Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Modification of poly(C) by various frequency treatment with adenosine non-complementary to guanosine has produced poly(G) X poly (C.A) complexes with continuous double-stranded areas the length of which is determined by C/A ratio. Studies of the antiviral activity of poly(G).poly(C,A) complexes with C/A from 10:1 to 90:1 and poly(G).poly(C) in vesicular stomatitis virus-infected chick embryo cell cultures and in experimental tick-borne encephalitis of mice demonstrated that the maximum activity is achieved at an average lengths of double-stranded areas of 90 nucleotide pairs. At the same time, a low but statistically significant antiviral activity is observed at a length of double-stranded areas of 10-30 nucleotide pairs.
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PMID:[Dependence of the antiviral activity of the poly(G).poly(C) complex on the size of the continuous poly(C)segments]. 284 72

This paper describes a case of severe encephalitis in a 3-year-old Panamanian boy infected with the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. The virus was recovered from the child's throat on the fifth day of illness and a rise in neutralizing antibody titer was demonstrated in paired serum specimens. This is the second report of childhood encephalitis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus infection. These suggest that infection with vesicular stomatitis viruses may cause severe disease. Human infection with vesicular stomatitis viruses is common throughout the tropical Americas.
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PMID:A human case of encephalitis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) infection. 284 25

Prophylactic immunization of animals against obligat and nonobligat pathogenic zoonoses benefit human health in many ways both directly and indirectly. Typical examples of a direct protective effect are the vaccinations of dogs, cats and foxes against rabies as well as the vaccinations against respiratory diseases in cows, horses, dogs and cats to which the most varied species of pathogens of noncompulsory zoonoses contribute. A considerable contribution to the protection of human health is made by the vaccination against salmonellosis and leptospirosis, against vesicular stomatitis, American equine encephalitis and against other zoonoses spread by arthropods, against ecthyma and stomatitis papulosa as well as against brucellosis, anthrax, Q-fever, Newcastle disease and foot-and-mouth disease. The indirect effects of prophylactic vaccination of animals on human health are very complex and still need investigation. An example of this are the vaccinations of animals against human and animal influenza A viruses which can inhibit hybridisation and recombination between human and animal influenza viruses in an ecological system. Occasionally prophylactic vaccinations of animals can do harm to human health. This is invariably a rare incidence in immuno-suppressed persons caused by live vaccines i.e. prophylactic vaccination against Newcastle disease in fowl or against orthopox in animals by the use of the common vaccinia strains, after compulsory vaccination for humans had been cancelled. Prophylactic vaccinations of animals must be constantly followed up and their action on human health must be checked. In the case of positive results prophylactic vaccinations must be carried out selectively and in a wide range.
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PMID:[Vaccination of animals and human health]. 298 81

On the basis of synthesis of a series of poly(G, A).poly(C) copolymers with changing G:A ratio from 15:1 to 90:1 and trials of their biological activity in comparison with poly(G).poly(C), the size of poly(G) in it was evaluated within the range of a continuous double-stranded area necessary for the activity. The antiviral activity close to that of poly(G).poly(C) in experimental tick-borne encephalitis of mice and vesicular stomatitis virus infection of chick embryo cells was found only in poly(G,A).poly(C) complexes with a G:A ratio equal to or higher than 90:1. Consequently, the high activity of poly(G).poly(C) is present at an average length of poly(G) equal to 90-100 nucleotides within the limits of the continuous double-stranded area.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the size of the continuous poly(G) site necessary for the biological activity of the poly(G).poly(C) complex]. 299 41

A subunit vaccine for vesicular stomatitis was developed from a purified vesicular stomatitis virus preparation by selectively removing the immunogenic G glycoprotein of the virus with the dialyzable, nonionic detergent, beta-D-octylglucoside. Cattle immunized intramuscularly with a single dose of 112 micrograms of G glycoprotein preparation in complete Freund's adjuvant did not develop vesicular disease following challenge by intralingual inoculation of 400 times the infectious dose of the virus. Similarly, mice vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of 10 micrograms of G glycoprotein preparation, with or without complete Freund's adjuvant, were protected from lethal encephalitis caused by vesicular stomatitis virus. A subunit vaccine for vesicular stomatitis of cattle, horses, and swine avoids the hazards associated with attenuated and inactivated vaccines, such as vaccine breaks, reversion to virulence, or introduction of virus into potential wild reservoirs or arthropod hosts. Further, it is possible to distinguish serologically animals vaccinated with the subunit preparation from those that have had the clinical disease or that have been vaccinated with whole virus. This is an essential consideration both for epidemiological studies and for disease control or establishment of quarantine programs.
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PMID:Immune responses of cattle and mice to the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. 300 Jan 47

Indigenous South American rodents are abundant, varied, and adaptable, and occupy most of the available natural habitats. Knowledge of their taxonomy and biology is generally superficial. Near human habitations the introduced Rattus and Mus are common and their contacts with man are often close. Cities in South America are expanding to keep pace with increases in the human population and hitherto virgin land is being settled or cleared for food production. Thus domestic rodents are brought into contact with indigenous species and the inevitable exchange of parasites may then produce unpredictable threats to human health. The role of both wild and domestic rodents in the transmission of certain infectious diseases, such as plague, sylvatic Venezuelan encephalitis, South American haemorrhagic fevers, murine typhus, and cutaneous leishmaniasis, is well established. The involvement of rodents in some other diseases, such as leptospirosis, American trypanosomiasis, South American hydatid disease, and vesicular stomatitis, is less well understood. In certain other infections, including bartonellosis and the South American spotted fevers, a wild rodent reservoir is inferred but not yet identified.
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PMID:Public health importance of rodents in South America. 453 12

The effect of virazole on the antiviral activity of poly (G) X poly (C), poly (G, A) X X poly (C) and poly(G, I) X poly (C) was studied in cell cultures and on mice. It was shown that virazole in concentrations not sufficient for significant inhibition of the development of vesicular stomatitis virus or Sindbis virus in chick embryo cell cultures markedly increased the antiviral effect and allowed decreasing the minimum effective doses of the synthetic polyribonucleotide complexes with respect to the above viruses. Combined administration of poly (G) X poly (C) and virazole to mice 1-2 or 24 hours after infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus provided a much more pronounced decrease in the death rate of the animals than the use of the interferonogen alone. Virazole per se was little active and had no significant effect on the intensity of interferonogenesis promoted by the use of poly (G) X poly (C). A possibility of successful therapy of viral infections with polyribonucleotide interferonogens in combination with virazole or other chemotherapeutic drugs with broad antiviral spectrum is discussed.
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PMID:[Effect of virazole on the antiviral activity of poly(G) X poly(C) and other polyribonucleotide interferonogens]. 608 50

An important aspect of the epidemiology of arboviruses is the manner in which the viruses are maintained during winter, dry season, or other adverse environmental periods when their arthropod hosts are inactive. One possibility is that the viruses survive in arthropods. In the case of mosquito-borne viruses, it is probable that such viruses could be maintained in this manner only if they were transmitted from one insect generation to the next by transovarial transmission. Such transmission was reported in 1905 by Marchoux and Simond for yellow fever virus in Aedes aegypti. Other workers were unable to confirm this observation and, until very recently, it was believed to be in error. Interest in transovarial transmission of viruses by mosquitoes was reawakened with the recovery of La Crosse virus from field-collected larvae of Aedes triseriatus in 1972. Among bunyaviruses, transovarial transmission has been observed mainly among the California serogroup viruses in Aedes mosquitoes. Among flaviviruses, transovarial transmission has been demonstrated experimentally for the viruses of principal interest to man, namely, yellow fever, dengue, japanese encephalitis, and St-Louis encephalitis. Thus far, the only field evidence of transovarial transmission of flaviviruses is the isolation of yellow fever virus from Aedes furcifei/taylori males captured in nature in 1977. At present there is not conclusive evidence that transovarial transmission of alphaviruses occurs in mosquitoes. Among rhabdoviruses, transovarial transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus has been demonstrated experimentally at a relatively high rate in phlebotominae flies. Many factors are known to affect the experimental transovarial transmission of viruses. The significance of such transmission in nature can only be assessed by field studies.
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PMID:[Transovarial transmission of arboviruses by mosquitoes (author's transl)]. 611 46

Intracerebral infection of weanling Swiss mice with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), ts pi364, resulted in a unique neuropathological syndrome not previously described with other VSV mutants. Mice infected with wild-type VSV died from an acute encephalitis characterized by neuronal necrosis and efficient virus replication in both brain and spinal cord. In contrast, with VSV ts pi364, the most prominent histopathological feature was destruction of the ependyma of the lateral ventricles. Virus antigen was also limited to the leptomeninges and the lateral ventricles. Infected mice survived and developed hydrocephalus. Replication of ts pi364 in the brain was 10- to 100- fold less than that of wild-type VSV, and appearance of virus in the spinal cord was delayed. VSV ts pi364 was isolated from mouse cells persistently infected with VSV. Another VSV ts pi mutant, isolated from the same persistent infection, behaved in vivo like wild-type VSV, even though both mutants were very similar in plaque size, reversion frequency, cut-off temperature, and synthesis of virus-specific proteins at semipermissive temperature. These results strongly suggest that VSV ts pi364 has a second, non-ts mutation which results in a restricted target cell range in vivo; wild-type VSV can infect both neurons and ependymal cells, whereas ts pi364 does not replicate in neurons.
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PMID:Neurovirulence mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus with an altered target cell tropism in vivo. 616 14

Previous studies of vesicular stomatitis virus infection of the central nervous system in mice have demonstrated that both temperature-sensitive mutants and defective interfering particles produce alterations from wild type disease. To examine further the role of the biologic properties of the virus, we studied the disease produced by R1-vesicular stomatitis virus, a temperature-insensitive revertant derived from the temperature-sensitive T1026 mutant. Whereas wild type produced acute encephalitis and death in 2 to 3 days in BALB/c mice, R1 produced, in contrast, a paralytic disease 5 to 6 days postinoculation and death on days 6 to 7. R1 infection is productive, although with altered kinetics of growth. No alterations of the biologic properties of the virus following intracerebral passage could be detected. The morphologic features showed a striking localization of viral replication and damage to the anterior horns of the spinal cord with sparing of the ependymal cells, unlike the situation in wild type infection. At the time of clinical onset of R1 disease, the morphologic appearances were degenerative in nature. These features correlate with the clinical localization and development of disease. In addition, morphologic evidence for trans-synaptic spread of R1 and wild type has been found. Although the delayed and altered central nervous system disease resembles aspects of delayed disease produced in other situations, it seems clear that the mechanisms operative here are unlike those previously described and may be related to a unique genomic defect in R1 or its interaction with host cell factors.
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PMID:Infection of the central nervous system produced by R1 vesicular stomatitis virus. 626 67


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