Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A vesiculobullous disease termed paraneoplastic pemphigus with distinct autoantibodies was newly described in 1990. All reported cases have occurred in patients with a history of neoplasia, including lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, poorly differentiated sarcoma, and benign thymoma. As in pemphigus vulgaris, intraepithelial clefts with acantholysis are noted histopathologically, and intercellular binding of immunoreactants is seen with direct immunofluorescence studies of mucous membrane and skin biopsies. However, immunoreactants may also be found along the basement membrane zone in paraneoplastic pemphigus. Indirect immunofluorescence using rat bladder epithelium as substrate shows an intercellular pattern that appears to be highly specific for paraneoplastic pemphigus. We report a patient with non-Hodgkins lymphoma of 8 years duration who developed severe erosive stomatitis and lichenoid dermatitis after receiving chemotherapy for a relapse of lymphoma. Her case illustrates the typical features of the disorder described as paraneoplastic pemphigus. Neoplasia-associated pemphigus may be a more precise term for this disorder because the course of the blistering eruption does not always parallel the course of the underlying cancer. The clinical features, histopathologic findings, and immunofluorescence findings of this unique syndrome are reviewed.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic pemphigus. A distinct autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder associated with neoplasia. 842 20

Skin-sensitizing rosin is present in Duraphat, a fluoride varnish used all over the world. Two cases of hypersensitivity to Duraphat are presented: a dental nurse with dermatitis of the hand and a patient with allergic contact stomatitis.
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PMID:Contact allergy to Duraphat. 844 96

We report the case of a 41-year-old nonatopic women with a previous history of eczematous reaction due to hydrocortisone who suffered worsening of her perennial rhinitis in association with perinasal dermatitis from the use of budesonide in nasal spray form, and stomatitis and pharyngitis due to budesonide in a bronchial inhaler. Patch tests with a series of 25 corticosteroids, some of them at different concentrations and in different vehicles, were positive to tixocortol pivalate, hydrocortisone, budesonide, prednisolone, hydrocortisone butyrate propionate, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide. For some of them, a 1% solution in ethanol gave a positive reaction when a 20% mixture in petrolatum did not. Like other authors, we suggest that some multiple positives may represent sensitization to several steroids independently, true cross-reactions, or both, and that ethanol is a better vehicle than petrolatum.
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PMID:Cutaneous-mucosal allergic contact reaction due to topical corticosteroids. 860 67

Advances in vascular radiology techniques for superselective transfemoral arterial infusion prompted us to evaluate the effects of high-dose rapid regional carboplatin infusion for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Twenty untreated patients received three infusions of carboplatin (300-350 mg/m2) every 2 weeks with this method. All the infusions were performed without any complication. Treatment was well tolerated, with moderate (Grade 1-3 WHO) local toxicity (stomatitis, dermatitis and alopecia) and minimal (Grade 1-2 WHO) myelosuppression. The total response index (complete response plus partial response) was 94% for primary tumors and 50% for neck metastases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy employing superselective rapid infusion of high-dose carboplatin is a feasible, relatively nontoxic, effective technique and may have important applications in multimodality therapy of untreated patients with advanced head and neck cancer.
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PMID:[High-dose carboplatin superselective intraarterial chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer]. 898 37

High-dose cytarabine alone or in combination with mitoxantrone has been shown to be active against refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in therapeutic trials. We administered these two drugs to 16 patients with advanced and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cytarabine was administered at 3 g/m2 as a 2-h intravenous infusion every 12 h on days 1-4 (8 doses) and mitoxantrone at 6 mg/m2/day as a 1-h intravenous infusion on days 1-5. The clinical efficacy and toxicity were assessed according to the WHO criteria. Five patients (31%, 95% CI: 8-54%) attained complete remission and two had partial remission. In three of the five complete remission patients, the remission lasted for > 4 months. The remaining two patients had complete remission for only 1.3 months. Myelosuppression with subsequent infection was the major toxicity of this regimen. Severe leukopenia (WBC < 1000/microliter) lasted for an average of 20 days and thrombocytopenia (< 25000/microliter) 18 days. Five patients (31%) died of treatment-related complications: neutropenia-associated sepsis in three, pneumonia in one and electrolyte imbalance in one. Nonmyeloid toxicities included alopecia in 100% (19% Gr.2, 75% Gr.3), stomatitis in 88% (13% Gr.2, 31% Gr.3), hepatotoxicity in 38% (6% Gr.2, 6% Gr.3), dermatitis in 31% (19% Gr.2), CNS toxicity in 25% (6% Gr.2, 6% Gr.3), infection in 38% (13% Gr.3, 19% Gr.4) and chemical conjunctivitis in 6% (Gr.2). We conclude that a proportion of refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases will respond to high-dose cytarabine+mitoxantrone, but that the treatment seems too toxic to be acceptable as salvage therapy for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:High-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone as salvage therapy for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 925 69

Between January 1993 and December 1996, 21 children with advanced solid tumors were entered in a dose-escalating study of high-dose sequential chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. The diagnoses included neuroblastoma (NB) for 13 patients; Ewing's sarcoma (ES) for six patients and osteosarcoma for two patients. Nine patients received therapy as consolidation for primary metastatic disease, and 12 patients had had previous relapses. Treatment consisted of CY given i.v. at a dose of 7 g/m2 on day 1, followed by G-CSF until myeloid recovery. After 3 weeks of rest, all patients were given thiotepa i.v. on days 22-24. The total dose of thiotepa was 450 mg/m2 in three patients, 600 mg/m2 in six patients, and 750 mg/m2 in 12 patients. Melphalan was given i.v. at a dose of 180 mg/m2 i.v. on day 27 followed by stem cell infusion on day 28. Major toxic reactions included stomatitis, esophagitis, diarrhea and dermatitis. Three patients died of treatment-related complications. Twelve patients have had a relapse. Six patients (five with NB and one with ES) are alive in continuous remission 5-50 months (median 36) after transplantation. The results of this study show that it is feasible to administer high-dose sequential chemotherapy to children with advanced solid tumors.
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PMID:High-dose sequential chemotherapy and autologous stem cell reinfusion in advanced pediatric solid tumors. 946 76

We analyzed the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel in patients with ovarian cancer who failed previous chemotherapy with platinum. Fifty-five patients with measurable ovarian cancer were entered in this Phase II study at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Treatment consisted of 100 mg/m2 docetaxel given i.v. every 3 weeks. Because of hypersensitivity reactions, premedication with steroids and antihistamine was initiated during the study. Twenty-two (40%) patients responded (there were 3 complete responders and 19 partial responders). Twenty-one (38%) patients had stable disease. The median survival was 10 months. The main toxicity was neutropenia (98% of patients), with 13 episodes of neutropenic fever. Cumulative fluid retention was the main reason for dose modification and required a combination of diuretics and steroids for palliation. Other side effects were alopecia (100%); anemia (87%); dermatitis (67%); gastrointestinal disorders (53%); stomatitis (49%); neurotoxicity (45%); excessive lacrimation (33%); and hypersensitivity reactions (11%), which in one case were life threatening (loss of consciousness, fluid resuscitation). Docetaxel as a single agent proved to be active in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patients but is associated with significant side effects. Objective toxicity consisted mainly of neutropenia and fluid retention. Neutropenia was dose limiting and required therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Fluid retention was improved but not eliminated by diuretics and corticosteroids. Additional studies of docetaxel in ovarian carcinoma are indicated to define the activity in relation to paclitaxel and in platinum combination therapy.
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PMID:Phase II study of docetaxel in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma refractory to platinum. 981 38

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of pyrimidine nucleosides that is widely used in the treatment of head and neck, breast, ovarian, and colon cancer. Stomatitis, diarrhea, dermatitis, and myelosuppression are the main toxicities of 5-FU. A less frequent side effect that is becoming more recognized is neurologic toxicity. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of 5-FU. DPD deficiency follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, and its prevalence is estimated to be 3%. Cancer patients who are receiving 5-FU treatment and are DPD deficient can develop severe side effects. The neurologic toxicity can vary from being mild to severe and prolonged. We describe the side effects of 5-FU in a colon cancer patient who suffered severe mucositis, desquamating dermatitis, prolonged myelosuppression, and neurologic toxicity that required admission to the intensive care unit. The patient remained hospitalized for 3 months. Recovery from the side effects was complete 4 months after the last 5-FU treatment. Subsequent testing revealed that this patient has an extremely low level of DPD activity (0.015 nmol/min/mg protein; mean, 0.189 nmol/min/mg protein). Because neurologic toxicity is becoming more recognized and DPD affects the catabolism of 5-FU, we discuss management issues and the use of new DPD inhibitors. We also discuss whether screening for DPD deficiency is warranted to identify patients at risk for severe toxicities from 5-FU treatment.
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PMID:Prolonged severe 5-fluorouracil-associated neurotoxicity in a patient with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. 1009 59

Feline herpesvirus-associated dermatitis has rarely been reported. Recently we documented a unique ulcerative and often persistent facial dermatitis or stomatitis syndrome associated with feline herpesvirus 1. We believe this syndrome is relatively common, with the 10 cases in our series diagnosed between 1996 and 1997. The syndrome is associated with epithelial cell necrosis, eosinophilic inflammation, and intraepithelial herpesvirus inclusion bodies. The prevalence of eosinophilic inflammation and low number of inclusion bodies may lead to the misdiagnosis of allergic dermatitis or a lesion within the eosinophilic granuloma complex group of disorders. Feline herpesvirus 1 can be identified in lesional tissue by PCR methodology. Most of our cases developed under circumstances suggesting reactivation of latent herpesvirus infection, and previous glucocorticoid therapy or stress from overcrowding may have played a role in lesion development. Cats with ulcerative dermatitis, especially of the face and nose, and cats with stomatitis should be evaluated for the presence of feline herpesvirus. Treatment options include surgical excision, topical or systemic antibiotic therapy to treat secondary bacterial infection, and oral alpha interferon.
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PMID:Feline herpesvirus 1-associated facial and nasal dermatitis and stomatitis in domestic cats. 1056 99

Skin lesions are common manifestations of zinc deficiency in humans and animals, but the pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In the present study, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), was given to zinc-deficient (ZD) rats to see whether it prevents or delays the occurrence of skin lesions. Weanling male rats were given free access to a ZD diet (2 mg zinc/kg) for 4 wk to induce zinc deficiency. Control rats, including pair-fed (PF) and ad libitum (AL) groups, were given a diet supplemented with zinc (50.8 mg zinc/kg. L-NAME (0.3 g/L in drinking water) was given to some ZD rats for 3 wk, starting at the second week of their ZD dieting. Dermatitis of the extremities, balanitis, stomatitis, and alopecia appeared in ZD but not in AL and PF rats. Administration of L-NAME significantly reduced the frequency of cutaneous and mucocutaneous inflammatory lesions but did not prevent alopecia in the ZD rats. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA was expressed in the paw skin of ZD but not of AL and PF rats. Evaluation of skin microvascular permeability by the Evans blue leakage technique indicated that L-NAME administration significantly attenuated extravasation of Evans blue in the paw skin of ZD rats. Furthermore, stains positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling were condensed and diffusely distributed over the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue of paws in ZD rats. ZD rats had intense cell infiltration and parakeratosis in the paw skin. L-NAME administration effectively prevented these morphologic changes. These results demonstrate that nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ameliorates inflammatory lesions of the skin in ZD rats.
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PMID:Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor attenuates inflammatory lesions in the skin of zinc-deficient rats. 1067 33


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