Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intraperitoneal injection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) into mice causes marked and rapid changes in leukocyte distribution. The virus induces an increase in peripheral blood (PB) granulocytes and an extensive decrease in the lymphocyte count which reaches a nadir of less than 10% of preinfection values, 12 hr after virus inoculation. In the lymph nodes and spleen extensive lymphocyte translocation and granulocyte infiltration are observed. Most changes abate 48 hr following virus inoculation. Injection of poly(rI):(rC) causes similar changes to those observed with VSV. The lymphocyte changes observed after injection of VSV or poly(rI):(rC) coincide with high levels of interferon (IFN) in the serum. We have examined the effects of anti-IFN antibody on those changes and investigated whether they can be mimicked by injecting IFN. Our findings suggest that the IFN induced by VSV or poly(rI):(rC), rather than those agents themselves, causes the observed lymphopenia as well as some of the changes observed in the spleen. On the other hand, the effects of VSV on granulocyte localization do not appear to be mediated by IFN.
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PMID:Involvement of interferon in virus-induced lymphopenia. 686 Dec 9

Twenty-seven patients with advanced solid tumors (ten with lung cancer, eight with sarcoma, five with melanoma, four with miscellaneous tumors) were treated with high-dose doxorubicin (120 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for a total of 75 courses. As expected, marked myelosuppression was observed, with all patients having a granulocyte count nadir of less than 500 cells/mm3. The median platelet count nadir was 91 X 10(3)/mm3 following the first cycle and 50 X 10(3)/mm3 following the fourth cycle. Moderate or severe stomatitis was seen with 65% of the courses, and 46% of the courses were complicated by fever greater than 101 degrees F. Congestive heart failure was observed in only one patient after five cycles (600 mg/m2) of high-dose therapy. This patient has received 540 mg/m2 of doxorubicin 2 years previously. Radionuclide ventriculography (MUGA) performed serially in 12 patients (eight of whom received 480 mg/m2) and clinical evaluation did not suggest an increased risk of cardiotoxicity at this dose rate. Overall, 11 of 24 (46%) evaluable patients responded (58% if patients with malignant melanoma are excluded). Responses included one complete and three partial responses in eight evaluable patients with lung cancer, one complete and two partial responses in seven evaluable patients with sarcoma, and no objective responses in five patients with malignant melanoma. With appropriate supportive care, repetitive courses of doxorubicin at a dose of 120 mg/m2 can be given to patients of good performance status without a major increase in cardiotoxicity. However, the low complete remission rate, considering the observed toxicity, does not justify routine use of this regimen in patients with solid tumors.
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PMID:High-dose doxorubicin: an exploration of the dose-response curve in human neoplasia. 706 37

Therapeutic modalities employed in the treatment of maxillofacial malignancy, tumor resection, radiation and chemotherapy, can result in local and systemic changes in healthy oral tissues many years after anticancer therapy has been stopped. The immunologic status of a select group of nine individuals who underwent surgery of the maxillofacial region and after head and neck irradiation, with severe and persistent denture stomatitis was studied. A significant impairment of granulocyte and lymphocyte functions and increased concentrations of serum IgG, as compared to healthy controls, were found in the patients of the study group. It is concluded, that this group of patients show immunological abnormalities many years post therapy, which must be recognized by the clinician in order to effect a cure.
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PMID:Immunological status of patients with denture stomatitis and yeast infection after treatment of maxillofacial tumors. 748 64

We retrospectively reviewed the regimen-related toxicity associated with busulphan (1 mg/kg orally QID days -7 to -4) and cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg IV days -3 and -2) (Bu/Cy) chemotherapy in 69 consecutive patients who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Twenty-four patients received bone marrow (BM) alone, 22 received BM plus post-transplant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and 23 received peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) +/- BM plus post-transplant G-CSF. Toxicity was scored using the criteria of Bearman. Grade II and III toxicities included mucosa (38%), liver (8%), central nervous system (5%), kidney (5%), heart (3%), pericardium (2%), bladder (2%) and lung (2%). There were five treatment related deaths (7%) from pneumonitis (2) and veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary hemorrhage and sepsis (1 each). Post-transplant G-CSF (+/- PBPC) resulted in a trend (p = 0.07) towards a reduction in post-transplant stomatitis, but did not impact on the already low incidence of other organ toxicities. As Bu/Cy for ABMT is associated with minimal non-hemopoietic toxicity, the addition of other cytotoxic agents is justified in an attempt to augment the anti-tumour effect of this conditioning regimen.
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PMID:High dose busulphan/cyclophosphamide for autologous bone marrow transplantation is associated with minimal non-hemopoietic toxicity. 752 88

41 patients (pilot study-I) and 50 patients (multicenter study II) were randomized to receive as systemic chemotherapy for 6 courses with 5 FU alone (A) [440 (I)-450 (II) mg/m2 IV bolus, 5/21 days] or folinic acid followed by 5 FU (B) (respectively 200 and 370 mg/m2 IV bolus, 5/21 days). In the multicenter trial, oral levamisole at the dose of 150 mg/day (3/14 days) was added to chemotherapy for one year. Ten patients in study I and 19 patients in study II also received a post-operative course of intra-portal chemotherapy. Toxicity was evaluated respectively on 232 (I) and 276 (II) courses. Clinical limiting toxicities were stomatitis and diarrhea. In protocol II, a significant enhancement of grades 3-4 granulocyte toxicity was seen (17.3% of courses in II vs only 3.4% in I; p < 0.001). This was especially recorded in the group treated with 5-FU alone (26% of courses in A vs 11% in B; p < 0.001). Levamisole was therefore stopped in 12 cases (10 cases in A; 2 cases in B).
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PMID:Levamisole adds granulocyte toxicity to 5FU-based chemotherapies in adjuvant treatment of Dukes B-C colorectal cancer. A preliminary report. 765 45

Recent attempts to reduce weight by patients with anorexia nervosa have sometimes led to life-threatening hematologic complications. This report describes an instance in which a patient with anorexia nervosa and pancytopenia drastically improved with treatment that included administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The patient had lost 27 kg of body weight within 8 months. Even after admission, the blood cell count continued to decrease rapidly as follows: platelet, from 244 x 10(3)/microliters to 44 x 10(3)/microliters; erythrocyte, from 4.04 x 10(6)/microliters to 2.58 x 10(6)/microliters; and leukocyte, from 4.8 x 10(3)/microliters to 1.6 x 10(3)/microliters (granulocyte, 0.8 x 10(3)/microliters). Complications included pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, purpura, petechiae, hepatomegaly, fever, gangrenous stomatitis, and somnolence. Bone marrow aspiration disclosed absence of fat cells, marrow hypoplasia, and infiltration of the mature lymphocytes. Intravenous hyperalimentation, blood transfusion, gamma-globulin, and antibiotics were administered, but leukopenia and fever remained. However, administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor dramatically reversed the leukopenia and fever. With careful nutrition therapy, the patient's blood cell count and bone marrow normalized by the time of discharge. It was concluded that severe hematologic disorders may occur in patients with anorexia nervosa, and advanced treatment may be required to save the patient's life.
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PMID:Case report: reversal of severe leukopenia by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in anorexia nervosa. 768 51

Fazarabine (Arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytosine) is a synthetic pyrimidine nucleoside which combines the arabinose sugar of cytosine arabinoside with the triazine base of 5-azacytidine. It has demonstrated activity against a variety of human solid tumor xenografts including colon, lung and breast cancers. Eighteen patients with refractory metastatic colon cancer were enrolled in a phase II trial of fazarabine. The drug was administered as a 72 hr continuous infusion every 3-4 weeks; the starting dose was 2 mg/m2/hr as established in a previous phase I study. The major toxicity was neutropenia, as predicted from the phase I study. The median time to nadir for cycle 1 was 20 days, with a median granulocyte count of 437/microliters (range 36-1600/microliters); recovery was within 2-4 days, with only one incidence of fever and neutropenia in 42 cycles. Especially noted for their absence were thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting and stomatitis. No objective clinical responses were seen; one patient had stabilization of rapidly growing liver metastases for a period of 7 months. In view of fazarabine's narrow range of toxicities, future dose intensification trials utilizing fazarabine in combination with hematopoietic growth factors are worthy of consideration.
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PMID:Phase II study of fazarabine (NSC 281272) in patients with metastatic colon cancer. 768 14

Double hemibody irradiation (DHBI) is an alternative treatment of stage III multiple myeloma (MM) in patients aged over 55 years. Toxic side-effects such as myelosuppression are a severe limiting factor to its use. We performed DHBI associated with human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hrGM-CSF) as support therapy in 10 patients with stage III MM to improve the tolerance to this treatment. Ten patients received subcutaneously 5 micrograms/kg/d of hrGM-CSF during 2 weeks after each course of hemibody irradiation. All these patients had stage III MM: eight previously received chemotherapy, six of them were regarded as patients with refractory MM and two with relapse. Two patients received DHBI as first-line treatment. hrGM-CSF increased safety and tolerance of DHBI. GM-CSF support reduced the mean time between upper body irradiation (UBI) and lower body irradiation (LBI): 41 v 108 d in a cohort of 32 patients previously treated without growth factor support. Overall there was no lethal infection with hrGM-CSF or granulocytopenia (5.0 x 10(9)/l v 0.4 x 10(9)/l at day 15 in patients without growth factor). hrGM-CSF also reduced stomatitis grading and thrombocytopenia (90 x 10(9)/l v 45 x 10(9)/l at day 15). Furthermore, hrGM-CSF increased blood colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) and was well tolerated in all but one patient. hrGM-CSF reduces toxic side-effects of DHBI, thus providing an effective treatment in patients with advanced and resistant MM.
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PMID:Human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hrGM-CSF) improves double hemibody irradiation (DHBI) tolerance in patients with stage III multiple myeloma: a pilot study. 783 62

The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) is conducting a phase II trial of Taxol in patients with histologically confirmed, advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Patients entered in the study to date either had recurrent disease or were newly diagnosed with incurable local-regional disease or distant metastases. Prior chemotherapy was limited to induction or adjuvant chemotherapy at least 12 months prior to entry in the study. All patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 and measurable disease. The treatment schedule was Taxol 250 mg/m2 by 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion followed by r-met Hu granulocyte-colony stimulating factor 5 micrograms/kg/day subcutaneous injection day 3 to 15 or until the absolute neutrophil count was greater than 1500. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. As of September 1, 1992, 27 patients were registered in the study. Of these, three patients were determined to be ineligible, and three were too early to evaluate. There were two early deaths, one definitely and one possibly drug related. Two complete and five partial responses have been observed. Twenty-three patients receiving 83 courses were evaluable for toxicity. Myelosuppression was the primary toxicity observed with 17 (74%) patients experiencing grade 3 or 4 leukopenia and with 20 (87%) patients experiencing grade 3 or 4 neutropenia lasting an average of 2 days (range, 1-4). Peripheral neuropathy occurred in nine patients (grade 1, five patients; grade 2, three patients; grade 3, one patient). Other infrequent toxicities were stomatitis, nausea and vomiting, and myalgias. This trial will continue until 30 eligible patients are accrued.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of Taxol in advanced head and neck cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology group trial. 791 24

Job' syndrome and IgA immunodeficiency are a rare dysfunction of the immune system. In this work, we reported a case of a young woman who had recurrent episodes of bacterial infections in the urinary tract and genital, generalized erythematous eczematous patches and stomatitis of oral mucosa and fever. During the hospitalization, laboratory data showed high immunoglobulin IgE and low IgA levels. The T-lymphocyte presented a reduction of CD8+ cells. Tests of granulocyte function have showed a global deficit in the in vitro and in vivo chemotaxis. The correlation between these two clinic conditions is not completely clarified but it is possible to hypothesize that CD8+ lymphocytes produce an inhibition factor of chemotaxis. Job' syndrome is characterized by a selective reduction of CD8+ cells subpopulation which have an immunoregulatory function on the production of IgE by plasmacells. In the ipoIgA, an intrinsic inability of B-IgA cells to proliferate and to differentiate produce a defect in the IgA production. In these two clinic disorders there is an effective dysfunction of immune system. It is possible to hypothesize that an effective defect of CD8+ cells and an immaturity of B-cells may coexist in our patient. That justifies an abnormal production of Ig and a defect in granulocyte chemotaxis.
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PMID:[Job syndrome (hyper-IgE) and hypo-IgA. A rare association of immunodeficiencies]. 872 83


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