Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Taxol is a unique plant product that promotes in vitro assembly of microtubules. In a phase I trial, adults with advanced solid tumors were given taxol (formulated with cremophor EL and dehydrated alcohol) as a 3-hour iv infusion every 21 days. The total dose administered ranged from 15 to 230 mg/m2 in nine escalation steps. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, alopecia, stomatitis, transient rashes, increases in serum triglyceride levels, and hypersensitivity reactions were observed. Hypersensitivity reactions characterized by acute dyspnea, generalized erythema, and hypotension immediately following the initiation of the taxol infusion occurred in three of five patients receiving greater than or equal to 190 mg/m2 (18% of patients overall). No antitumor activity was observed. Hypersensitivity reactions constituted a treatment-limiting toxicity for this preparation of taxol given on this schedule over the dosage range examined. With the severity and unpredictability of the hypersensitivity reactions, further usage of taxol is not indicated with this drug formulation on this administration schedule. Further studies are warranted to uncover ways to permit the safe administration of taxol.
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PMID:Phase I trial of taxol given as a 3-hour infusion every 21 days. 287 28

Low-dose continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (LDCI-FU) was administered to 28 women with advanced breast carcinoma. Daily doses ranged from 175 to 250 mg/m2. The LDCI-FU was delivered continuously until the appearance of toxicity and was reinstituted at a 20% dose reduction after toxicity completely resolved. Patients with a median age of 56 years and a median performance status of 60% (Karnofsky) had been previously treated with combination chemotherapy. Complete responses were observed in two patients with soft tissue metastases. Thirteen patients experienced partial responses with a median duration of response of 4+ months. Partial responses were predominantly observed in soft tissue disease; however, five patients with visceral metastases experienced partial tumor regression. Median survival for the study group was 4+ months. Hormonal receptor status did not predict response to LDCI-FU. Toxicities included stomatitis, ten patients; hand-foot syndrome, eight patients; mild leukopenia, two patients; moderate thrombocytopenia, two patients; diarrhea, three patients; ataxia, three patients. Catheter-related toxicities of sepsis and/or thrombosis occurred in six patients. Because of the demonstrated activity in previously treated patients (53% response rate), LDCI-FU should be investigated in combination chemotherapy regimens in untreated breast cancer patients.
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PMID:Low-dose continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil. Evaluation in advanced breast carcinoma. 291 20

The compatibility and stability at room temperature for up to 7 days of a three-drug admixture of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (CMF) was established permitting the practical delivery of the combination as an infusion in an ambulatory setting. Fourteen patients received 20 courses of CMF administered on a continuous infusion schedule for 14 days of a 28-day cycle. The dose rates were fixed for 5-FU (300 mg/M2/day) and methotrexate (0.75 mg/M2/day). The cyclophosphamide dose was escalated from 25 to 50, 75, and 100 mg/M2/d. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in two of five patients receiving the maximal dose of cyclophosphamide. No other toxicities were observed including alopecia, stomatitis or liver function abnormalities. This Phase I trial suggests that the cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU are comparable to the maximum doses delivered as single agent infusions. Furthermore, when the infusion CMF is compared to the "standard" bolus schedule for CMF, the infusion schedule delivers 116%, 8%, and 350% of the respective three component drugs (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU).
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil in a three-drug admixture. Phase I trial of 14-day continuous ambulatory infusion. 291 89

Forty-two patients with malignant melanoma were treated with doxifluridine, 4000 mg/m2 daily X 5, repeated every 3 weeks. The daily dose was reduced to 3000 mg/m2 in patients who had experienced severe myelosuppression with prior chemotherapy. A total of 35 patients were evaluable for response, and 25 of these received two or more courses. Two responses were observed. Toxicity mainly took the form of nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, dizziness, ataxia, and fatigue. Mild leukopenia was frequent (43%). Nadir counts less than 1.5 X 10(9)/l leukocytes or 50 X 10(9)/l platelets were seen in 7% and 2% of the courses respectively. Doxifluridine has no useful activity against malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Phase II study of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (doxifluridine) in advanced malignant melanoma. 293 77

A clinical phase I-II evaluation of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (A-TDA) administered daily, twice a week, or weekly was undertaken, in which 71 patients were treated with a range of doses from 2 mg/m2 to 200 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetic studies employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated a terminal (beta) serum half-life of 2.19 h. Stomatitis, dermatitis, nausea, vomiting, and lethargy were observed. No significant leukopenia or thrombocytopenia, however, was noted. A-TDA administration led to hyperuricemia, which was adequately controlled with concurrent administration of allopurinol. Antitumor responses included one partial response in a patient with large cell carcinoma of the lung and three objective responses (2 non-small cell lung and 1 squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus). Two patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung had a marked improvement of psoriasis during A-TDA therapy. Further phase II studies in patients with cancer and trials in patients with psoriasis are recommended.
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PMID:Clinical and clinical pharmacologic studies of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (A-TDA:NSC 4728). 293 41

Trimetrexate is a nonclassical folate antagonist. It was evaluated in 43 patients, previously not exposed to chemotherapy, with incurable and/or demonstrated progression of squamous cell head and neck cancer following surgery and/or radiotherapy. Trimetrexate was initially administered at 8 mg/m2 intravenous (IV) daily for 5 days, repeated every 3 to 4 weeks with dose adjustments depending on patient tolerance. Thirty-eight of the 43 patients entered in this study were evaluable for response. The 28 males and 10 females had a median age of 60 years. Their median performance status on the Zubrod scale was 1. Thirty-seven patients (97%) had received prior radiotherapy. The disease had metastasized in 84% of the patients with dissemination primarily to the subcutaneous soft tissue (40%). Ten patients (26%; with a 95% confidence interval of 12% to 40%) achieved a partial response (PR) with a median duration of 12.2 weeks (median time to PR was 3.2 weeks). The median survival of the 43 patients was 17.3 weeks with 10 patients alive at last follow-up. Hematologic grade 3 to 4 toxicities included leukopenia (19%), thrombocytopenia (9%), and granulocytopenia (5%). Nonhematologic grade 3 to 4 toxicities possibly attributable to trimetrexate treatment included stomatitis (7%).
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PMID:Trimetrexate as a single agent in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. 296 82

A clinical trial of a new semi-synthetic podophyllotoxin, VP-16, was undertaken in patients with primary lung cancer; 56 of the 81 evaluable patients had small cell carcinoma, 9 adenocarcinoma, 8 epidermoid carcinoma, 7 large cell carcinoma, and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma. A dose of 200 mg/body/day orally for 5 consecutive days was administered every 3 to 4 weeks. Partial response (PR) was attained in 19 out of 81 (23%) and PR + MR was 35 out of 81 (43%). PR and minor response (MR) were seen as follows; small cell carcinoma, 17 PR (30%), 13 MR; epidermoid carcinoma, 2 PR (25%), 1 MR; adenocarcinoma, 1 MR; adenosquamous carcinoma, 1 MR. The dose-limiting factor was leukopenia, while thrombocytopenia was experienced in 2 cases. Clinical toxicities noted were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea and alopecia, but these were well tolerated in all cases. The result indicated that VP-16 has considerable efficacy in small cell carcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma of the lung and hence its usefulness in combination chemotherapy was suggested.
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PMID:[A phase II study of oral VP-16 in primary lung cancer]. 299 76

In a phase II study of 67 patients with upper gastrointestinal carcinomas and measurable disease without previous chemotherapy, we have evaluated the combination of intensive course 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (300 mg/m2/d for five days) doxorubicin (40 mg/m2 on day 1), and cisplatin (60 mg/m2 on day 1). Courses were repeated every 5 weeks. Among 26 patients with gastric carcinoma, a 50% regression rate was obtained with a median survival for all patients of 9 months. Among 29 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, the regression rate was 21% and the median survival was 4 months. Regressions were also observed in smaller numbers of patients with carcinomas of the gallbladder and ampulla of Vater, as well as in cholangiocellular carcinoma of the liver. Toxic reactions were usually clinically tolerable and consisted primarily of nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, leukopenia, and alopecia. Phase III studies are in progress to place the value of this experimental regimen into clinical perspective.
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PMID:A phase II study of combined 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. 301 83

The results of detailed clinical, hematological, immunological, and virological investigations of a female patient who within 16 months after hemotransfusion acutely developed a long-term disease with a undulant course accompanied by high fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatolienal syndrome, stomatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, are presented. Significant disorders in cell-mediated and humoral immunity were detected. Cytomegalovirus was isolated from the urine and saliva. The pathogenetic role of cytomegalovirus in the development and course of the disease is evaluated, and its etiological importance is discussed on a broader scale with regard to a possible association with retroviruses.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus infection and immunodeficiency]. 302 Aug

A phase II evaluation of vindesine (VDS) was performed in 16 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (ten patients with adenocarcinoma, six patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and one patient with large cell carcinoma). All except one of the patients had had prior chemotherapy. VDS at a dose of 3 mg/m2 was given intravenously every week for more than three weeks. Among 16 evaluable patients, two patients with pretreated adenocarcinoma of the lung showed partial response. The response rate for VDS was 12.5%. Toxic effects included leukopenia (94%), anemia (44%), thrombopenia (13%), alopecia (38%), peripheral neurotoxicity (38%), liver injury (19%), constipation (13%), anorexia (13%), nausea (13%), stomatitis (6%) and fever (6%).
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PMID:[A phase II study of vindesine for pretreated non-small cell lung cancer]. 303 21


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