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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Isolation of viruses from calves with acute respiratory tract disease were attempted on bovine embryonic lung cell cultures. An isolate obtained from one calf with oral lesions and respiratory disease, designated 44-M-E482, was characterized as a paravaccinia virus on the basis of biological and physical properties. The calf from which the paravaccinia virus 44-M-E482 was isolated did not possess serum neutralizing antibody in its convalescent sera; neither did experimentally inoculated calves possess serum neutralizing antibody to the isolate. However, a low titer of serum neutralizing antibody was produced in one calf after several intravenous injections of the virus. Inoculation of calves with 44-M-E482 into the oral mucosa, skin, nasal cavity and pharynx did not cause any noticeable illness or lesions. The relation of 44-M-E482 to the viruses which cause bovine papular stomatitis and pseudocowpox is discussed.
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PMID:A paravaccinia virus isolated from cattle. 18 95

An account is given of the close correlations that exist between virus strains of bovine papular stomatitis, orf, pseudocowpox, and milker's nodule. Reference is made to literature data on natural infection of man with the above virus strains. A report then is presented on experimental infection of human volunteers, using paravaccine birus. While fairly tough and elevated nodules, 4 mm to 5 mm in diameter, were produced on the probends' skin, no re-isolation of virus was achieved.
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PMID:[Experimental infection of man using viral strains of bovine papular stomatitis, orf, pseudocowpox and milker's nodule]. 20 42

The DNAs of eight parapoxviruses (four stomatitis papulosa viruses isolated from infected calves, a pseudocowpox virus isolated from a teat lesion of an infected cow and three orf viruses, one isolated from an infected sheep and two isolated from human infections) were analysed in CsCl gradients. The mole % of G+C was calculated from the buoyant density and found to be approx. 63% for all virus isolates examined. Parapoxvirus DNA thus has by far the highest G+C content of all poxvirus DNAs so far examined.
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PMID:High C + G content in parapoxvirus DNA. 22 18

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against orf virus-specified cell surface proteins in an attempt to develop reagents capable of differentiating between members of the Parapoxviridae. Two immunization protocols were used to induce an anti-orf response in BALB/c mice, one of which resulted in virus replication in the recipient. The monoclonal antibodies produced were tested for crossreactivity with bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPS) and milker's node virus (MNV) by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoblotting. The results indicate that significant antigenic overlap exists between isolates of orf, MNV and BPS, even at the level of specificity provided by monoclonal antibodies. One monoclonal antibody reacted strongly in IFA with orf virus isolates, very weakly with MNV, and not at all with BPS. On immunoblots this same antibody recognized a 40-43 kDa protein in orf virus-infected cells, and also a 45-48 kDa protein in cells infected with MNV or BPS virus. The data suggest that it may be possible to define parapoxvirus strains on the basis of small variations in specific virus-directed cell surface proteins.
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PMID:Differentiation of parapoxviruses by application of orf virus-specific monoclonal antibodies against cell surface proteins. 171 90

A cutaneous form of bovine papular stomatitis (BPS) infection was diagnosed in eight persons at the School of Veterinary Medicine at Auburn University, Auburn, Ala. The initial outbreak occurred in five persons who were involved in the care of a bull that required manual placement of an oral feeding tube. Confirmation of diagnosis was based on clinical findings, cytopathological effects in tissue culture, and isolation of typical paravaccinia virus particles in tissue culture. Transmission studies were performed successfully in three normal calves using tissue culture prepared from human biopsy material. In man, the cutaneous form of BPS infection shows gross lesions similar to the cutaneous form of contagious ecthyma ("orf") or pseudocowpox ("milkers' nodules") infection. Because BPS in cattle occurs most often without evidence of readily observable lesions, unlike contagious ecthyma in sheep or pseudocowpox in cattle, the transmission of BPS to man in the cutaneous form could occur without apparent source. The mild clinical manifestations make the condition relatively minor; however, the occasional case may have more severe lesions.
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PMID:Cutaneous form of bovine papular stomatitis in man. 627 5

There are three accepted members of the parapoxvirus genus, orf virus (OV), papular stomatitis virus (PSV), and pseudocowpox virus (PCV). OV is maintained in sheep and goats and PSV and PCV in cattle. Restriction endonuclease profiles of the DNA derived from representatives of these established members of the genus were compared with profiles from a parapoxvirus recently isolated from red deer. In no case did the profile of this latter virus (DPV) resemble those generated from the other parapoxviruses. Southern blot hybridization using total DPV DNA as a probe revealed homology between DPV and the central regions of the genomes of the other parapoxviruses but not to their terminal regions. These results indicate that the genome of DPV is as different from the genomes of the three accepted members of the genus as the latter are from each other and argue for the inclusion of DPV as a new member of the parapoxvirus genus.
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PMID:Parapoxvirus of red deer: evidence for its inclusion as a new member in the genus parapoxvirus. 774 56

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were generated in BALB/c mice immunized with gradient-purified particles, envelopes and cores of intracellular mature orf virus D-1701. Three distinct antigenic sites were identified in this virus strain. Their topographical relationships was determined by pairwise epitope specificity studies in competition ELISAs. One MAb (class IgM) neutralized virus infectivity. Four micrograms/ml purified IgM gave a 50% reduction of 100 PFU of orf virus D-1701. As shown by immunogold electron microscopy (ELMI), all MAbs reacted with epitopes localized on the virus surface. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that two proteins of a Mr of 39kDa and 22kDa were the main targets for the Mabs. Cross-reactivity studies of several parapoxviruses (PPV) differentiated stomatitis papulosa virus strains from orf virus and milker's node virus (MNV) by a missing antigenic site.
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PMID:Identification of three distinct antigenic sites in parapoxviruses. 917 May 6

The genus Parapoxvirus includes four members, bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), orf virus (ORFV) and parapoxvirus of red deer in New Zealand (PVNZ). A set of primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed to detect viral DNA from cells infected with each of the four parapoxviruses. The set of primers resulted in the amplification of appropriately sized products from cells infected with BPSV, PCPV, ORFV and PVNZ, respectively. The PCR method was applied for the detection of seven field isolates of parapoxvirus from cattle, sheep and free-ranging wild Japanese serows. The expected size of DNA was amplified from cells infected with each of the seven isolates. No specific PCR products were detected from vaccinia virus-, fowlpox virus- and mock-infected cells. Moreover, by a semi-nested PCR with an inner primer and Southern blot analysis, viral DNA was detected from lesions of clinically affected cattle, sheep and Japanese serows. These results suggested that the PCR method used in this study was specific for the detection of parapoxviruses and thus useful for diagnosis of parapoxvirus infections, especially in discrimination from diseases with similar clinical symptoms.
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PMID:Detection and diagnosis of parapoxvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. 1068 Sep 70

Viruses of the genus parapoxvirus from the family poxviridae cause widespread but localized diseases of small and large ruminants. The economically most important disease is contagious pustular dermatitis or contagious ecthyma among sheep and goats, often simply called orf. The parapoxviruses (PPV) can be transmitted to man leading to localized lesions that are named pseudocowpox or milkers' node as being mostly restricted to the hands and fingers. In cattle two forms of PPV manifestation are commonly observed, the bovine papular stomatitis in young calves and the occurrence of lesions at the udder of cows. We here report about the recent efforts in molecular characterization of orf viruses and the state of the art about the generation of orf virus recombinants. In addition the current knowledge on immune responses against orf viruses and some new data on the behaviour of orf virus recombinants under non-permissive conditions are reported.
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PMID:Parapoxviruses: from the lesion to the viral genome. 1191 96

This review deals with the role of viruses in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus have been isolated from milk from cows with clinical mastitis. Intramammary inoculations of bovine herpesvirus 1 or parainfluenza 3 virus-induced clinical mastitis, while an intramammary inoculation of foot-and-mouth disease virus resulted in necrosis of the mammary gland. Subclinical mastitis has been induced after a simultaneous intramammary and intranasal inoculation of lactating cows with bovine herpesvirus 4. Bovine leukaemia virus has been detected in mammary tissue of cows with subclinical mastitis, but whether this virus was able to induce bovine mastitis has not been reported. Bovine herpesvirus 2, vaccinia, cowpox, pseudocowpox, vesicular stomatitis, foot-and-mouth disease viruses, and bovine papillomaviruses can play an indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. These viruses can induce teat lesions, for instance in the ductus papillaris, which result in a reduction of the natural defence mechanisms of the udder and indirectly in bovine mastitis due to bacterial pathogens. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine immunodeficiency virus, and bovine leukaemia virus infections may play an indirect role in bovine mastitis, due to their immunosuppressive properties. But, more research is warranted to underline their indirect role in bovine mastitis. We conclude that viral infections can play a direct or indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis; therefore, their importance in the aetiology of bovine mastitis and their economical impact needs further attention.
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PMID:Viral infections and bovine mastitis: a review. 1211 36


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