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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of periodontal diseases in HIV-infected infected persons is unresolved. While numerous reports have been published, the data are conflicting in part due to different populations studied, lack of consensus criteria for disease, study location, and biased samples. This presentation will be a collation of information available for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS-associated periodontal diseases. The use of "HIV" is no longer accepted as a diagnostic designation. Instead, the diagnostic categories of atypical gingivitis (erythematous gingival banding), necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and necrotizing stomatitis and distinguishing characteristics will be presented. It is essential that a distinction be made between those periodontal lesions that may occur in seropositive and seronegative individuals and those which appear to have more specific signs and symptoms associated with HIV infection and with immunosuppression in general. A simplified algorithm has been developed to help differentiate between periodontal diseases specific to the HIV-positive individual and those in the general population. Additionally, the grid may also be used to distinguish the different periodontal diseases known to be associated with HIV infection.
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PMID:Periodontal problems related to HIV-1 infection. 754 38

As the scope of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic grows to include increasingly larger proportions of heterosexual adults and children, there has also been a change in the severity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related periodontal conditions at one San Francisco clinic. The cases of HIV-associated gingivitis, now called linear gingival erythema, HIV-associated periodontitis (or necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis), and necrotizing stomatitis have been less severe, despite an increase in overall HIV caseload. No clear basis for this trend has been established, but possible explanations include: biased population samples, increased immunosuppression as the disease matures, use of antimicrobial therapy, or a change in patient demographics. Several studies have failed to identify a single causative organism. This article presents a review of HIV-related periodontal complications and points out that the condition can be treated with local and systemic antibiotics and that dental professionals throughout the world can expect a tremendous increase over the next several years in HIV-infected patients with special clinical complications.
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PMID:Periodontal complications of HIV infection. 803 7

Two Holstein calves showing clinical signs such as ulcerative stomatitis, severe gingivitis, periodontitis, loss of teeth and stunted growth, associated with marked neutrophilia, were evaluated by clinicopathologic analysis, neutrophil functions and flow cytometric analysis of CD18 expression on neutrophils. Decreased CL response, chemotaxis, yeast phagocytosis, and deficient CD18 expression of neutrophils from affected animals were demonstrated. Pathological findings involved were ulcerative gingivitis, severe periodontitis, laryngitis, and multiple ulcers in forestomach. This study demonstrates that neutrophil functions are closely associated with impaired iC3b receptor, and these affected animals were diagnosed as bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD).
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PMID:Two cases of Holstein calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) (case report). 814 1

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), and necrotizing stomatitis (NS), collectively termed necrotizing gingivostomatitis (NG), represent a dramatic, but rare oral infection associated with diminished systemic resistance, including HIV infection. Over a 5-year period, 68 consecutive NG patients from a population with known HIV status were evaluated and treated. Lesions were staged (modified Pindborg), and clinical findings and predictor variables were compared to 68 random control subjects without NG. Most cases (52%) were stage 1, with necrosis of the tip of the interdental papilla only; 19% were stage 2, with the entire papilla affected; 22% had necrosis of marginal (stage 3) or attached gingiva (stage 4); and 7% were more advanced, with mucosal necrosis or bone exposure. Attachment loss was a feature of stage 2 or greater NG. Beside HIV infection, significant predisposing factors included poor oral hygiene, unusual life stress, inadequate sleep, Caucasian race, age 18 to 21 years, and recent illness. Ten of 68 NG patients were HIV-positive. These patients were older than seronegative patients, less likely to be Caucasian, and maintained better oral hygiene and sleep. HIV-positive NG cases were clinically indistinguishable from HIV-negative cases in this series.
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PMID:Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, periodontitis, and stomatitis: clinical staging and predisposing factors. 855 2

Fungi are elements of the ontocenosis of the oral cavity and causal factors of inflammatory lesions in its mucous membrane. The objective of the study was to find differences in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes of Candida albicans isolated from patients with diseases of the periodontium and mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Of 235 patients examined, 31 were diagnosed with gingivitis, 38 with glossitis, 28 with leucoplakia, 37 with adult periodontitis, 25 with juvenile periodontitis, 36 stomatitis prothetica and 40 with stomatitis atrophica. In 196 patients (83.4 +/- 2.4%), fungi belonging to Candida species were detected. In the evaluation of Candida albicans strains (146) properties, bioMerieux API ZYM tests containing substrates for the detection of 19 hydrolases were used. All the investigated strains were characterized by the activity of 14 enzymes, i.e. phosphatase alcaline, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine and valine arylamidase, phosphatase acid, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, alpha galactosidase, beta galactosidase, alpha glucosidase, beta glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha mannosidase and alpha fucosidase. Strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients with disease of periodontium and mucous membrane are characterised by the highest phosphatase acid activity. The greatest enzymatic activity is characteristic of Candida albicans isolated from patients with stomatitis atrophica or stomatitis prothetica, and the lowest in strains from gingivitis or juvenile periodontitis cases. Differences in the activity of hydrolases are statistically significant (p < 0.01) for: esterase (C4), leucine and valine arylamidase, phosphatase acid, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, beta glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, of fungi isolated from patients with particular clinical diagnoses.
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PMID:Activity of hydrolytic enzymes of Candida albicans strains isolated from patients with periodontal and membrane mucosae of oral cavity diseases. 975 Mar 41

The results gained with the treatment of benzylalcohol and amyl-m-cresol tablets in oral inflammatic diseases (153 cases) and in the prophylaxis of possible infections (119 cases) accompanied with surgical interventions has been summarised. It was concluded that, the average healing process shortened by 30% in time, and the quality parameters (pain, function etc.) showed 30% better results in 78.4% of the cases treated with Strepsils. 88.3/ of patients preferred to get the tablets, the tolerability was excellent. The two third of the patients suffering from inflammatory diseases reported reduction of the pain within the first 60 minutes after the very first tablet application. The experience gained with 272 patients showed very good effectivity especially in the cases aphtha, gingivostomatitis herpetica, stomatitis mycotica, gingivitis, denture stomatitis, erythema exsudativum multiforme, stomatopharyngitis, periodontitis. The drug has showed of remarkable result in the prophylaxis of periodontal, dentoalveolar, implant, soft tissue, maxillofacial surgical interventions.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with the use of benzylalcohol and amyl-m-cresol (Strepsils) in stomatological diseases]. 1076 92

Many patients suffering from long-term psychiatric illness are on medication for long periods. These medications frequently cause xerostomia leading to an increased risk of caries, gingivitis, periodontitis and stomatitis. Oral hygiene is therefore of the utmost importance for these patients. Nurses interact with patients on a daily basis, and therefore they are the psychiatric caregivers of choice to support these patients. The main aim of this study was to describe the oral health status of patients in short-term and long-term psychiatric care by means of oral assessment. A second aim was to discover whether the assessment guide used could distinguish any differences between these two groups. A modified version of the Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) developed by Eilers et al. (1988) was used. In addition, new items/categories were developed, forming the Oral Assessment Guide for Psychiatric Care (OAG-PC). A total of 57 patients in psychiatric care, short-term (n = 32) and long-term (n = 25), were assessed by the OAG-PC. Patients in long-term psychiatric care had significantly higher scores on the total OAG-PC compared with those in short-term psychiatric care, indicating a worse oral health status. Statistically significant differences were also found in relation to the following OAG-PC categories: odour from the mouth, mucous membranes, gums, teeth or dentures, calculus on teeth and appearance of teeth. Further research should be focused on the difficulties for nurses in approaching their patients in order to perform oral care and on evaluating the effect of teaching and training psychiatric nurses in oral care, preferably with the assistance of the OAG-PC. This assessment guide may thereby also be valuable for nurses' documentation in estimating, planning, implementing and evaluating their psychiatric patients' oral care needs.
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PMID:Oral health status of psychiatric patients. 1126 Nov 46

Adhesion of obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria, favoring the development of oral inflammatory diseases, including the cariesogenic and periodontogenic bacteria and Candida albicans fungi, isolated from patients with periodontitis, to 13 basic materials used in removable denture making, was studied. The adhesion of all bacteria (Streptococcus sanguis, Prevotella melangogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Corynebacterium xerosis) and fungi to hot polymerization basic materials was the maximum. The most perspective basic plastic for clinical use (preserving intact oral microbiocenosis and preventing stomatitis induced by denture wearing) are cold polymerization materials, such as Redont-03, Dentoplast Breden, Leocryl, and UHF polymerization materials Acron GC, AKR-MV, and Etakril-02.
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PMID:[Microbiological validation of the choice of basic plastic for removable dentures]. 1222 27

Linear gingival erythema (LGE) is part of the spectrum of periodontal disease that exists in the HIV-infected population. Here, a typical case of LGE is presented and described. The microbiology and therapeutics of LGE are discussed, as well as this condition's relationship to more severe, rapidly destructive infectious diseases--such as necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and necrotizing stomatitis.
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PMID:Linear gingival erythema in an HIV-seropositive man. 1272 91

Under certain permissive circumstances, normally occurring fusiform bacteria and Borrelia spirochetes can result in a symbiotic overgrowth that leads to necrotic oral ulcers (stomatitis), gingivitis, and periodontitis. These lesions are collectively known as oral fusospirochetosis and may be under-appreciated in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. Fusospirochetal oral ulcers in patients with HIV are often large, necrotic, and malodorous; they respond completely to penicillin. We report 3 patients with HIV infection and fusospirochetal ulcerative stomatitis and review the clinical presentation, microbiologic diagnosis, potential pathogenesis, and treatment of these lesions.
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PMID:Fusospirochetosis causing necrotic oral ulcers in patients with HIV infection. 1535 70


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