Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In view of suggestions that acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) may be of viral etiology, sera of 31 patients suffering from AML were investigated for antiviral activity. Fowl plague virus (FPV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), BT 20 mammary carcinoma cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were used as assay systems. In the FPV-BT20 system, 19 of 20 patients whose blood sample was taken when they were in complete remission showed antiviral activity in their sera. These patients stayed in complete remission for at least three months after the blood sample was taken. In the sera of 11 patients no antiviral activity could be found with the FPV-BT20 assay system. 3 of the 11 were in relapse, 5 had a relapse within 3 months and 3 stayed in remission more than 3 months after the blood sample was taken. In the FPV-CEF and in the VSV-BT20 system antiviral activity was also found. The activity in the FPV-CEF system corresponded well with the FPV-BT20 assay and the disease status, whereas the activity detected by the VSV-BT20 system did not. The nature of the antiviral activities in the sera of AML patients against FPV and VSV is not yet clear. Interferon and specific antiviral antibodies can probably be ruled out. The antiviral activity against FPV appears to be a biological index of the activity of the disease and might eventually be used to determine intensity and length of treatment.
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PMID:[Antiviral activity in the serum of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia: prognostic significance. Preliminary report]. 19 38

The cDNA encoding the murine Mx1 protein, a mediator of resistance to influenza virus, was inserted into a replication-competent avian retroviral vector in either the sense (referred to as Mx+) or the antisense (referred to as Mx-) orientation relative to the viral structural genes. Both vectors produced virus retaining the Mx insert (Mx recombinant viruses referred to as Mx+ and Mx-) following transfection into chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Mx protein of the appropriate size and nuclear localization was expressed only in CEF cells infected with the Mx+ virus. Mx expression was observed in all Mx(+)-infected cells and was stable during long-term culture. Cells infected with the Mx+ virus were resistant to infection by human influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) and avian influenza viruses A/Turkey/Wisconsin/68 (H5N9) and A/Turkey/Massachusetts/65 (H6N2), but were susceptible to infection by the enveloped RNA viruses Sindbis and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Normal CEF and cells infected with the Mx virus were susceptible to influenza A, Sindbis, and VSV. The synthesis of influenza proteins, especially the larger polymerase and hemagglutinin proteins, was reduced in Mx+ retrovirus-infected cells superinfected by influenza A.
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PMID:Avian cells expressing the murine Mx1 protein are resistant to influenza virus infection. 198 89

Cultured hippocampal neurons were infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and a wild-type strain of the avian influenza fowl plague virus (FPV). The intracellular distribution of viral glycoproteins was monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy. In mature, fully polarized neurons the VSV glycoprotein (a basolateral protein in epithelial MDCK cells) moved from the Golgi complex to the dendritic domain, whereas the hemagglutinin protein of FPV (an apically sorted protein in MDCK cells) was targeted preferentially, but not exclusively, to the axon. The VSV glycoprotein appeared in clusters on the dendritic surface, while the hemagglutinin was distributed uniformly along the axonal membrane. Based on the finding that the same viral glycoproteins are sorted in a polarized fashion in both neuronal and epithelial cells, we propose that the molecular mechanisms of surface protein sorting share common features in the two cell types.
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PMID:Polarized sorting of viral glycoproteins to the axon and dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture. 216 70

The polarity of the surface distribution of viral glycoproteins during virus infection has been studied in the Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cell line on nitrocellulose filters. Using a surface radioimmunoassay on Madin-Darby canine kidney strain I cells that had been infected with vesicular stomatitis virus or with avian influenza fowl plague virus, we found that the surface G protein was 97% basolateral, whereas the fowl plague virus hemagglutinin was 88% apical. Newly synthesized, pulse-labeled vesicular stomatitis virus appeared first on the basolateral plasma membrane as measured by an immunoprecipitation assay in which the anti-G protein antibody was applied to the monolayer either from the apical or the basolateral side. Labeled G protein could be accumulated inside the cell at a late stage of transport by decreasing the temperature to 20 degrees C during the chase. Reversal to 37 degrees C led to its rapid and synchronous transport to the basolateral surface at an initial rate 61-fold greater than that of transport to the apical side. These results demonstrate that the newly synthesized G protein is transported directly to the basolateral membrane and does not pass over the apical membrane en route. Since a previous study of the surface appearance of influenza virus hemagglutinins showed that the newly synthesized hemagglutinins were inserted directly from an intracellular site into the apical membrane (Matlin, K., and K. Simons, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:2131-2139), we conclude that the divergence of the transport pathway for the apical and basolateral viral glycoproteins has to occur intracellularly, i.e., before reaching the cell surface.
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PMID:Intracellular sorting and basolateral appearance of the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. 299

Influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) obtain their lipid envelope by budding through the plasma membrane of infected cells. When monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, a polarized epithelial cell line, are infected with fowl plague virus (FPV), an avian influenza virus, or with VSV, new FPV buds through the apical plasma membrane whereas VSV progeny is formed by budding through the basolateral plasma membrane. FPV and VSV were isolated from MDCK host cells prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate and their phospholipid compositions were compared. Infection was carried out at 31 degrees C to delay cytopathic effects of the virus infection, which lead to depolarization of the cell surface. 32P-labeled FPV was isolated from the culture medium, whereas 32P-labeled VSV was released from below the cell monolayer by scraping the cells from the culture dish 8 h after infection. At this time little VSV was found in the culture medium, indicating that the cells were still polarized. The phospholipid composition of the two viruses was distinctly different. FPV was enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine and VSV in phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylinositol. When MDCK cells were trypsinized after infection and replated, non-infected control cells attached to reform a confluent monolayer within 4 h, whereas infected cells remained in suspension. FPV and VSV could be isolated from the cells in suspension and under these conditions the phospholipid composition of the two viruses was very similar. We conclude that the two viruses obtain their lipids from the plasma membrane in the same way and that the different phospholipid compositions of the viruses from polarized cells reflect differences in the phospholipid composition of the two plasma membrane domains.
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PMID:Viruses budding from either the apical or the basolateral plasma membrane domain of MDCK cells have unique phospholipid compositions. 632 9

The envelope glycoproteins of Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Vesicular Stomatitis virus (VSV), and Influenza Fowl Plague virus (FPV) are vectorially targeted in neurons to the plasma membrane of dendrites (SFV and VSV) and axons (FPV). To gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for such polarized delivery we have examined the effects on neurons of nocodazole and brefeldin A (BFA), which are known to cause microtubule depolymerization and disassembly of the Golgi apparatus, respectively. Nocodazole treatment blocked transport of all viral glycoproteins to both axons and dendrites. BFA treatment induced disruption of the Golgi complex, including the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and tubulation of endosomes. However, the delivery of the SFV and FPV glycoproteins to the cell surface was not affected significantly by BFA, although processing and sorting were altered, as revealed by surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence microscopy of fixed nonpermeabilized cells. These results demonstrate the involvement of microtubules in axonal and dendritic transport of integral membrane glycoproteins, and the existence of a BFA-sensitive component in the sorting but not in the transport machinery.
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PMID:Nocodazole-dependent transport, and brefeldin A--sensitive processing and sorting, of newly synthesized membrane proteins in cultured neurons. 779 Sep 10

The efficacy of vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide in a pass-through box for the decontamination of equipment and inanimate materials potentially contaminated with exotic animal viruses was evaluated. Tests were conducted with a variety of viral agents, which included representatives of several virus families (Orthomyxoviridae, Reoviridae, Flaviviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Herpesviridae, Picornaviridae, Caliciviridae, and Rhabdoviridae) from both avian and mammalian species, with particular emphasis on animal viruses exotic to Canada. The effects of the gas on a variety of laboratory equipment were also studied. Virus suspensions in cell culture media, egg fluid, or blood were dried onto glass and stainless steel. Virus viability was assessed after exposure to vaporphase hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. For all viruses tested and under all conditions (except one), the decontamination process reduced the virus titer to 0 embryo-lethal doses for the avian viruses (avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses) or less than 10 tissue culture infective doses for the mammalian viruses (African swine fever, bluetongue, hog cholera, pseudorabies, swine vesicular disease, vesicular exanthema, and vesicular stomatitis viruses). The laboratory equipment exposed to the gas appeared to suffer no adverse effects. Vaporphase hydrogen peroxide decontamination can be recommended as a safe and efficacious way of removing potentially virus-contaminated objects from biocontainment level III laboratories in which exotic animal disease virus agents are handled.
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PMID:Efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide against exotic animal viruses. 932 55

The multiple reports in this issue of the Journal from the Agenda for Action conference, coupled with the analysis by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council, and the Auditor General (UK) on bioterror preparedness and homeland security, highlight the immediate need for rapid disease detection and advanced diagnostic capabilities to protect the public health, animal agriculture, and the numerous associated economies in the United States. In response to the potentially devastating consequences that could arise, there is an acute need for rapid detection of a variety of the lethal foreign animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza, classical swine fever, rinderpest, exotic Newcastle disease virus (END), and domestic, vesicular look-alike diseases that include bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, vesicular stomatitis, bovine herpes IBR, contagious ecthyma, bovine herpes mammilitis virus, vesicular exanthema, malignant catarrhal fever, and papular stomatitis. Some striking advances are occurring in the creation of rapid technology, including microfluidics, robotics, miniaturization, and biostabilization that are quickly being applied to the development of rapid microbial detection assays. These are now providing important weapons to combat this agricultural vulnerability.
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PMID:Molecular weapons against agricultural vulnerability and the war on terror. 1297 Aug 63

A survey was conducted to determine the availability, country of origin, and manufacturer of vaccines for all Office International Des Epizooties (OIE) list A diseases. A large number of classical swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease and Newcastle disease vaccines were found. A limited number of vaccines was also located for African horse sickness, bluetongue, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, highly pathogenic avian influenza, lumpy skin disease, peste des petits ruminants, rift valley fever, rinderpest, sheep and goat pox, and vesicular stomatitis. No African swine fever or swine vesicular disease vaccines were found. Experimental vaccines are not included in this survey.
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PMID:A survey of vaccines produced for OIE list A diseases in OIE member countries. 1467 73

Given the lethality of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIV) and the recurring spread from poultry to humans, an effective vaccine against H5N1 viruses may be needed to prevent a pandemic. We generated experimental vaccine vectors based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) from an H5N1 virus isolated in 1997. The HA gene was expressed either from an attenuated wild-type VSV vector or from a single-cycle vector containing a deletion of the VSV G gene. We found that all of the vectors induced potent neutralizing antibody titers against the homologous and antigenically heterologous H5N1 viruses isolated in 2004 and 2005. Vaccination of mice with any combination of prime or prime/boost vectors provided long-lasting protection (>7 months) against challenge with AIV, even in animals receiving a single dose of single-cycle vaccine. Our data indicate that these recombinants are promising vaccine candidates for pandemic influenza.
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PMID:Vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing avian influenza H5 HA induce cross-neutralizing antibodies and long-term protection. 1752 41


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