Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with H.pylori positive peptic ulcer disease were treated with a two weeks regimen consisting of 20 mg omeprazole twice daily and 500 mg amoxicillin six times daily. Subsequently, an H2-receptor antagonist was started (300 mg ranitidine) at night time for four weeks. Before and one month after completion of antibiotic therapy an upper GI-tract endoscopy was performed for determination of H.pylori infection [biopsy urease test (BUT), specific culture and histologic demonstration]. A total of 12 patients completed the study protocol. H.pylori eradication, defined as a negative result in BUT, culture and histology) four weeks after completion of the combined omeprazole/amoxicillin treatment regimen was achieved in 91.6% (11 of 12 patients). Complete ulcer healing was confirmed in all patients. A stomatitis was observed in one female patient as a possible side effect of antibiotic treatment, but this did not necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Only complicated drug regimen with many side effects have been available so far for successful eradication of H.pylori. Thus, the present drug combination might prove as an effective therapeutic option in the future. These data, however, await confirmation in larger study population.
 ...
PMID:[Modified combined omeprazole/amoxicillin therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a pilot study]. 147 66

In a prospective study 27 patients (13 women, 14 men; mean age 62 [45-83] years) with Helicobacter (H.) pylori associated disease received over 7 days pantoprazole (40 mg twice daily), clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily) and metronidazole (500 mg twice daily). Six patients had gastric ulcer, 4 duodenal ulcer, 4 erosive gastritis, 6 erosive duodenitis and 7 had H. pylori-positive functional dyspepsia. Pre-treatment oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was combined in 4 patients with antral and in 4 others with body-of-stomach biopsies to demonstrate H, pylori (urease test, specific culture and histology). The H. pylori status was checked with the 13C-urea breath test 4 weeks after the end of treatment. In addition, 9 patients with peptic ulcer were examined endoscopically at least 2 weeks after onset of the treatment to check for any healing of the ulcers, 25 of the patients completed the study according to the protocol. The H. pylori eradication rate was 100% (25 of 25 patients), while the "intention to treat" analysis gave a rate of 92.6% (25 of the 27 patients). The peptic ulcers were found to be healed in all 9 patients who had been endoscoped. One woman developed a reversible stomatitis, but the drug treatment did not have to be stopped. -These findings indicate that short-term triple treatment in the described manner is efficacious in curing H. pylori infection and any peptic ulcer. It is thus a highly promising treatment of H. pylori-associated diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Short-term triple therapy with pantoprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole for the healing of Helicobacter pylori infection]. 788 16

Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin(R)), one of the newer antirheumatic drugs, while providing varying degrees of symptomatic relief in various types of rheumatism, may also cause serious toxic side effects. It is most effective in acute gout, and slightly less so in rheumatoid arthritis, of both the spondylitic and peripheral types. Its use in degenerative arthritis is not indicated. Its toxic side effects include gastrointestinal upsets, edema, rash, stomatitis, purpura, hematuria, agranulocytosis and reactivation of peptic ulcer. Several fatalities have been reported. It is, however, a valuable drug if used properly. Extreme caution should be exercised in selection of patients, in administration of the drug and in continuous observation of patients receiving it.
 ...
PMID:Phenylbutazone: an evaluation of its use. 1308 20

The effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs can vary depending on the time of administration in relation to 24-hour rhythms of biochemical, physiological and behavioural processes under the control of the circadian clock. Such chronopharmacological phenomena are influenced by not only the pharmacokinetics but also pharmacodynamics of medications. Chronotherapy is especially relevant when the risk and/or intensity of the symptoms of disease vary predictably over time as exemplified by allergic rhinitis, arthritis, asthma, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke and peptic ulcer disease. Morning, once-daily administration of corticosteroids results in little adrenocortical suppression, while the same daily dose split into four equal doses to coincide with daily meals and bedtime results in significant hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression. In a randomised, multicentre trial involving patients with previously untreated metastases from colorectal cancer, the chronomodulated infusion of oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and folinic acid was compared with a constant-rate infusion method. Adverse effects such as stomatitis and peripheral sensory neuropathy were lower and objective response was higher with chronotherapy as compared with the fixed-rate infusion. The merit of chronomodulated infusion is supported by the 24-hour rhythm of DNA synthesis and the activity of dehydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, which brings about the intracellular catabolism of fluorouracil. On the other hand, haloperidol and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have diverse effects on sleep continuity and nocturnal arousals. Although interferon also alters the clock function, this disruptive effect can be overcome by devising an administration regimen that minimises adverse drug effects on clock function. Thus, one approach to increasing the efficiency of pharmacotherapy is the administration of drugs at times at which they are most effective and/or best tolerated.
 ...
PMID:Changes in toxicity and effectiveness with timing of drug administration: implications for drug safety. 1458 62

Melatonin, an indole formed enzymatically from L-tryptophan, is the most versatile and ubiquitous hormone molecule produced not only in all animals but also in some plants. This review focuses on the role of melatonin in upper portion of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and duodenum, where this indole is generated and released into the GIT lumen and into the portal circulation to be uptaken, metabolized by liver and released with bile into the duodenum. The biosynthetic steps of melatonin with two major rate limiting enzymes, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), transforming tryptophan to melatonin, originally identified in pinealocytes have been also detected in entero-endocrine (EE) cells of GIT wall, where this indole may act via endocrine, paracrine and/or luminal pathway through G-protein coupled receptors. Melatonin in GIT was shown to be generated in about 500 times larger amounts than it is produced in pineal gland. The production of melatonin by pineal gland shows circadian rhythm with high night-time peak, especially at younger age, followed by the fall during the day-light time. As a highly lipophilic substance, melatonin reaches all body cells within minutes, to serve as a convenient circadian timing signal for alteration of numerous body functions.. Following pinealectomy, the light/dark cycle of plasma melatonin levels disappears, while its day-time blood concentrations are attenuated but sustained mainly due to its release from the GIT. After oral application of tryptophan, the plasma melatonin increases in dose-dependent manner both in intact and pinealectomized animals, indicating that extrapineal sources such as GIT rather than pineal gland are the major producers of this indole. In the upper portion of GIT, melatonin exhibits a wide spectrum of activities such as circadian entrainment, free radicals scavenging activity, protection of mucosa against various irritants and healing of various GIT lesions such as stomatitis, esophagitis, gastritis and peptic ulcer. This review concentrates on the generation and pathophysiological implication of melatonin in upper GIT.
 ...
PMID:Role of melatonin in upper gastrointestinal tract. 1821 99