Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The protective effect of crude rat interferon against infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) was assessed in two culture systems: the PC12 cell line and dissociated rat neurons derived from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Interferon was induced in rat embryo cells by inactivated Newcastle disease virus, and its effect was assessed by reduction of viral yields and prevention of viral cytopathology. Interferon protected PC12 cells, both in the presence and absence of nerve growth factor (NGF), against infection by both viruses, although at differing concentrations: protection against VSV was noted at approximately a 10-fold lower interferon concentration than that required to inhibit HSV infection. Dissociated SCG neurons were also protected, but higher interferon concentrations were required. These results demonstrate that the antiviral state can be established in neurons in response to interferon.
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PMID:Interferon protects neurons in culture infected with vesicular stomatitis and herpes simplex viruses. 618 2

Cells derived from the brain of a 6 wk-old ferret have been subcultured over 100 times and have undergone over 400 population doublings in vitro. These cells, referred to as Mpf cells, have an absolute efficiency of colony formation in excess of 45%, exhibit a mean population doubling time of 12.5 h, possess ferret-specific antigens, and have isozymes with electrophoretic properties that are the same as those of isozymes found in ferret liver. The cells exhibit a cytopathic effect and support the synthesis of progeny virus when they are infected with the viruses of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Newcastle disease, pseudorabies, Sindbis, vaccinia, and vesicular stomatitis. The passage level of the Mpf cells, their elapsed number of population doublings, their possession of ferret-specific antigens, and the comigration of four isozymes obtained from these cells and ferret liver define the cells as an established line of ferret cells.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of ferret cells in culture. 618 11

The influence of one virus on the in vivo cytotoxic T-cell response to a different concurrent viral infection was analyzed. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis and Newcastle disease viruses, known to induce high interferon titers, and the synthetic interferon inducer polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid inhibited the cytotoxic T-cell response against the second virus. In contrast, vaccinia and vesicular stomatitis viruses failed to induce inhibition. Inhibition directly correlated with the interferon titers; similarly, the interferon titers directly correlated with macrophage and natural killer cell activation. The involvement in vivo of interferon in macrophage and natural killer cell activation and the possible mechanisms of inhibition of the cytotoxic responses are shown by the inhibition of the effect by antibodies against interferon.
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PMID:Influence of one virus infection on a second concurrent primary in vivo antiviral cytotoxic T-cell response. 619 82

Four strains of avian reovirus were ineffective inducers of interferon (IFN) in chicken kidney (CK) cell cultures. All strains were similar in single-cycle replication curves. At multiplicities of infection between 0.20 and 10 plaque-forming units per cell, IFN was not induced in CK cells. Reovirus did not produce an IFN blocker in CK cells. Attenuated reovirus did induce IFN in aged chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell cultures. By priming cells with a low dose of IFN before infection with reovirus, IFN formation by CEF could be enhanced. Ultraviolet-inactivated avian reovirus was an effective inducer of IFN in both CK and CEK cell cultures. The sensitivity of avian reoviruses (Fahey-Crawley, Reo-25, S-1133, Reo-V) to chicken interferon (Ch-IFN) was studied by the plaque-reduction method. Avian reoviruses were less sensitive to Ch-IFN than was vesicular stomatitis virus or Semliki Forest virus and appeared to be as resistant to IFN as was Newcastle disease virus.
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PMID:Studies on interferon induction and interferon sensitivity of avian reoviruses. 619 57

Peripheral blood leucocytes from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and from normal individuals were tested for their interferon (IFN) producing capacity after stimulation in vitro with various lectins and viruses. The lectins, Con A, PHA and PWM, induced IFN-gamma. In a kinetic study, the response to Con A revealed itself as an all or none event: the number of responding cultures increased with increasing mitogen dose, but the IFN yield in responding cultures did not differ significantly between dose levels. Thus, any patient or donor could easily be rated as a responder or non-responder. About 1/2 of the MS patients were found to be non-responders if Con A or PHA were used as stimuli. Ninety per cent of the normal donors on the other hand were responders. With PWM as a stimulus 100% of both the MS patients and normal donor groups were found to be responders. Also, with PWM very small doses were sufficient to obtain a 100% response rate among tested cultures, and IFN production persisted for 5 days, while with Con A or PHA it was arrested after 2-3 days. The results indicate that the MS associated lesion is not the absence of functional impairment of all IFN-gamma producing cells, but in only a fraction of them or in an accessory cell population required for the response to Con A and PHA but not to PWM. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) both induced IFN-alpha. With NDV as the inducer response rates were 100% and yields were high irrespective of whether the cells were derived from patients or control donors. In contrast, with VSV as the inducer lower response rates were found in cultures from MS patients than in those from controls.
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PMID:Interferon production by cultured peripheral leucocytes of MS patients. 620 70

The survival of selected viruses in fermented edible waste material was studied to determine the feasibility of using this material as a livestock feed ingredient. Seven viruses, including pseudorabies, Newcastle disease, infectious canine hepatitis, avian infectious bronchitis, measles, vesicular stomatitis, and a porcine picornavirus were inoculated into a mixture of ground food waste (collected from a school lung program) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mixtures were incubated at 5 C, 10 C, 20 C, and 30 C for 96 hours. Temperature, pH, and redox potential were monitored. Samples for virus isolation were obtained daily. Newcastle disease virus and infectious canine hepatitis virus survived the entire test period. The porcine picornavirus was inactivated at 30 C after 74 hours, but survived for the entire test period at the other temperatures. Pseudorabies virus was inactivated at 20 C and 30 C within 24 hours, but survived for 48 hours at 10 C and 96 hours at 5 C. Avian infectious bronchitis virus was inactivated at 20 C and 30 C within 24 hours, but survived 72 hours at 5 C and 10 C. Measles and vesicular stomatitis viruses were rapidly inactivated at all 4 temperatures.
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PMID:Survival of viruses in fermented edible waste material. 626 22

The coordination compound cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) was shown by Rosenberg et al. (17) to exhibit antitumour activity. Several authors have indicated limited virustatic properties of cis-DDP against bacterial, oncogenic, avipox and paramyxo viruses. In our investigations, cis-DDP significantly showed an antiviral action in vitro against enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, such as vaccinia, pseudorabies, herpes simplex type 1, Newcastle disease, influenza A/fowl plague, influenza A/Victoria 3/75, influenza A/Jena 48/78, influenza B/Johannesburg and vesicular stomatitis viruses. Out of the group of nonenveloped viruses, adenovirus type 4 and 5 were inhibited, whereas no inhibition against naked cardiovirus Mengo could be estimated. The antiviral action was proved against extracellular virus by dialysis experiments with vaccinia virus and also during the replication cycles of enveloped viruses. In trials with cell-free viruses the plaque reduction of all sensitive viruses mentioned above amounted to 100 per cent in comparison to the untreated controls caused by virus inactivation with loss of infectivity in contact with several concentrations of cis-DDP. On the other hand, the addition of the compound for one hour only immediately after infection or up to 8 hrs later produced a complete depression of further multiplication of vaccinia virus. Likewise, the replication of influenza virus A/FPV or VSV was inhibited whereas the multiplication of adenoviruses was not influenced in a comparable manner.
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PMID:[On the biological action of transition metal complexes. 3. About the antiviral activity of cis-dichloro diammine platinum (II) (author's transl)]. 627 96

In view of the fact that bis cyclopentadienyl metal dihalides are known to be anti-tumour drugs, we have investigated the antiviral activity of this type of coordination compounds. Bis cyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride (a) has shown significant antiviral efficiency in vitro against representatives of a nuber of enveloped DNA and RNA viruses. Inhibition of orthopoxvirus (vaccinia), herpes virus (pseudorabies), orthomyxoviruses (influenza A/fowl plague [FPV], influenza A/Victoria 3/75, influenza A/jena 48/78 and influenza B/Johannesburg), paramyxovirus (Newcastle disease [NDV]) and rhabdovirus (vesicular stomatitis [VSV]) was observed after direct contact with the compound under loss of infectivity up to 100%. Regarding the group of unenveloped viruses only adenovirus type 4 became influenced but not type 5. No antiviral activity could be found against the cardiovirus Mengo. The compound bis cyclopentadienyl molybdenum dichloride failed to show an antiviral action versus vaccinia, influenza A/FPV and influenza viruses B/Johannesburg. Application of the inhibitor (a) during the replication of vaccinia and influenza viruses A/FPV in cell cultures produced an additional effect of inhibition of virus multiplication. On the other hand, adenovirus type 4 and VSV replication was not affected by titanocene dichloride.
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PMID:[On the biological action of transition metal complexes. 4. The antiviral activity of metallocene dichlorides of titanium and molybdenum (author's transl)]. 627 97

Based on subcellular fractionation data, the following maturation pathways were proposed for the Newcastle disease virus glycoproteins. During or shortly after synthesis in rough endoplasmic reticulum, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F0) glycoproteins underwent dolichol pyrophosphate-mediated glycosylation, and HN assumed a partially trypsin-resistant conformation. HN began to associate into disulfide-linked dimers in rough endoplasmic reticulum, and at least one of its oligosaccharide side chains was processed to a complex form en route to the cell surface. During migration in intracellular membranes, F0 was proteolytically cleaved to F1.2. Neither HN nor F1,2 required oligosaccharide side chains for migration to plasma membranes, and cleavage of F0 also occurred without glycosylation. Virion- and plasma membrane-associated HN contained both complex and high-mannose oligosaccharide chains on the same molecule, and F1,2 contained at least high-mannose forms. Several of the properties of HN were notable for a viral glycoprotein. The oligosaccharide side chains of HN were modified very slowly in chick cells, whereas those of the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus were rapidly processed to a complex form. Therefore, their different rates of migration and carbohydrate processing were intrinsic properties of these glycoproteins. Consistent with its slow maturation, the HN glycopolypeptide accumulated to high levels in intracellular membranes as well as in plasma membranes. Intracellular HN contained immature oligosaccharide side chains, suggesting that it accumulated in the pre-Golgi/Golgi segment of the maturation pathway. The major site of accumulation of mature HN with neuraminidase activity was the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Maturation of the envelope glycoproteins of Newcastle disease virus on cellular membranes. 628 83

Primary guinea pig embryo (GPE) fibroblasts were assessed as potential sources of guinea pig interferon (IFN). GPE cells proved to be excellent in vitro producers of guinea pig IFN, although the actual amounts produced were only detectable when sample irradiation under ultraviolet light (to inactivate inducing viruses) was substituted for overnight sample treatment at pH 2. Thus, the rapid spontaneous inactivation of large proportion of the antiviral activity after overnight exposure to 4 degrees C, regardless of pH, was avoided. IFN was induced using Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Sindbis virus, and a genetic variant of vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV T1026R1. Each virus exhibited different dose response kinetics, with VSV T1026R1 proving the most efficient inducer of the three. Optimal IFN production depended largely on virus multiplicity and cell age. All the antiviral activity produced by GPE fibroblasts had the classical properties of species specificity, susceptibility to trypsin, and a broad range of antiviral activity.
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PMID:Improved conditions for the production and detection of interferon from guinea pig embryo cells. 630 82


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