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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult cotton top marmosets made niacin deficient by long-term dietary deprivation, developed a syndrome characterized by anorexia, weight loss, weakness, diarrhea, dermatitis, enterocolitis and stomatitis. The stomatitis was highlighted by a necrotizing gingivitis and periodontitis and by an ulcerative and atrophic glossitis.
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PMID:Studies on the biology of the periodontium of marmosets. XIII. Histopathology of niacin deficiency stomatitis in the marmoset. 40 31

There is scarce information on antibiotics prescription habits among dentists in general. The present investigation was undertaken to study some patterns of antibiotics prescription among Norwegian dentists. A total of 459 dentists (approximately 10% of Norwegian dentists) were randomly selected, and to each was mailed a letter describing the survey, accompanied by a questionnaire about age, type of practice, educational background and pattern of prescription of antibiotics. 78% of the dentists responded to these questions. The results indicate that during a typical week, 32% did not prescribe antibiotics, whereas 5% wrote greater than 5 prescriptions. The mean weekly number of prescriptions per dentist was 2.04. Periodontists and oral surgeons prescribed antibiotics significantly more often than did general practitioners and other disciplines. In addition, those with research and/or teaching experience seemed to prescribe significantly more often than those without. More than 1/3 of the sample indicated that they may prescribe antibiotics when treating periodontal diseases. Compared with other disciplines, periodontists prescribed such drugs significantly more often when treating periodontitis, but significantly less often in acute gingivitis, stomatitis and herpes simplex infections. Moreover, 22% of the dentists might prescribe antibiotics when the patient is in pain, 73 and 38% in cases of abscesses with or without generalized malaise, 2.5% in endodontic therapy, 60% to prevent general complications, and 68% for prophylactic use if the patient revealed a history of endocarditis. Norwegian dentists are somewhat restrictive in their prescription of antibiotics, but they mostly prescribe the correct drugs for the different conditions.
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PMID:Antibiotic prescribing practices among Norwegian dentists. 143 29

Any alteration in the balance of bacterial challenge versus the host's ability to resist and repair will result in oral lesions that are similar in appearance. The bacterial cause of gingivitis and periodontitis in humans and in all other animals in which it has been studied is firmly established, and specific species of predominantly gram-negative anaerobes have been implicated. Naturally occurring or acquired immunopathologies are likely to result in premature dental disease. When oral disease is associated with the accumulation of plaque, a positive response can be achieved by reducing the bacterial challenge to the host through the maintenance of oral hygiene by timely professional dental prophylaxis and home care. Disease that is the result of atypical immune responses, however, can be much more difficult to manage. Such oral disease can occur with either immune deficiencies or exaggerated immune responses, and it is likely that multiple mechanisms are active concurrently. In any case, gram-negative anaerobes present in plaque are likely to be a major contributing factor. Therefore patients with chronic refractory gingivitis-stomatitis must be considered to be plaque intolerant. Only with a frequent regimen of aggressive and thorough professional dental treatment plus meticulous oral home care on a daily basis can one expect to keep these cases in remission. Because this is often unrealistic, the only other way to keep these patients free of disease is by total dental extraction. The tissues that are colonized by the causative organisms must be eliminated. All root tips and bony sequestra must be removed and healing with intact epithelium accomplished before these cases will go into remission. Edentulous feline patients that continue to have signs of gingivostomatitis have been found to have an area of nonhealed bony sequestrum and chronic osteomyelitis. Once effective debridement has been accomplished and epithelial healing completed, nonresponsive cases can be expected to go into remission (Color Plate 2, Figure 7). It is hoped that as more is learned about this frustrating problem, the many factors influencing feline oral disease will be scientifically documented. In the future, actual diagnoses can be systematically made early on in disease, and treatment will be more than just symptomatic.
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PMID:Gingivitis/stomatitis in cats. 145 77

Patients with severe immunosuppression as a consequence of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for a number of severe periodontal diseases. HIV-associated gingivitis and HIV-associated periodontitis (HIV-P) are seen exclusively in HIV-infected persons. In some cases HIV-P may extend into adjacent soft tissue and bone, resulting in necrotizing stomatitis of periodontal origin. In addition, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis has also been reported to have an increased prevalence in HIV-infected patients. The clinical and microbiologic features of HIV-associated gingivitis and HIV-P suggest that these diseases are early and later stages of the same lesion, that results in severe gingival erythema, extensive soft tissue necrosis, and destruction of alveolar bone. Although acute necrotizing gingivitis and the initial stages of HIV-P share a number of clinical signs current evidence indicates that they are distinct pathologic processes. Treatment of these lesions requires debridement, local antimicrobial therapy, immediate follow-up care, and long-term maintenance. In addition, patients with systemic involvement or extensive and rapidly progressing lesions may require systemic antibiotics appropriate to the organisms that dominate the lesion.
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PMID:Periodontal disease associated with HIV infection. 153 35

Oral lesions have been reported frequently in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. A case is reported of HIV-associated periodontitis complicated by necrotising stomatitis and the development of an oro-antral fistula; the role of extractions in the management of this condition is highlighted.
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PMID:Oro-antral fistula: an unusual complication of HIV-associated periodontal disease. 187 97

This report describes a case of HIV-associated periodontitis complicated by necrotizing stomatitis in a homosexual male patient with AIDS. Necrotizing stomatitis is a rapidly progressive ulcerative and necrotic infection that causes massive destruction of the oral tissues and underlying bone. Like HIV periodontitis, it appears to be related to the immune suppression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; importantly, it may be life threatening. In this case, initial resolution resulted from local debridement in association with metronidazole therapy. Long-term clinical management consisted of monthly professional prophylaxis, good oral hygiene, and daily rinses with chlorhexidine. This case suggests that progressive oral necrotizing infection should be recognized as one element in the spectrum of oral manifestations of HIV infection.
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PMID:HIV-associated periodontitis complicated by necrotizing stomatitis. 231 60

From January 1988-September 1989, dental practitioners performed a comprehensive oral examination on 83 HIV positive patients at the Department of Infectious Diseases, University Clinic of Internal Medicine in Kinshasa, Zaire for a study on prevalence and clinical aspects of oral lesions associated with HIV infection. Women comprised 55.5% of these AIDS patients. They all had oral lesions: 94% fungal, 33% bacterial, 23% viral, 14% unknown origin, and 12% neoplasms. The majority of these oral lesions developed in 31-40 year olds. Further, the 21-30 year olds were more likely to have bacterial infections, especially aggressive periodontitis. Fungal infections occurred most often on the lips, palate, and tongue, while viral infections occurred mainly on the tongue. Kaposi's sarcoma only afflicted the palate. Pseudomembranous candidiasis was the leading fungal infection (32% of all oral lesions) then atrophic (22.8%) and hyperplastic (6%) types. 17% and 16% of all lesions included these bacterial infections: aggressive periodontitis and necrotizing gingivitis respectively. the leading viral infection was hairy leukoplakia (14%) followed by leukoplakia (8%), and herpetic stomatitis (4%). The unknown lesions included ulcers (12%) and a swollen salivary gland )2%). 12% of the examined AIDS patients, mostly 31-50 year olds, had oral Kaposi's sarcoma. They also had it on other parts of the body. Since HIV prevalence in Zaire ranges between 3-8%, all dentists should be cognizant of oral manifestations of HIV which may indeed be the 1st clinical indications of HIV. They should refer any patients with such lesions to a health facility with AIDS specialists for diagnosis and care.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of AIDS in a heterosexual population in a Zaire hospital. 235 42

Recently, sedative and antiphlogistic treatment is conducted with low energy laser irradiation. The purpose of the this study was to evaluate the effectiveness to decrease of pain just after irradiation by a GaA1As semiconductor laser. The irradiation apparatus was SEMI LASER NANOX (LX-800: G-C. Co.) with the following features: a wave length of (around) 780nm: the laser energy, 30mW; exposure time, 30sec to 180sec/per treatment. Diagnosis of pre- and post-operative sensitivity were classified into the following four grades: Grade 0 no pain. Grade I mild pain. Grade II strong but tolerable pain. Grade III intolerable pain (simultaneous with stimulation). The results were as follows: 1. In the hypersensitivity of dentin, the treatment was not effective with 2 cases of grade III, but with all of grade I, II (35 cases) the pain decreased just after irradiation. 2. It was effective in all cases with pain like periodontitis after root canal filling and pain after extraction of teeth. 3. It was effective in all cases with gingivitis, stomatitis, and gingival ulcers after infiltration anesthesia etc..
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PMID:[The effectiveness of GaA1As semiconductor laser treatment to pain decrease after irradiation]. 251 20

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function was investigated in two patients with glycogen storage disease type IB and neutropenia. Glycogen storage disease type IB was documented by liver biopsy and a normal amount of latent glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Patient A had stomatitis, skin infections, and septicemia; patient B had respiratory infections, periodontitis, and oral candidiasis. Absolute neutrophil counts ranged from 114 to 2580/mm3. Diminished and delayed migration of PMN into a skin "window" occurred in B. Random and directed PMN migration under agarose toward f-Met-Leu-Phe, pepstatin A, and zymosan-activated serum were severely diminished in both patients. At 10(-7) M f-Met-Leu-Phe, mean random and directed migration were 52 and 23% (A, n = 3) and 48 and 13% (B, n = 4) of controls. These results were independent of incubation time and chemoattractant concentration. Patients' PMN had diminished quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium reduction compared to controls. B had a significant defect in PMN bactericidal activity with Escherichia coli with less than 0.2 log killing at 2 h. These results further characterize the defect in PMN migration reported by Beaudet et al. (J Pediatr 97:906, 1980). The finding of other abnormalities of PMN function suggests a metabolic defect in the neutrophil which may be related to the microsomal membrane defect in hepatocytes in glycogen storage disease type IB.
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PMID:Impaired chemotaxis and neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) function in glycogenosis type IB. 345 31

Cryostat sections from 14 surgical specimens were examined to determine whether selected factors of the immune response related to histopathological reactions are present in the palatal mucosa affected by hyperplastic denture stomatitis. By means of various immunological techniques the presence of IgG, IgA, IgM, complement factor C3c, receptors for the Fc region of IgG (FcR) and for complement factor C3b (C3bR), T lymphocytes, and macrophages were studied. The inflammatory infiltrate was mainly located in the papillary part of the lamina propria. IgG, IgA, and IgM appeared both in plasma cells and intercellularly. FcR, C3bR, and T lymphocytes were present in the areas with inflammatory cell infiltrate. Macrophages were found in the papillary part of the lamina propria and within the epithelium. The immunological response in the mucosa affected by denture stomatitis was in many respects similar to that of marginal and apical periodontitis. We conclude that hyperplastic denture stomatitis is a complex inflammatory lesion showing elements of both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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PMID:In situ characterization of the inflammatory cell infiltrates of hyperplastic denture stomatitis. 352 1


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