Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute infection of cloned BHK21 cells with rabies virus (CVS strain) resulted in a reduction in the amount of cellular RNA, not so rapid and pronounced as with another rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). This decrease in the amount of cellular RNA was shown to be caused by a differential membrane permeability of infected and uninfected BHK21 cells to [3H]-uridine and by a real inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis.
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PMID:[Effects of rabies infection on the metabolism of the host-cell: does inhibition of cellular RNA synthesis take place?]. 258 78

Although there are notable infectious conditions that are capable of producing clinical disease in the NWC, overall, these species are quite healthy. Of the bacterial diseases, enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens types C and D would be deemed the most significant in North America, while type A also would be regarded as important in South America. Other important bacterial infections of potential concern are tuberculosis, Johne's disease, anthrax, malignant edema, actinomycosis, tetanus, and the South American condition referred to as alpaca fever, which, to date, has not been observed in North America. Fungal infections include classical ringworm, principally caused by Trichophyton spp., and the cases of coccidioidomycosis that are associated with the arid desert lands of the southwestern United States. Most notable of naturally occurring viral infections in the NWC would be rabies, ecthyma, and a recently described blindness neuropathy that has been associated with the equine herpesvirus I. NWC can be infected experimentally with agents causing hoof-and-mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis, but naturally occurring cases do not seem to occur. Serological evidence of exposure to many viral agents, including blue tongue, parainfluenza 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus I, bovine viral diarrhea, influenza A, and rotavirus, has been demonstrated; however, no clinical disease associated with these agents, as yet, is apparent.
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PMID:Infectious diseases of New-World camelids (NWC). 264 31

We provide evidence that a plant rhabdovirus, sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV), is similar to most animal rhabdoviruses in the order of structural genes and in the nucleotide sequences at the gene junctions but that it differs in the presence and location of a putative nonstructural gene. From the patterns of hybridization of a library of recombinant DNA clones, we have shown that the SYNV genome is transcribed into a short 3'-terminal "leader RNA" and six mRNAs. The proteins encoded by the SYNV mRNAs, in order of the appearance of their genes in the SYNV genome, are designated 3'-N-M2-sc4-M1-G-L-5' (N, nucleoprotein; M, matrix protein; sc, protein encoded by SYNV complementary RNA; G, glycoprotein; L, large protein). The intergenic and flanking gene sequences are conserved and consist of a central core of 14 nucleotides (3'-UUCUUUUUGGUUGU/A-5') whose sequence is similar to the sequence at the gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis and rabies viruses. The SYNV core consists of an 8-nucleotide (3'-UUCUUUUU-5') transcription termination signal at the 5' terminus of each gene, a dinucleotide (GG) spacer whose complement does not appear in mRNA, and a tetranucleotide (3'-UUGU/A-5') that is complementary to the first four nucleotides at the 5' terminus of the SYNV mRNAs. These results, when compared with structural information available on animal rhabdoviruses, suggest that organization of structural genes and maintenance of signals thought to play important roles in regulation of transcription have been conserved during evolution in plant, insect, and vertebrate hosts. However, differences in number and location of putative nonstructural genes reveal some flexibility in genome organization that may be important in deducing taxonomic and evolutionary relationships among viruses causing diseases in phylogenetically diverse hosts.
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PMID:Physical map of the genome of sonchus yellow net virus, a plant rhabdovirus with six genes and conserved gene junction sequences. 281 18

A peptide corresponding to the amino-terminal 25 amino acids of the mature vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein has recently been shown to be a pH-dependent hemolysin. In the present study, we analyzed smaller constituent peptides and found that the hemolytic domain resides within the six amino-terminal amino acids. Synthesis of variant peptides indicates that the amino-terminal lysine can be replaced by another positively charged amino acid (arginine) but that substitution with glutamic acid results in the total loss of the hemolytic function. Peptide-induced hemolysis was dependent upon buffer conditions and was inhibited when isotonicity was maintained with mannitol, sucrose, or raffinose. In sucrose, all hemolytic peptides were also observed to mediate hemagglutination. The large 25-amino acid peptide is also a pH-dependent cytotoxin for mammalian cells and appears to effect gross changes in cell permeability. Conservation of the amino terminus of vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus suggests that the membrane-destabilizing properties of this domain may be important for glycoprotein function.
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PMID:Biologically active peptides of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. 298 56

Prophylactic immunization of animals against obligat and nonobligat pathogenic zoonoses benefit human health in many ways both directly and indirectly. Typical examples of a direct protective effect are the vaccinations of dogs, cats and foxes against rabies as well as the vaccinations against respiratory diseases in cows, horses, dogs and cats to which the most varied species of pathogens of noncompulsory zoonoses contribute. A considerable contribution to the protection of human health is made by the vaccination against salmonellosis and leptospirosis, against vesicular stomatitis, American equine encephalitis and against other zoonoses spread by arthropods, against ecthyma and stomatitis papulosa as well as against brucellosis, anthrax, Q-fever, Newcastle disease and foot-and-mouth disease. The indirect effects of prophylactic vaccination of animals on human health are very complex and still need investigation. An example of this are the vaccinations of animals against human and animal influenza A viruses which can inhibit hybridisation and recombination between human and animal influenza viruses in an ecological system. Occasionally prophylactic vaccinations of animals can do harm to human health. This is invariably a rare incidence in immuno-suppressed persons caused by live vaccines i.e. prophylactic vaccination against Newcastle disease in fowl or against orthopox in animals by the use of the common vaccinia strains, after compulsory vaccination for humans had been cancelled. Prophylactic vaccinations of animals must be constantly followed up and their action on human health must be checked. In the case of positive results prophylactic vaccinations must be carried out selectively and in a wide range.
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PMID:[Vaccination of animals and human health]. 298 81

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 3'region of the rabies genome (PV strain). This work is a first step in a project aimed at establishing the complete primary structure. From the 3'nucleotide sequence of the RNA genome, an octadecanucleotide complementary to the 3'extremity was constructed and used to prime cDNA synthesis. Two overlapping recombinant cDNA clones hybridizing with the nucleoprotein mRNA (NmRNA) were isolated and sequenced. The 1500 first nucleotides of the rabies genome cover two transcriptional units: the leader RNA and the NmRNA which was shown to be initiated around residue 59 by S1 nuclease protection experiments. Comparison between rabies PV and CVS strains up to residue 180 suggests a rapid evolution in the leader region. Studies of the sequence relationships between the 3'regions of two Rhabdoviruses, rabies virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), demonstrate that there is a segmented homology. Stretches of highly conserved amino acids possibly involved in the interaction with the RNA genome were observed in the N protein, despite a wide divergence in the remaining sequence. In addition, the high homology between the transcription start and stop signals reflects the conservation of a similar transcriptional mechanism in these two non segmented negative strand RNA viruses.
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PMID:Primary structure of leader RNA and nucleoprotein genes of the rabies genome: segmented homology with VSV. 300 96

Enveloped viruses enter host cells by fusion or viropexis. The latter mechanism is the prevalent entry pathway of rhabdoviruses into susceptible cells. Amantadine, a lysosomotropic agent, inhibits the multiplication of various groups of viruses. The effect of this drug was investigated on vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies fixed virus strain replication in fibroblasts. Amantadine was added to cells before, during and after infection to detect the phase of viral replication affected by the drug. Cells were inoculated with viruses at 4 degrees C and the incubation temperature was progressively raised to 37 degrees C in order to observe the effect of amantadine on attachment and early stages of viral replication. Experimental results indicated that the compound inhibited rhabdovirus infection in CER cells. Viral attachment and penetration did not appear to be affected by the drug, while later steps were inhibited, probably at the level of uncoating when the virus is released from the lysosomes into the intracytoplasmic compartment.
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PMID:Effect of amantadine on rhabdovirus infection. 301 59

The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA encoding the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was determined from a cDNA clone containing the entire coding region. The G-protein cDNA is 1,609 nucleotides long (excluding the polyadenylic acid) and encodes a protein of 508 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence was compared with that of the glycoprotein of the Indiana and New Jersey serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus and with the glycoprotein of rabies virus, using a computer program which determined optimal alignment. An amino acid identity of approximately 20% was found between infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and the two vesicular stomatitis virus serotypes and between infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and rabies virus. The positions and sizes of the signal sequence and transmembrane domain and the possible glycosylation sites were determined.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone carrying the glycoprotein gene of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, a fish rhabdovirus. 303 64

We have now completed the rabies genome structure by the cloning and the sequencing of the entire L gene and the 5' untranscribed region. The L gene encodes a single open reading frame 2142 amino acids in length (244,206 Da) that corresponds to the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In contrast with other isofunctional proteins, the rabies polymerase exhibits a high degree of homology with the vesicular stomatitis virus polymerase, and a lesser degree, although significant, with those of Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus, which suggests a differential evolution of the different cistrons. We have observed several strongly conserved stretches which may designate the independent functional domains of this multifunctional protein. In addition to the conservation of related transcription signals (N. Tordo et al. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 3914-3918.), this highlights the striking selective pressure on elements involved in transcription and replication mechanisms, and provides further evidence for a common ancestry of Rhabdoviridae and Paramyxoviridae families. The terminal complementarity observed in the rabies genome suggests the conservation of important genomic signals.
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PMID:Completion of the rabies virus genome sequence determination: highly conserved domains among the L (polymerase) proteins of unsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses. 340 52

Rabies cDNA clones, obtained by "walking along the genome" using two successive DNA primers, have allowed the sequence determination of the genes encoding the N, M1, M2, G, and the beginning of the L protein as well as the rabies intergenic regions. Start and stop transcription signals located at the border of each gene encoding a protein have been identified and are similar to the corresponding signals from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Sendai virus. Except for limited stretches of the nucleoprotein, there is no homology between corresponding structural proteins of these three viruses. Rabies intergenic regions are variable both in length and sequence. Evidence for the existence of a remnant protein gene in the 423 nucleotide long G-L intergenic region is presented. This finding is discussed in terms of the evolution of unsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses.
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PMID:Walking along the rabies genome: is the large G-L intergenic region a remnant gene? 345 63


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