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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is scarce information on antibiotics prescription habits among dentists in general. The present investigation was undertaken to study some patterns of antibiotics prescription among Norwegian dentists. A total of 459 dentists (approximately 10% of Norwegian dentists) were randomly selected, and to each was mailed a letter describing the survey, accompanied by a questionnaire about age, type of practice, educational background and pattern of prescription of antibiotics. 78% of the dentists responded to these questions. The results indicate that during a typical week, 32% did not prescribe antibiotics, whereas 5% wrote greater than 5 prescriptions. The mean weekly number of prescriptions per dentist was 2.04. Periodontists and oral surgeons prescribed antibiotics significantly more often than did general practitioners and other disciplines. In addition, those with research and/or teaching experience seemed to prescribe significantly more often than those without. More than 1/3 of the sample indicated that they may prescribe antibiotics when treating periodontal diseases. Compared with other disciplines, periodontists prescribed such drugs significantly more often when treating periodontitis, but significantly less often in acute gingivitis, stomatitis and herpes simplex infections. Moreover, 22% of the dentists might prescribe antibiotics when the patient is in pain, 73 and 38% in cases of abscesses with or without generalized malaise, 2.5% in endodontic therapy, 60% to prevent general complications, and 68% for prophylactic use if the patient revealed a history of endocarditis. Norwegian dentists are somewhat restrictive in their prescription of antibiotics, but they mostly prescribe the correct drugs for the different conditions.
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PMID:Antibiotic prescribing practices among Norwegian dentists. 143 29

Systemic pathological alterations were studied in thirty-seven autopsied patients with Kawasaki disease. Systemic vasculitis was the most characteristic pathological finding and was present in all the patients. In addition to the vasculitis, there was a high incidence of inflammatory lesions in various organs and tissues: in the heart, endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis; in the digestive system, stomatitis, sialoduct-adenitis, catarrhal enteritis, hepatitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and pancreas ductitis; in the respiratory system, bronchitis and segmental interstitial pneumonia; in the urinary system, focal interstitial nephritis, cystitis, and prostatitis; in the nervous system, aseptic leptomeningitis, choriomeningitis, gangliontis, and neuritis; in the hematopoietic system, lymphadenitis, splenitis, and thymitis. Dermatitis, panniculitis or myositis were also observed in some patients. Therefore, Kawasaki disease is a systemic inflammatory disease which mainly affects the cardiovascular system. These systemic inflammatory lesions are considered to correspond to the variegated clinical manifestaitions. The relationship between Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa (IPN) were discussed, based on the clinicopathological characteristics.
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PMID:General pathology of Kawasaki disease. On the morphological alterations corresponding to the clinical manifestations. 744 9

Two women and two men were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmitted by renal transplantation from i.v. drug-addicted donors in 1984. The four recipients were treated with cyclosporine and methylprednisolone (one patient only for three months because of early graft failure). Two patients died 66 and 74 months after transplantation, one of endocarditis and one of cerebral hemorrhage. Despite several infections including urinary tract infection (n = 8), peritonitis (n = 1), shunt infection (n = 1), bronchitis (n = 1), salmonellosis (n = 1), herpes stomatitis (n = 2), herpes zoster (n = 1), and cytomegalovirus (n = 1), and despite treatment of several rejection episodes (n = 8), none of them had or has infections typical of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, two patients developed cervical lymphadenopathy and one autoimmune thrombocytopenia 15-20 months after HIV-1 infection. Their T helper cell counts (355/microliters to 75/microliters) and helper/suppressor T cell ratios (1.0-0.2) are distinctly lowered. One patient has membranous glomerulopathy with virus-like particles within and on the outside of the basement membrane and tubuloreticular inclusions in glomerular endothelial cells. We evaluated the case reports of 53 patients with HIV-infection caused by an infected transplant or by blood transfusions during or shortly after transplantation. The cumulative incidence of AIDS was significantly lower in 40 transplant patients with an immunosuppressive regimen including cyclosporine than in 13 transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment without cyclosporine (5-year cumulative risk of AIDS: 31% versus 90%, P = 0.001).
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PMID:The effect of cyclosporine on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection transmitted by transplantation--data on four cases and review of the literature. 821 77

Kingella kingae, a fastidious hemolytic gram-negative bacillus once considered to be an exceptional cause of disease, has emerged in recent years as an important invasive pathogen in children. When synovial fluid and other exudates were inoculated into blood culture bottles, enhanced recovery of the organism was observed, and an annual incidence of invasive K. kingae infections of 27.4 per 100,000 children younger than age 24 months was demonstrated in southern Israel. Skeletal infections are the most common clinical presentation of K. kingae, and studies conducted in that region have shown that this organism is the most common etiology of septic arthritis in children below the age of 24 months. Other invasive diseases caused by K. kingae include bacteremia, endocarditis, and infections involving the lower respiratory tract, the eyes, or the central nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated that K. kingae is part of the normal oropharyngeal flora of young children. Clinical data suggest that the organism may gain access to the bloodstream in the course of an upper respiratory infection or stomatitis. The organism is susceptible to a wide range of antimicrobial drugs, and with the exception of some cases of endocarditis, K. kingae infections in children usually run a benign clinical course.
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PMID:Kingella kingae: an emerging cause of invasive infections in young children. 914 83

An exceptional case of microbiologically confirmed oral infection with Kingella kingae in an immunocompetent adult (30-year-old woman) is presented and the pathogenesis is discussed and related to known literature data.K. kingae is a rather common but yet relatively unknown commensal corroding bacterium from the oro- and nasopharynx in healthy children, which might turn into a human pathogen causing osteomyelitis, arthritis, spondylitis, endocarditis and intervertebral diskitis in young children and rarely endocarditis, septic arthritis, meningitis, epiglottitis, diskitis and bacteraemia in adults. Sofar K. kingae associated stomatitis was reported in children and a few adults, however, with concomitant herpes simplex virus infections, and without microbiological confirmation. In the described case no viral infection was found. The proven K. kingae stomatitis represents an extension of the pathogenic spectrum and suggests that the breach of the oral mucosal barrier can be caused by the bacterial pathogen itself. Whether a concomitant viral infection is necessary forK. kingae to actually invade the bloodstream remains to be considered.
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PMID:An adult case of oral infection with Kingella kingae. 1469 Jun 66

In recent years, Kingella kingae has emerged as an important cause of invasive infections in young children, especially septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, spondylodiscitis, bacteraemia, and endocarditis, and less frequently lower respiratory tract infections and meningitis. The organism is part of the pharyngeal flora of young children and is transmitted from child-to-child. The clinical presentation of invasive K kingae disease is often subtle and laboratory tests are frequently normal. A substantial fraction of children with invasive K kingae infections have a recent history of stomatitis or symptoms of upper-respiratory-tract infection. The organism is susceptible to a wide array of antibiotics that are usually given empirically to young children including beta lactams, and with the exception of cases of endocarditis, the disease runs a benign clinical course. Although isolation and recognition of the organism is not difficult, clinicians and microbiologists should be aware of its fastidious nature. To optimise the recovery of K kingae, inoculation of synovial fluid specimens into blood culture vials is strongly recommended.
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PMID:Kingella kingae: from medical rarity to an emerging paediatric pathogen. 1517 44