Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anti-tumor efficacy and safety of idarubicin (IDR) were investigated among patients in whom the standard therapy for malignant lymphoma had failed or who had suffered a recurrence. IDR was administered at a dose of 12 mg/m2 or 15 mg/m2 by a single i.v. bolus, and this dosage regimen was repeated every 3 weeks. Among total of 21 evaluable patients, there were 3 CRs and 1 PR, for an overall response rate of 19.0% (4/21). All patients who attained CR were cases which had recurred after receiving combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin. Adverse reactions were bone marrow suppression, including leucopenia (90.5%), neutropenia (95.2%), and thrombocytopenia (47.6%); gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea/vomiting (42.9%) and stomatitis (9.5%); alopecia (23.8%) and fever (19.0%). These results indicate that IDR is effective against refractory malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of idarubicin on malignant lymphoma]. 1047 80

This paper presents the case of a 65 year-old woman suffering from recurrent oral aphthoid ulcers which rapidly evolved towards hyperplastic and ulcerated lesions over the entire floor of the mouth. The initial lesions were interpreted as non-specific aphthoid ulcers. Later, a tentative diagnosis of necrotising stomatitis with secondary reactive proliferating epithelial hyperplasia was made. The clinical symptoms and the immuno-phenotyping of lymphocytes circulating in the peripheral blood suggested the diagnosis of CD30-positive large cell anaplastic lymphoma. The biopsy showed only a pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, reactive infiltrates and no lymphoma cells. The disease ran a fulminant course leading to death within 4 weeks due to acute gastro-intestinal bleeding. Autopsy revealed infiltrates of CD30+ large cell anaplastic lymphoma in a submandibular lymph node, in a thrombus stenosing the right subclavian vein, in the spleen, the anterior and posterior gastric wall as well as in the depth of the tumour on the floor of the mouth. The clinical and histopathological spectrum of CD30+ large cell anaplastic lymphoma is considerably variable. The particular feature of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia has been reported especially in CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphomas. An early correct diagnosis is rendered difficult in insufficient biopsy size, becauses this type of lymphoma often simulates other inflammatory or neoplastic skin diseases. Thus, with a necrotising and hyperplastic gingivostomatitis, the diagnosis of a CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma should be considered.
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PMID:Metastasising malignant lymphoma mimicking necrotising and hyperplastic gingivostomatitis. 1052 40

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) coinfect many individuals in North America and in parts of Africa. Infection with HIV is a leading risk factor for the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HIV infection of common or adjacent cells would stimulate replication and spread of KSHV. Infection of a primary effusion lymphoma cell line by vesicular stomatitis virus type G-pseudotyped HIV type 1 led to a rapid induction of lytic-phase KSHV replication. Induction of lytic KSHV replication by HIV required active replication of HIV. The addition of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor azidothymidine or the protease inhibitor indinavir to the culture prevented HIV spread and inhibited the associated induction of KSHV lytic replication. Lytic replication occurred in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected cells within the culture, and could be induced in uninfected cells via a soluble factor released from the HIV-infected cells. Transmission of infectious KSHV to an uninfected target cell was enhanced by HIV replication and was inhibited by antiretroviral drugs. These results may have implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of KS in individuals coinfected with KSHV and HIV.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus replication in a primary effusion lymphoma cell line stimulates lytic-phase replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. 1055 51

A 37-year-old male patient with a diffuse pleomorphic B-cell-lymphoma, which has been diagnosed two month earlier with the primary site at the pterygopalatine fossa on both sides with infiltration of the clivus and cavernous sinus was referred to our hospital for continuation of the third course of CHOP chemotherapy. At admission he reported about a recent history of painful swallowing and intermittent substernal chest pain. Alleviation of the pain on swallowing and the chest pain was apparently only possible by drinking 10 to 15 l of cold coca cola throughout the day and night, a regimen that resulted in polyuria. Physical examination revealed extensive thrush stomatitis and soor esophagitis. Despite successful treatment with fluconazole, polydipsia continued unabated. The classic osmotic test of dehydration and exogenous vasopressin revealed hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI). Basal hormones and stimulated endocrine function tests of the adenohypophysis were found to be normal. MRI-scan revealed lymphoma infiltration of the neurohypophysis. After the third course of CHOP chemotherapy the patient surprisingly recovered completely from his excessive thirst. The present report shows that clinical disorders such as thrush stomatitis can mask diabetes insipidus caused by an early relapsing lymphoma.
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PMID:Diabetes insipidus in a patient with a highly malignant B-cell lymphoma and stomatitis. 1096 68

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus) encodes four open reading frames with homology to cellular proteins of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family. Three of them, viral IRF-1 (vIRF-1), vIRF-2, and vIRF-3, have been cloned and found, when overexpressed, to down-regulate the transcriptional activity of interferon type I gene promoters in infected cells by interfering with the transactivating activity of cellular IRFs. In this study, we have further characterized vIRF-2 and shown that it is a nuclear protein which is constitutively expressed in HHV-8-positive pleural effusion lymphoma cell lines. Nuclear localization of vIRF-2 was confirmed by in situ detection of ectopically expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein/vIRF-2 fusion protein. We found that the expression of vIRF-2 in HEK293 cells inhibited the antiviral effect of interferon and rescued translation of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA from interferon-induced translational block. To provide insight into the mechanism of this effect we have demonstrated that vIRF-2 physically interacts with PKR consequently inhibiting autophosphorylation of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and blocking phosphorylation of PKR substrates histone 2A and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha. These results suggest that the latently expressed vIRF-2 has a role in viral mimicry which targets the activity of interferon-induced PKR kinase. By inhibiting the kinase activity of PKR and consequent down-modulation of protein synthesis, HHV-8 has evolved a mechanism by which it can overcome the interferon-mediated antiviral effect. Thus, the anti-interferon functions of vIRF-2 may contribute to the establishment of a chronic or latent infection.
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PMID:Latently expressed human herpesvirus 8-encoded interferon regulatory factor 2 inhibits double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase. 1116 Jul 38

It is hypothesized that supernatants from cell cultures contain several factors to modify the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Single round infection with pseudotyped viruses with envelope from HIV-1, amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MLV) and vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein (VSV-G) carrying luciferase reporter gene detected that not only human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-I (HTLV-1) transformed cells but also HTLV-I-unrelated T-cells and BJA-B cells released factors enhancing the infection with all pseudotyped viruses in their culture-supernatants. No supernatants upregulated the level of transcription from transfected DNA probe. suggesting that the action of supernatants is different from that of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Tax of HTLV-I. These results indicated that factors not always related to HTLV-I were ubiquitously produced and promoted viral infections, probably due to non-specific enhancement of early phase of the infection.
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PMID:Human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) tax is not the only one factor to enhance human immunodeficiency virus type-I (HIV-1) infection in culture-supernatants. 1155 5

An early phase II multi-center collaborative study of amrubicin hydrochloride, a novel synthetic anthracycline derivative anticancer agent, was conducted for malignant lymphoma at 12 institutions nationwide. A total of 41 patients were enrolled in this study between January 1988 and October 1990. Of these, 36 patients, six patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 30 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), were eligible for the study. The starting dose of amrubicin hydrochloride was 100 mg/m2 (body surface area) and it was administered once every three weeks, in principle. The efficacy was assessed for 34 patients, excluding two patients: one who has not been followed up adequately and the other violated the dosing schedule (once per week). The overall response rates (CR + PR) were 50.0% (3/6) for HD and 42.9% (12/28) for NHL. Furthermore, a relatively high response rate was noted in 8 (36.4%) of 22 NHL patients who had been treated with other anthracycline derivatives prior to the trial. The safety of amrubicin hydrochloride was assessed for 36 eligible patients. Leukopenia (grade 3 or higher) and thrombocytopenia were noted in 21 patients (58.3%) and 10 patients (27.8%), respectively. Anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fever, alopecia, decrease in hemoglobin and elevations of GOT and GPT levels were observed with a relatively high frequency. Other than myelosuppression, the following adverse reactions (grade 3 or higher) occurred during the course of the trial: diarrhea (two patients), alopecia (two patients), stomatitis (one patient), anorexia (one patient), nausea/vomiting (one patient) and fever (one patient). In conclusion, these results indicate that amrubicin hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of patients with malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:[Early phase II clinical trial of amrubicin hydrochloride in patients with malignant lymphoma]. 1172 78

Primary invasive mold infection of the oral cavity is a rare but serious complication in immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of fatal Trichoderma longibrachiatum stomatitis in a 66-year-old female patient with malignant lymphoma. The infection rapidly disseminated from the oral mucosa to the lungs during neutropenia. Despite intensive antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and itraconazole, there was a fatal progression of the condition. While Trichoderma species have been recognized to be pathogenic in profoundly immunosuppressed hosts, this is the first report of the primary oral focus causing a fatal infection.
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PMID:Fatal necrotizing stomatitis due to Trichoderma longibrachiatum in a neutropenic patient with malignant lymphoma: a case report. 1252 32

Elderly individuals are susceptible to autoimmune bullous dermatoses (in particular, pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and paraneoplastic pemphigus). Bullous dermatoses are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Bullous dermatoses result from autoimmune responses to one or more components of the basement membrane or desmosomes. Pemphigoid results from autoimmunity to hemidesmosomal proteins present in the basement membrane of stratified squamous epithelia. Patients present with tense blisters in flexural areas of the skin. Mild or moderate bullous pemphigoid may be treated with potent topical corticosteroids while extensive disease usually requires systemic corticosteroids or systemic immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine. Mucosal pemphigoid affects one or more mucous membranes that are lined by stratified squamous epithelia. The two most commonly involved sites are the eye and the oral cavity. Lesions frequently result in scar formation, which may cause blindness. Patients with severe disease or ocular involvement require aggressive therapy with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita results from autoimmunity to type VII collagen in the anchoring fibrils of the basement membrane area. Lesions may either arise on an inflammatory base or be non-inflammatory and result primarily from trauma. The inflammatory type of the disease is more responsive to therapy than the non-inflammatory type. Treatment options include corticosteroids, dapsone, cyclosporin, plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin G. Paraneoplastic pemphigus results from autoimmunity to multiple antigens within the desmosomes. The disorder is associated with neoplasms, especially leukaemia and lymphoma. Patients present with severe stomatitis and polymorphous skin eruption. The mucosal and cutaneous involvement may respond to successful treatment of the underlying neoplasm or may require immunosuppressive therapy.
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PMID:Autoimmune bullous dermatoses in the elderly: diagnosis and management. 1283 Dec 91

Microfloral invasion and colonization of oral cavity mucosal tissues contribute to the pathophysiology of ulcerative oral mucositis (UOM). Iseganan is an analog of Protegrin-1, a naturally occurring peptide with broad-spectrum microbicidal activity. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate iseganan in preventing UOM after stomatotoxic therapy. Patients received an oral rinse of iseganan 9 mg or placebo, swished/swallowed 6 times daily, starting with stomatotoxic therapy and continuing for 21-28 days. One hundred sixty three and 160 patients, respectively, were randomized to receive iseganan or placebo. One hundred and two patients (32%) were affected by a drug dispensing error, caused by a flawed computerized allocation system. Among all 323 patients, analyzed according to randomization assignment, 43% and 33% of iseganan and placebo patients, respectively, did not develop UOM (P = 0.067). On an 11-point scale, iseganan patients experienced less mouth pain (3.0 and 3.8 (P = 0.041), throat pain (3.8 and 4.6 (P = 0.048)), and difficulty swallowing (3.9 and 4.7 (P = 0.074)), compared to placebo patients. On the 5-point NCI CTC scale, iseganan patients experienced lower stomatitis scores (1.6 and 2.0 (P = 0.0131). Iseganan was well tolerated; no systemic absorption was detected. Iseganan is safe and may be effective in reducing UOM and its clinical sequelae.
Leuk Lymphoma 2003 Jul
PMID:A phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational trial of iseganan for the prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving stomatotoxic chemotherapy (PROMPT-CT trial). 1291 69


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