Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 185 eligible patients with advanced inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized into two groups; the cisplatin, methotrexate, bleomycin, and vincristine (CABO) group received cisplatin (50 mg/m2; day 4), methotrexate (40 mg/m2; days 1, 15), bleomycin (10 mg; days 1, 8, and 15), and vincristine (2 mg; days 1, 8, and 15) and the ABO group received methotrexate, bleomycin and vincristine in the same doses on days 1, 8, and 15. After three courses, patients in both arms received weekly methotrexate as maintenance therapy; those 34 patients with previously untreated locoregional disease went off the study because of subsequent locoregional treatment in form of radiotherapy +/- surgery. The complete response rate was 16% in patients receiving CABO, compared with 5% among patients given ABO. The corresponding overall response rates were 50% and 28%, respectively (P = 0.003). Among patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, progression was delayed in patients receiving CABO (median, 18 weeks) compared to those receiving ABO (median, 14 weeks) (P = 0.07), but there was no difference in survival time. Myelosuppression consisted mostly of leukopenia, which was seen in 67% of the CABO patients versus 47% in the other arm. Myelosuppression-associated infection and hemorrhage led to death in two patients in the CABO treatment group and six patients in the ABO treatment group. Nausea and vomiting, mostly of grades 1 or 2, occurred in 93% of the patients given CABO and 44% of those receiving ABO. Other toxic effects--neuropathy, alopecia, stomatitis, constipation, fever/chills, diarrhea, cutaneous alterations, and renal impairment--occurred equally in the two treatment groups. This study underlines the role of cisplatin in head and neck cancer, although no impact on survival could be demonstrated. It also supports indirectly the superiority of combination chemotherapy over single-agent treatment for this disease.
 ...
PMID:Combination chemotherapy with methotrexate, bleomycin, and vincristine with or without cisplatin in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 244 36

Although there are notable infectious conditions that are capable of producing clinical disease in the NWC, overall, these species are quite healthy. Of the bacterial diseases, enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens types C and D would be deemed the most significant in North America, while type A also would be regarded as important in South America. Other important bacterial infections of potential concern are tuberculosis, Johne's disease, anthrax, malignant edema, actinomycosis, tetanus, and the South American condition referred to as alpaca fever, which, to date, has not been observed in North America. Fungal infections include classical ringworm, principally caused by Trichophyton spp., and the cases of coccidioidomycosis that are associated with the arid desert lands of the southwestern United States. Most notable of naturally occurring viral infections in the NWC would be rabies, ecthyma, and a recently described blindness neuropathy that has been associated with the equine herpesvirus I. NWC can be infected experimentally with agents causing hoof-and-mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis, but naturally occurring cases do not seem to occur. Serological evidence of exposure to many viral agents, including blue tongue, parainfluenza 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus I, bovine viral diarrhea, influenza A, and rotavirus, has been demonstrated; however, no clinical disease associated with these agents, as yet, is apparent.
 ...
PMID:Infectious diseases of New-World camelids (NWC). 264 31

Recent advances in the chemotherapy of malignant diseases, particularly, in hematopoietic malignancies, has opened oncologists' eyes in wonder, whereas the chemotherapy of solid malignant diseases including the carcinoma of the lung is not satisfactory compared with the results of other modalities such as radiotherapy and surgery. The chemotherapy, however, gradually becomes a great importance because the majority of the cases of lung cancer is that of advanced one. Between June, 1974 and December 1980 we experienced 54 inoperable cases of lung cancers among which there were 11 cases diagnosed as an anaplastic carcinoma. The combination chemotherapy of vincristine (1 mg/body, iv, day 1), methotrexate (30 mg/body, iv, day 1 and 5), ACNU (100mg/body, iv, day 2) and adriamycin (40mg/m2, iv, day 2) was employed. Vincristine and methotrexate were given every 3 weeks and ACNU and adriamycin were repeated every 9 weeks. If the moderate degree of neuropathy due to vincristine occurred it was suspended and methotrexate was stopped if WBC was less than 2000/mm or if patients were suffered from stomatitis which disturbed their swallowing. According to the response criteria of Koyama-Saito 4, cases were responded and one of them survived 17 months after the initiation of above 4-drug combination chemotherapy, although she received another combination chemotherapy because of the relapse of disease. The combination chemotherapy of ACNU and adriamycin was tried to utilize the advantage of their time different effects on the bone marrow suppression and to cover heterogenous histopathological diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma. The heterogeneity of anaplastic carcinoma included undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and even small cell carcinoma. In taking consideration of these points, the drug-combination was designed. Clinically, however, the long resting period made the tumor regrow in some cases due to severe delayed myelosuppression by the combination of ACNU and adriamycin. Thus, more cautiously-designed combination should be considered.
 ...
PMID:[The combination chemotherapy of vincristine, methotrexate, ACNU, and adriamycin for anaplastic carcinoma of the lung]. 696 43

Methyl-GAG was given to 71 patients with advanced malignancies as a weekly brief infusion (30-120 minutes) or as a biweekly 24- or 120-hour infusion. Mucositis (stomatitis, pharyngitis, esophagitis, and, rarely, inflammation of other mucous membranes) was dose-limiting in all three schedules. Generalized fatigue, malaise, myalgia, dysesthesias, nausea, and vomiting were more frequent in the brief-infusion schedule. Myelosuppression was mild and not dose-related. Fever, ventricular arrhythmias, skin rash, tender swelling of the palms, neuropathy, and paralytic ileus were rare. Toxicity was increased in patients with renal insufficiency or "third-space" fluid but was not increased by hepatic dysfunction. Cumulative and overlapping toxicity was evident only in the weekly schedule. Higher doses of methyl-GAG were tolerated when the duration of infusion was increased. The recommended doses for phase II trials are 700 mg/m2 weekly as a 1-2 hour infusion, 850 mg/m2/24 hours biweekly, and 1500 mg/m2/120 hours biweekly. Therapeutic effects were seen in all schedules and included objective responses in colon carcinoma (one of 13 patients), renal cell carcinoma (one of nine), and Hodgkin's lymphoma (one of two) and objective improvements in esophageal carcinoma (one of three), endometrial carcinoma (two of two), and leiomyosarcoma (one of three).
 ...
PMID:Methyl-GAG in patients with malignant neoplasms: a phase I re-evaluation. 705 68

Lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic are widely dispersed in the environment. Adults are primarily exposed to these contaminants in the workplace. Children may be exposed to toxic metals from numerous sources, including contaminated air, water, soil and food. The chronic toxic effects of lead include anemia, neuropathy, chronic renal disease and reproductive impairment. Lead is a carcinogen in three animal species. Cadmium causes emphysema, chronic renal disease, cancer of the prostate and possibly of the lung. Inorganic mercury causes gingivitis, stomatitis, neurologic impairment and nephrosis, while organic mercurials cause sensory neuropathy, ataxia, dysarthria and blindness. Arsenic causes dermatitis, skin cancer, sensory neuropathy, cirrhosis, angiosarcoma of the liver, lung cancer and possibly lymphatic cancer.
 ...
PMID:Occupational and community exposures to toxic metals: lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. 716 33

Sixty patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to prior doxorubicin combinations were randomized by performance status, dominant disease site, and number of involved organ sites to receive vindesine either as a bolus injection of 3-4 mg/m2 iv every 10-14 days or as a continuous 5-day infusion of 1-1.2 mg/m2/day every 21 days. There were two patients with partial responses (7%) and six with stable disease among the 26 evaluable patients who received bolus injections. Of the 25 evaluable patients who received continuous infusions, seven achieved a partial response (28%) and 11 had stable disease (0.001 less than P less than 0.005). Thirteen patients, after failing to respond to bolus vindesine, were given continuous infusions. Of these, 11 were evaluable and four had partial response (36%). Responses were seen in all organ sites of involvement, with response duration ranging from 2 to 9+ months. Side effects included nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, constipation, neuropathy, fever, and myelosuppression. Except for myelosuppression, which was more evident with the continuous infusion schedule, no significant difference was seen in the frequency of side effects encountered with the two schedules. These results confirmed that there is an improved therapeutic index for vindesine when it is given as a continuous 5-day infusion.
 ...
PMID:Vindesine in the treatment of refractory breast cancer: improvement in therapeutic index with continuous 5-day infusion. 727 12

Recurrence of gastric cancer or colon cancer was observed in some patients who received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) high-dose continuous Methotrexate (MTX)-Leucovorin (LV) therapy (FML therapy) previously. 5-FU high-dose 48-hours continuous therapy (5-FU therapy) as maintenance therapy for the patients was performed in the hospital and successively at home. The patients included 3 with recurrent gastric cancer and 2 with recurrent colon cancer: there were 4 males and 1 female, the mean age was 51.8 years (33-59 years). All patients had received FML therapy during the hospital stay before the maintenance chemotherapy at home. 5-FU therapy (30 mg/kg/day x 2 days/w), 30.2 courses on an average (11-40 courses), was performed through a catheter (Port-A-Cath), which was introduced into the right subclavian vein and placed under the skin, with a Baxter infusion pump. The concentration of 5-FU was 197 +/- 172-401 +/- 127 ng/ml between the 2nd and 48th hour. Adverse reaction included anorexia in 5 patients, stomatitis in 4, pigmentation in 4, leukopenia in 3, neuropathy in 2 and alopecia in 1. The therapy was effective for 10.4 months on an average (4-18 months) and the mean survival period was 12.0 months (7-18 months).
 ...
PMID:[Usefulness of 5-FU high-dose continuous therapy at home in patients with recurrent gastric and colon cancer]. 780 45

Experimental data have suggested that the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) may counteract chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and immunosuppression. In addition, MLT has been shown to inhibit the production of free radicals, which play a part in mediating the toxicity of chemotherapy. A study was therefore performed in an attempt to evaluate the influence of MLT on chemotherapy toxicity. The study involved 80 patients with metastatic solid tumors who were in poor clinical condition (lung cancer: 35; breast cancer: 31; gastrointestinal tract tumors: 14). Lung cancer patients were treated with cisplatin and etoposide, breast cancer patients with mitoxantrone, and gastrointestinal tract tumor patients with 5-fluorouracil plus folates. Patients were randomised to receive chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus MLT (20 mg/day p.o. in the evening). Thrombocytopenia was significantly less frequent in patients concomitantly treated with MLT. Malaise and asthenia were also significantly less frequent in patients receiving MLT. Finally, stomatitis and neuropathy were less frequent in the MLT group, albeit without statistically significant differences. Alopecia and vomiting were not influenced by MLT. This pilot study seems to suggest that the concomitant administration of the pineal hormone MLT during chemotherapy may prevent some chemotherapy-induced side-effects, particularly myelosuppression and neuropathy. Evaluation of the impact of MLT on chemotherapy efficacy will be the aim of future clinical investigations.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced toxicity with the pineal hormone melatonin. 906 12

We conducted a phase I clinical trial of a new combination of fludarabine and paclitaxel in which 19 patients with histologically confirmed recurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated at five dose levels. Fludarabine was administered intravenously by bolus for 5 days and paclitaxel was given by intravenous (I.V.) continuous infusion for 96 or 72 hours starting day 1. Courses were repeated every 4 weeks. Patients whose disease responded received a maximum of six courses. All 19 patients received at least one course and could be evaluated for toxic effects, and 18 patients could be evaluated for response. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 20 mg/m2/day I.V. bolus for 5 days of fludarabine plus 60 mg/m2/day I.V. of paclitaxel given as a continuous infusion over 72 hours. The limiting toxic effect was neutropenic fever, which was observed in five of the seven patients treated at the highest dose level. Grade 3 non-hematologic toxic effects of stomatitis (14%), neuropathy (14%), and hypotension (14%) were also observed at the highest dose level. No grade 4 non-hematologic toxic effects or treatment-related deaths occurred. One patient had herpes zoster infection of the skin 1 year after the completion of therapy. The overall response rate was 50%, with the two patients whose disease completely responded remaining disease free at 22 and 17 months. Patients with no prior exposure to either paclitaxel or fludarabine had 62% response rate. We conclude that the combination of fludarabine and paclitaxel appears to have promising activity for the treatment of recurrent low-grade NHL.
 ...
PMID:Phase I study of fludarabine and paclitaxel for the treatment of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 925 Jul 90

The authors, by means of documental research, study the possibility that the physical and psychic symptoms of Vincent van Gogh may have been due to chronic lead poisoning. The technique and materials used by Van Gogh are analysed as the cause of repeated exposure to lead as well as the possible means of penetration of the metal. Through historical-biographical analysis, the progressive symptoms of the illness are compared with those of lead poisoning. The authors conclude that the excessive and continuous use by Van Gogh of pigments which were highly toxic due to their high lead content, such as white lead (lead carbonate) and yellow chrome (lead chromium), could have penetrated his organism by digestive system (primarily) in minimal daily amounts, giving rise to a clinical condition of chronic lead poisoning. This type of poisoning coincides with the clinical symptoms Van Gogh describes in his autographed letters: initial debilitation, stomatitis with loss of teeth, recurring abdominal pains, anaemia (with a "plumbic" skin tone), neuropathy of the radial and saturnine encephalopathy including epileptic crises, progressive character changes and periods of delirium. The clinical symptoms shown by Van Gogh meet present criteria for diagnosis of Organic Mental Disorder due to cerebral lesion or somatic illness (F.06; CIE-10) (DSM-IV-R), and Organic Character Disorder (F.07; CIE-10) (DSM-IV-R).
 ...
PMID:[Implication of lead poisoning in psychopathology of Vincent van Gogh]. 942 66


1 2 3 Next >>