNP-1. Two nonenveloped viruses, echovirus type 11 and reovirus type 3, were resistant to inactivation. Purified homologous peptides HNP-2 and HNP-3 were found to have HSV-1-neutralizing activities approximately equal to that of HNP-1. Inactivation of HSV-1 by HNP-1 depended on the time, temperature, and pH of incubation. Antiviral activity was abrogated by low temperature or prior reduction and alkylation of the defensins. Addition of serum or serum albumin to the incubation mixtures inhibited neutralization of HSV-1 by HNP-1. We used density gradient sedimentation techniques to demonstrate that HNP-1 bound to HSV-1 in a temperature-dependent manner. We speculate that binding of defensin peptides to certain viruses may impair their ability to infect cells.
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PMID:Direct inactivation of viruses by human granulocyte defensins. 302 59

Individual tolerance to single or widely spaced doses of methotrexate was explored in 49 patients with advanced cancer with normal serum creatinine and/or blood urea nitrogen. Methotrexate was given as an intravenous infusion over 1 hour at initial doses of 80-120 mg./m(2) body surface area. The doses were increased by 50% increments every 2 weeks until moderate toxicity occurred, arbitrarily defined as leukopenia <5000/mm.(3), and/or thrombocytopenia <100,000/mm.(3), and/or the appearance of oral mucous or intestinal toxicity.The individual dose required to produce initial evidence of toxicity varied by a factor of 18 between 50 and 900 mg./m(2). Starting doses above 80 mg./m(2) were potentially hazardous. Dose limiting toxicity consisted of leukopenia with or without stomatitis in 81% of the patients, and stomatitis without leukopenia, in 19%. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 19% of the patients, but was never a dose limiting factor alone. Leukopenia always preceded thrombocytopenia. The nadir for haematologic toxicity varied considerably between day 5-15 and 9-14 for leukocytes and platelets, respectively, while oral ulcerations, when they occurred, consistently began between days 3-6 after drug administration. Other toxic manifestations included dermatologic changes in 8 patients, hepatic dysfunction in 7, conjunctivitis in 7, nausea and vomiting in 6, alopecia in 4, and diarrhea in 3 patients.The only factor which predicted toxicity was the patient's age. Drug tolerance was independent of previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, weight loss, serum albumin or pretreatment serum folic acid levels.
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PMID:The variability of individual tolerance to methotrexate in cancer patients. 425 7

The heterobifunctional reagent N-succinilimidyl 3-(2-pyridylthio)propionate (SPDP) was used for the preparation of a disulphide-linked conjugate between Namalwa lymphoblastoid interferon and serum albumin. The linkage of interferon to albumin did not reduce the ability to protect MDBK cells against infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The conjugate did not dissociate into free interferon and albumin under conditions prevailing in the assay for interferon activity. The rate of clearance of the interferon-albumin conjugate from the mouse circulatory system was somewhat slower than that of free interferon.
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PMID:Interferon-albumin conjugate with conserved biological activity. 616 69

The effects of infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to heterologous serum proteins were investigated in mice. DTH was induced by a subcutaneous injection of antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Infection with VSV at the time of immunization did not affect the level of DTH elicited 3 wk later. Marked augmentation of DTH was observed only when previously immunized mice were infected with VSV simultaneously with restimulation by soluble antigen; either soluble antigen or the virus infection alone was ineffective. The augmentation was specific to the antigen used for the restimulation; in the mouse previously immunized with both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human alpha-globulin (HGG), DTH to BSA but not to HGG was augmented by injecting soluble BSA and VSV, and vice versa. These results strongly suggest that cells involved in the suppression of DTH manifestation became susceptible to the virus after specific antigenic restimulation and were then eliminated.
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PMID:Augmentation of delayed-type hypersensitivity to serum proteins by vesicular stomatitis virus infection in mice: virus-suppressor cell interactions. 617 56

Cholesterol was depleted from the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virus by exposing virion suspensions to serum lipoproteins enriched with phospholipids. Unlike the reaction of virions with phospholipid vesicle, nonspecific adherence of lipoproteins and exogenous lipids to the envelope of the virus was found to be minimal. The extent of cholesterol depletion was dependent upon the type of phospholipid complexed with interacting lipoprotein; sphingomyelin and dipalmitoyllecithin were found to be highly effective depleters of cholesterol compared to egg phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylserine. Similar depletion of cholesterol from the virion membrane was also observed when vesicular stomatitis virus was exposed to a complex of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and bovine serum albumin coated with egg phosphatidylcholine or dioleoylphosphatidylcholine. Cholesterol depletion was found to alter the morphology but not the membrane integrity of the virus. Directly correlated with depletion of cholesterol was a substantial loss in the anisotropy of the viral membrane as determined by fluorescence depolarization of the lipophilic probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Interaction with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) complexed with albumin, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol resulted in exchange of cholesterol from the virion membrane which following biphasic kinetics with a rapid and a slow phase; these data indicate that 75-85% of viral membrane cholesterol is present in the outer monolayer, and 15-25% is located in the inner monolayer. Depletion of cholesterol from the virion membrane resulted in a significant drop in the infectivity of the virus as measured by plating efficiency on L-cell monolayers. Such an effect was not observed when virion cholesterol was exchanged without net reduction in the concentration of viral membrane cholesterol. Part of the loss in infectivity following depletion of cholesterol could be restored by reincorporation of cholesterol in the membrane, thus demonstrating that membrane cholesterol partly contributes to the infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus.
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PMID:Depletion and exchange of cholesterol from the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virus by interaction with serum lipoproteins or poly(vinylpyrrolidone) complexed with bovine serum albumin. 626 Jan 33


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