Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by a vesicular palmoplantar eruption and erosive stomatitis. Nail matrix arrest has been associated with a variety of drug exposures and systemic illnesses, including infections, and may result in a variety of changes, including transverse ridging (Beau's lines) and nail shedding (onychomadesis). The association of HFMD with Beau's lines and onychomadesis has not been reported previously. Five children, ages 22 months-4 years, presented with Beau's lines and/or onychomadesis following physician-diagnosed HFMD by 3-8 weeks. Three of the five patients experienced fever with HFMD, and none had a history of nail trauma, periungual dermatitis, periungual vesicular lesions, or a significant medication intake history. All patients experienced HFMD within 4 weeks of one another, and all resided in the suburbs of the Chicago metropolitan area. In all patients the nail changes were temporary with spontaneous normal regrowth. The mechanism of the nail matrix arrest is unclear, but the timing and geographic clustering of the patients suggests an epidemic caused by the same viral strain.
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PMID:Nail matrix arrest following hand-foot-mouth disease: a report of five children. 1072 Sep 80

Universal and serotype-specific primer sets were used in simple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays on field samples of epithelium and vesicular fluid to determine their suitability for primary diagnosis of all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). The specificity of reactions was confirmed by using other vesicular disease viruses, namely: swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and three vesiviruses. This resulted in the identification of a universal O/A/C/Asia 1 primer set (1F/1R) located in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the FMD virus genome for the successful detection of virus of these serotypes in clinical samples although this primer set detected FMD virus of the SAT1/2/3 serotypes less efficiently. The 5' UTR universal primer set could be used for the primary diagnosis of FMD in conjunction with the routine diagnostic methods of virus isolation in cell culture and ELISA, although a more favourable reaction would be expected with FMD viruses of the O/A/C/Asia 1 group than with those of the SAT serotypes. The other examined universal and serotype-specific primer sets, located principally in the P1 capsid-coding region, were generally inferior to the 5' UTR universal primer set. It is envisaged that this evaluation of primers will lead to the development of alternative PCR strategies, for example nested PCR formats, with concomitant improvement in the speed of primary diagnosis of FMD which under present procedures can be lengthy.
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PMID:Primary diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. 1099 50

Two features of viral quasispecies are reviewed: the presence of memory genomes as minority components of their mutant spectra, and viral extinction due to enhanced mutagenesis. Memory has been documented with several genetic markers of the important animal picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The presence of memory genomes in viral quasispecies may accelerate their adaptive response whenever a selective constraint has already been experienced by a viral population during previous stages of its evolution. Enhanced mutagenesis has been shown to lead to losses of infectivity of a number of RNA viruses: poliovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and FMDV. These observations, based on the theoretical prediction of the existence of a copying error-threshold for maintenance of genetic information, may contribute to the development of a new antiviral strategy.
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PMID:Emergence and selection of RNA virus variants: memory and extinction. 1188 48

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an important disease of cattle, horses and pigs. The causal agent is an arbovirus; vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) of which two distinct serotypes New Jersey (NJ) and Indiana (IN) have been described. The clinical signs in cattle and pigs are undistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), one of the most devastating viral infections of livestock. VSV is the most important cause of vesicular disease in FMD-free countries in the Americas, causing thousands of outbreaks every year from southern Mexico to northern South America. In the United States VS has two different patterns of occurrence; in the southeastern states (Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina and South Carolina) a pattern of yearly occurrence of clinical cases in livestock was reported from early 1900s until the mid 1970s. Since then, viral activity in the region has been focal and limited to isolated wildlife populations. In contrast in the southwestern states (New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Colorado) VS outbreaks have occurred sporadically at approximately 10-year intervals, with the last cycle of activity occurring from 1995 to 1998. Phylogenetic analyses of VSV have shown that distinct viral lineages occur in the southwestern and southeastern US. Furthermore, in the last 70 years each sporadic outbreak in the Southwest was associated to viral lineages distant from those causing previous outbreaks in the US but closely related to viruses maintained in endemic areas of Mexico. This pattern of viral occurrence contrasts with that observed in endemic areas in Central and South America where viral genetic lineages are maintained in specific ecological areas over long periods of time. The phylogenetic data together with the geographical and temporal distribution of outbreaks indicate that VSV does not have a stable endemic cycle in the western United States.
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PMID:Emergence and re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the United States. 1203 87

This review deals with the role of viruses in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus have been isolated from milk from cows with clinical mastitis. Intramammary inoculations of bovine herpesvirus 1 or parainfluenza 3 virus-induced clinical mastitis, while an intramammary inoculation of foot-and-mouth disease virus resulted in necrosis of the mammary gland. Subclinical mastitis has been induced after a simultaneous intramammary and intranasal inoculation of lactating cows with bovine herpesvirus 4. Bovine leukaemia virus has been detected in mammary tissue of cows with subclinical mastitis, but whether this virus was able to induce bovine mastitis has not been reported. Bovine herpesvirus 2, vaccinia, cowpox, pseudocowpox, vesicular stomatitis, foot-and-mouth disease viruses, and bovine papillomaviruses can play an indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. These viruses can induce teat lesions, for instance in the ductus papillaris, which result in a reduction of the natural defence mechanisms of the udder and indirectly in bovine mastitis due to bacterial pathogens. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine immunodeficiency virus, and bovine leukaemia virus infections may play an indirect role in bovine mastitis, due to their immunosuppressive properties. But, more research is warranted to underline their indirect role in bovine mastitis. We conclude that viral infections can play a direct or indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis; therefore, their importance in the aetiology of bovine mastitis and their economical impact needs further attention.
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PMID:Viral infections and bovine mastitis: a review. 1211 36

Between September 1997 and March 1998, a severe skin, eye, and mouth disease was observed in a population of dusky pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri), at the Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge in Volusia County, Florida (USA). Three affected pigmy rattlesnakes were submitted for necropsy. All snakes had severe necrotizing and predominantly granulomatous dermatitis, stomatitis, and ophthalmitis, with involvement of the subadjacent musculature and other soft tissues. Numerous fungal hyphae were seen throughout tissue sections stained with periodic acid Schiff and Gomori's methenamine silver. Samples of lesions were cultured for bacteria and fungi. Based on hyphae and spore characteristics, four species of fungi were identified from culture: Sporothrix schenckii, Pestalotia pezizoides, Geotrichum candidum (Galactomyces geotrichum), and Paecilomyces sp. While no additional severely affected pigmy rattlesnakes were seen at the study site, a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and a ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritis) with similar lesions were found. In 1998 and 1999, 42 pigmy rattlesnakes with multifocal minimal to moderate subcutaneous masses were seen at the study site. Masses from six of these snakes were biopsied in the field. Hyphae morphologically similar to those seen in the severe cases were observed with fungal stains. Analysis of a database representing 10,727 captures in previous years was performed after the 1998 outbreak was recognized. From this analysis we determined that 59 snakes with clinical signs similar to those seen during the 1998 outbreak were documented between 1992 and 1997. This study represents the first documented report of a mycotic disease of free-ranging snakes.
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PMID:An outbreak of fungal dermatitis and stomatitis in a free-ranging population of pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Florida. 1291 Jul 60

The multiple reports in this issue of the Journal from the Agenda for Action conference, coupled with the analysis by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council, and the Auditor General (UK) on bioterror preparedness and homeland security, highlight the immediate need for rapid disease detection and advanced diagnostic capabilities to protect the public health, animal agriculture, and the numerous associated economies in the United States. In response to the potentially devastating consequences that could arise, there is an acute need for rapid detection of a variety of the lethal foreign animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza, classical swine fever, rinderpest, exotic Newcastle disease virus (END), and domestic, vesicular look-alike diseases that include bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, vesicular stomatitis, bovine herpes IBR, contagious ecthyma, bovine herpes mammilitis virus, vesicular exanthema, malignant catarrhal fever, and papular stomatitis. Some striking advances are occurring in the creation of rapid technology, including microfluidics, robotics, miniaturization, and biostabilization that are quickly being applied to the development of rapid microbial detection assays. These are now providing important weapons to combat this agricultural vulnerability.
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PMID:Molecular weapons against agricultural vulnerability and the war on terror. 1297 Aug 63

A survey was conducted to determine the availability, country of origin, and manufacturer of vaccines for all Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) list A diseases. A large number of classical swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease and Newcastle disease vaccines were found. A limited number of vaccines was also located for African horse sickness, bluetongue, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, highly pathogenic avian influenza, lumpy skin disease, peste des petits ruminants, rift valley fever, rinderpest, sheep and goat pox, and vesicular stomatitis. No African swine fever or swine vesicular disease vaccines were found. Experimental vaccines are not included in this survey.
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PMID:A survey of vaccines produced for OIE list A diseases in OIE member countries. 1467 73

Differential detection of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) from the other vesicular disease viruses of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), vesicular stomatitis (VS) and vesivirus is important as the vesicular lesions produced by these viruses are indistinguishable in pigs. Two independent sets of primers and probe, designed from nucleotide sequences within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the SVDV genome, were evaluated in a real-time (5' nuclease probe-based or fluorogenic) PCR format. Although both primers/probe sets failed to detect one isolate, the assays successfully amplified RNA extracted from epithelial suspensions (ES) and cell culture grown virus preparations from clinical samples representing all currently designated phylogenetic groups of SVDV. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity was demonstrated when these primer/probe sets were tested with RNA prepared from all seven serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV) and from selected isolates of VS virus (VSV), vesivirus and teschoviruses. These assays provide sensitive and rapid alternatives to supplement the routine procedures of ELISA and virus isolation for SVDV diagnosis. The two independent sets of primers/probe can be used routinely while only one of the primers/probe sets would typically be used in SVDV diagnosis during an outbreak.
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PMID:Evaluation of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of swine vesicular disease virus. 1473 84

Infection of cells by picornaviruses leads to the generation of intracellular membrane vesicles. The expression of poliovirus (PV) 3A protein causes swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inhibition of protein trafficking between the ER and the Golgi apparatus. Here, we report that the nonstructural proteins of a second picornavirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), also perturb the secretory pathway. FMDV proteins 3A, 2B, 2C, and 2BC expressed alone in cells were recovered from crude membrane fractions, indicating membrane association. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that 3A was located in a reticular structure and 2B was located in the ER, while 2C was located in both the ER and the bright punctate structures within the Golgi apparatus. 2BC gave punctate cytoplasmic staining and also caused accumulation of ER proteins in large vesicular structures located around the nuclei. The effect of the FMDV proteins on the trafficking of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (G protein) from the ER to the cell surface was determined. Unlike its PV counterpart, the 3A protein of FMDV did not prevent trafficking of the G protein to the cell surface. Instead, surface expression of the G protein was blocked by 2BC, with retention of the G protein in a modified ER compartment staining for 2BC. The results suggest that the nonstructural proteins of different picornaviruses may vary in their ability to perturb the secretory pathway. Since FMDV 2BC can block the delivery of proteins to the cell surface, it may, as shown for PV 3A, play a role in immune evasion and contribute to the persistent infections observed in ruminants.
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PMID:Effects of foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural proteins on the structure and function of the early secretory pathway: 2BC but not 3A blocks endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport. 1576 38


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