Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to evaluate the influence of the cyano group on the antiviral activity of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides, a moderate yield, unified approach to the synthesis of both 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine was developed. Thus, treatment of the appropriate acetylated 5-bromouracil nucleoside with NaCN or KCN in Me2SO at 90-110 degrees C gave, after deblocking, 35-45% yields of the corresponding 5-cyanouracil nucleosides. 5-Cyanouridine was devoid of significant activity against vaccinia virus, herpes simplex-1, and vesicular stomatitis virus, but 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine, while lacking activity against herpes simplex, showed significant inhibition of vaccina virus; for instance, 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine inhibited vaccinia virus replication at concentrations 10-20 times that required for inhibition by the known antivirals, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine. Replacement of the 5-halogeno substituents of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides thus decreases, but does not abolish, antiviral activity.
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PMID:Improved synthesis and in vitro antiviral activities of 5-cyanouridine and 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine. 19 58

3-Deazaguanine (ICN 4221), 3-deazaguanosine (ICN 4793), and 3-deazaguanylic acid (ICN 5412) represent a new class of synthetic guanine analogs having antiviral activity. In vitro, nine ribonucleic acid and seven deoxyribonucleic acid viruses were inhibited, including influenza, parainfluenza, rhino-, vesicular stomatitis, adeno-, herpes-, cytomegalo-, vaccinia, pseudorabies, and myxoma viruses. They were effective orally against influenza types A and B and parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus infections in mice, with a therapeutic index of 16 against the latter two viruses. The course of herpes encephalitis was altered only when the drugs were applied directly into the brain. In addition, these drugs were effective inhibitors of Friend leukemia virus-induced splenomegaly in mice; treatment also produced extensions of life in these animals.
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PMID:Antiviral activity of 3-deazaguanine, 3-deazaguanosine, and 3-deazaguanylic acid. 19 46

The newly synthesized psoralen derivatives, 4' hydroxymethyl 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen, 4' methoxymethyl 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen, and 4' aminomethyl 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen hydrochloride photoreact with the single-stranded RNA animal virus, Vesicular Stomatitis virus, VSV. This virus is inactivated 10(3) times more effectively by photoreaction with these compounds than when photoreacted with 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen. Under these conditions the RNA virus remains more than 10(3) times less sensitive to inactivation by these new photoreagents than were two double-stranded DNA viruses, Herpes Simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and Vaccinia. Preliminary evidence for the generality of this result is discussed.
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PMID:The photoinactivation of an RNA animal virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, with the aid of newly synthesized psoralen derivatives. 19 89

In addition to an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, purified vesicular stomatitis virus contains a methyltransferase activity which transfers the methyl group from the methyl donor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, to two positions in the 5'-terminal capped structure of the nascent mRNA's synthesized in vitro as 7mG-(5)'ppp(5')Apm... In the present study it is shown that two distinct methyltransferase activities are discernible in the purified virus. The in vitro concentrations of the methyl donor specify the number and location of the methyl groups transferred to the capped 5'-termini of VSV mRNA's. Limited concentrations of the methyl donor result in a single methylation of the penultimate base in the 2'-hydroxyl position, that is, G(5')ppp(5')Apm..., whereas saturating concentrations of the methyl donor methylate the blocking guanosine residue at the 7-position, resulting in the dimethylated cap, 7mG(5')ppp(5')Apm... Pulse-chase experiments demonstrate that the monomethylated cap structure is the precursor substrate for the dimethylated cap. In this respect, vesicular stomatitis virus system is quite distinct from the vaccinia and reovirus systems. Virus purified from different host cells including hamster, mouse, and human contain both methyltransferase activities. The mRNA's containing monomethylated capped structures are poor templates for protein synthesis in vitro.
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PMID:Two methyltransferase activities in the purified virions of vesicular stomatitis virus. 20 77

Alkylation of 5-hydroxyuridine or 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridine with various activated alkylating agents in the presence of 1 equiv of NaOH gave a series of new nucleoside analogues which were evaluated for antiviral activity against vaccinia virus, herpes simplex-1 virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in both primary rabbit kidney cells and human skin fibroblasts. One of these analogues, 5-propynyloxy-2'-deoxyuridine, was a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus. Structure-activity considerations suggest that the anti-herpes activity is dependent on the integrity of the acetylene group since substitution of phenyl, p-nitrophenyl, vinyl, carboxamido, or carboxyl for the triple bond led to diminished antiviral activity.
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PMID:5-O-Alkylated derivatives of 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridine as potential antiviral agents. Anti-herpes activity of 5-propynyloxy-2'-deoxyuridine. 20 9

Amphotericin B methyl ester (AME), a semisynthetic derivative of amphotericin B, was studied in the rabbit cornea for its potential role in prevention and therapy of HSV, vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. It was effective in the prevention of lesion formation by these three viruses and dose-related antiviral effects were shown. Of these viruses HSV was the most sensitive to AME. The antiviral effect of AME was additive with those of IDU and ribavirin. However, it was not effective in treating established lesions due to HSV and vaccinia virus. Since its mode of action is to bind to the sterol sites of the viral envelope, it is suggested that AME should also be effective against other enveloped DNA and RNA viruses. A new method of therapy for epithelial herpetic keratitis in humans using a combination of AME with MWD is proposed.
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PMID:Potential role of amphotericin B methyl ester in the prevention and therapy of herpetic keratitis. 20 16

(S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine, a novel nucleoside analog, the sugar moiety of which is replaced by an aliphatic chain, inhibits the replication in vitro of several DNA and RNA viruses, including vaccinia, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), measles, and vesicular stomatitis. It is also effective in vivo in reducing the mortality rate of mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus.
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PMID:(S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine: an aliphatic nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. 20 46

The methyl ester of amphotericin B (AME) is water soluble, retains antifungal activity, and is significantly less toxic in mammals than amphotericin B. In contrast to amphotericin B, which is not water soluble, AME exhibits antiviral effects against vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Sindbis virus, and vaccinia virus in a plaque reduction assay. No antiviral effects could be demonstrated against the unenveloped adenovirus type 4 or echovirus type 11. The extent of virus inactivation was found to be dependent upon the AME concentration, contact time, and temperature. No consistent effect of the virus concentration on the probability of plaque-forming unit inactivation could be determined. The antiviral effects of AME were partially antagonized by the presence of serum. Binding of AME to vesicular stomatitis virus was demonstrated by the comigration of drug and virus in linear sucrose gradients. AME represents a new class of antiviral agents with activity at concentrations relevant to therapeutics. Sterol components of the host cell membrane that become incorporated into the viral envelope are postulated as the site of reaction with AME.
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PMID:Antiviral effects of amphotericin B methyl ester. 20 1

Visna is a slow infection of sheep caused by a retrovirus. The persistence of virus despite the immune response of the host is best explained by restricted genetic expression of the virus and consequently prolonged periods of residence inside cells. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the restriction in genetic expression of visna virus is mediated by interferon. Sheep interferon induced by polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid in fetal lambs inhibited the growth of herpes simplex virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and vaccinia virus, but even highly concentrated interferon did not affect the replication of visna virus in sheep choroid plexus cells. The same results were obtained whether the effects of interferon were assessed in single of multiple cycles of growth and when interferon was added at later times in the growth cycle of the virus. This unusual resistance of visna virus to interferon suggests that restriction of viral expression by the host is probably not mediated in this way.
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PMID:Resistance of visna virus to interferon. 21 2

The genome of stomatitis papulosa virus (a parapoxvirus) was cleaved with the restriction endonucleases HindIII and EcoRI, each giving rise to 6 fragments respectively. Double digestion with both enzymes resulted in 8 bands, two of which contained DNA fragments in double molar concentrations as revealed by reciprocal digests of isolated DNA fragments. The genome size, estimated by summation of the molecular weights of the fragments, is approximately 86 X 10(6) daltons, some 30 X 10(6) daltons smaller than vaccinia virus (an orthopoxvirus) DNA. The cleavage sites of HindIII and EcoRI endonucleases were mapped on the genome by analysis of reciprocal digests of isolated DNA fragments and by cross-hybridization experiments. This yielded two mapped segments which were then oriented relative to one another by cleavage of isolated partial digestion products. The terminal restriction fragments show rapid renaturation after alkali denaturation and subsequent neutralization, indicating that stomatitis papulosa virus DNA contains terminal cross-links analogous to those found in vaccinia virus DNA.
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PMID:Physical characterization of a stomatitis papulosa virus genome: a cleavage map for the restriction endonucleases HindIII and EcoRI. 21 32


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