Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interfering activity of influenza virus variants A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N202), A/Victoria/35/72(H3N2-3), B/14/55 and B/USSR/69 differing in the level of their reactogenicity for adults and children was studied. An inverse relationship was established between reactogenicity of the strains and their interfering activity in the resistant chick embryo cell (CEC) cultures. Virulent strains did not interfere with vesicular stomatitis virus. Vaccine strains used for commercial live influenza vaccine safe for adults but reactogenic in children were intermediate and showed moderate interfering activity. The highest capacity for interference was demonstrated in cold-adapted thermosensitive variants non-pathogenic for both adults and children. The interfering activity of the attenuated strains increased progressively with increasing inocula.
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PMID:Interfering activity of virulent and attenuated influenza virus strains. 0 98

A simple and efficient microassay method for the titration of interferon was developed by the use of microtest plates for handling a large number of samples. L929 cells pretreated with interferon were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and cultured in the presence of 3H-uridine. The activity was expressed by the reduction of extracellular radioactive RNA released after destruction of the infected cells, which was measured in terms of the radioactivity incorporated into cold TCA-insoluble materials in the culture fluid. The interferon titer determined by this method was in the same order as that by the plaque reduction method. The activity by this method was parallel to, but lower than that expressed by the yield reduction of infectious viruses. This method requires only 0.025 ml of each test sample with higher than 1 NIH ref. unit/ml to detect its interferon activity and takes 2 to 3 days for assaying hundreds of samples.
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PMID:A simple and efficient microassay method for titration of interferon. 20 22

Cell lines known to be tumorigenic in the nude mouse were modified by rendering them persistently infected (P.I.) with a variety of RNA viruses, including measles, mumps, vesicular stomatitis virus, and influenza. Although as few as 100 HeLa or BHK cells produced tumors in 100% of nude mice, as many as 2 x 10(7) of the same cells P.I. with viruses failed to produce tumors. An active host response responsible for restricting the growth of the P.I. cells was suggested by the findings of marked mononuclear cell infiltrates at the inoculation sites and the inability of irradiated nude mice to reject them. An analysis of the in vitro cytotoxic activity of spleen cells from normal nude mice indicated that: (a) P.I. cell lines, but not uninfected cell lines, were susceptible to spontaneous cytotoxicity; (b) in vivo inoculation of P.I. lines induced an enhanced cytotoxic activity for P.I. targets in vitro, and this induction was not specific either for inducing virus or cell line; and (c) the effector cell had the characteristics for natural killer (NK) cells. Although the specificity of recognition of the various P.I. cell lines remains unclear, cold competition experiments indicated that blocking the killing of one P.I. cell line, e.g. HeLa-measles, could be achieved only by unlabeled homologous cells, i.e. HeLa-measles, and not by uninfected cells or other P.I. lines. A variant subline of BHK cells P.I. with VSV was selected for its ability to withstand the rejection process in nude mice. These cells formed metastatic and invasive tumors in nude mice. Although they were the most potent inducers in vivo of NK cell activity against various P.I. targets, they were the most resistant of the P.I. lines to NK cell cytotoxicity in vitro. In this system there was a good correlation between tumor rejection in vivo and susceptibility to NK cells in vitro. The present results suggest that NK cells may play a significant role in both rejection of tumor cells, and in resistance to viruses, particularly persistent infections.
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PMID:Mechanism of rejection of virus persistently infected tumor cells by athymic nude mice. 22 11

Most individuals are infected with Herpes Simplex in childhood usually suffering a mild febrile illness of no consequence. Later some individuals suffer recurrent infections which appear as cold sores on the lip while others intermittently shed virus in the oro-pharygeal secretions. Adults uninfected in childhood may be exposed to viruses for example by kissing and develop an acute primary herpes with fever and gingivo-stomatitis occasionally requiring hospital admission. Awareness of this condition is required for diagnosis after which the majority of patients seen in otolaryngological practice need only supportive therapy, explanation and reassurance. Recurrent cold sores are no more that a nuisance in most patients, but occasionally they are severe and in others the cold sore may precipitate oral erythema multiforme. Unfortunately the treatments available for recurrent cold sores are rather unsatisfactory.
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PMID:Oral manifestations of herpes simplex virus infections. 86 5

Ld/Q7d, a hybrid molecule consisting of alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains from H-2Ld and alpha-3 and carboxy-end components from Q7d, was expressed on the surface of CRL-3A rat liver cells. This molecule retained serologic H-2Ld epitopes. The Ag is attached to the cell membrane through a phosphatidyl-inositol linkage, characteristic of Qa-2 molecules. Both bulk cultured and cloned H-2Ld alloreactive CTL as well as H-2Ld restricted vesicular stomatitis virus-specific CTL lyse CRL-3A cells which express H-2Ld but show little or no lytic activity on cells which express the Ld/Q7d hybrid. These cells also fail to act as cold target competitors for alloreactive anti-H-2Ld CTL. However, cells expressing Ld/Q7d are not resistant to CTL mediated lysis because they can be killed in the presence of lectin. These data indicate that recognition of polymorphic class I CTL epitopes in the alpha-1 and alpha-2 domains are influenced by the structure of the carboxy-end of the molecule.
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PMID:An H-2Ld hybrid molecule with a Qa-2 alpha-3 domain and phosphatidyl-inositol anchor is not recognized by H-2Ld-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 246 90

The specificity of anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-specific cytotoxic T cells was explored with cell lines expressing VSV genes introduced by electroporation. Low levels of nucleocapsid (N) protein were detected on the surface of VSV-infected cells, but N protein could not be detected on the plasma membrane of transfected EL4 cells. Intracellular N protein was detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoprecipitation in some of the transfected cell lines but not in others, unless the transfected genes were induced by sodium butyrate. However, all of the stably transfected EL4 cell lines expressing the VSV-Indiana N protein were efficiently lysed by serotype-specific and cross-reactive anti-VSV cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Primary cross-reactive anti-VSV CTLs appeared to be specific solely for N protein, based on cold-target competition assays using infected and transfected target cells. Cell lines expressing 100- to 1,000-fold less N protein than did VSV-infected cells were efficiently lysed by both primary and secondary anti-VSV CTLs. Cell lines expressing 100-fold less G protein than did VSV-infected cells were not lysed by either population of effectors. Significantly, cold-target competition studies with secondary CTLs demonstrated that N protein-expressing cell lines were more efficient competitors than were VSV-infected cells even though the latter expressed 100- to 1,000-fold more N protein. This was not an artifact of viral infection since infection of the transfected cell lines did not affect their ability to compete. The possibility that cell lines constitutively expressing internal virus proteins present antigen more effectively than infected cells do is discussed.
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PMID:N protein is the predominant antigen recognized by vesicular stomatitis virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. 302 3

Cross-reactive recognition of alloantigen by "self + X"-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been documented in a variety of systems. It has been shown previously that the H-2Kb-restricted CTL response of C57BL/6 (B6) mice to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection is partially cross-reactive on uninfected target cells expressing the H-2Kbm8 mutation. In this report, we describe the isolation and detailed characterization of such dual-reactive CTL. By employing EL4 tumor lines transfected with genes encoding various VSV proteins, we demonstrated that the majority of dual-reactive CTL recognize the internal N protein of VSV and are also reactive against uninfected bm8 targets. Although the response of normal B6 mice to bm8 stimulators shows no measurable cross-reactivity on VSV-infected targets, the response of VSV-primed B6 mice to bm8 stimulation is almost entirely cross-reactive, lysing VSV-B6 targets and uninfected bm8 targets roughly equally. Furthermore, about 70% of CTL clones isolated from such mice by bm8 stimulation are dual-reactive with respect to effector function. Analysis at the population and clonal levels with cold target competition and antibody blocking suggests that the bulk of dual-reactive CTL have a higher avidity for VSV-B6 targets than for bm8 targets. The extreme case of this is illustrated by a fraction of CTL clones, isolated and maintained on bm8 stimulators, which lyse VSV-B6 targets but do not lyse bm8 targets. One such CTL clone is shown to be specific for the bm8 antigen in proliferation assays. These results demonstrate that: the specificity of an alloreactive CTL response may be dramatically altered by previous antigenic encounters; and dual-reactive CTL display a significant difference in affinity of the CTL receptor-determinant interaction, depending on the target which is recognized.
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PMID:Characterization of dual-reactive H-2Kb-restricted anti-vesicular stomatitus virus and alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. 303 10

H-2d-encoded gene products were analyzed as restriction antigens for anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Cold target competition experiments revealed that VSV recognition was H-2D region-restricted; H-2K-end-restricted recognition of VSV could not be demonstrated. That VSV is not recognized in the context of K-region-encoded gene products is also supported by the observation that H-2dm1 and H-2dm2 mice, strains that contain H-2Kd but have an alteration in H-2L and/or H-2D/L, are nonresponders in the CTL assay. Two different lines of evidence eliminated H-2Dd, H-2Md, and H-2Rd as the restriction antigens: (a) H-2dm2-VSV inhibitors that express H-2Dd and H-2Md did not block the lysis of P815-VSV targets by Balb/c anti-VSV killer cells, and (b) a hybridoma specific for H-2Dd failed to inhibit killer cell activity in this same effector/target combination. However, two monoclonal antibodies specific for H-2Ld but not H-2Rd completely blocked anti-VSV cytotoxic activity. Taken together, in the H-2d haplotype, anti-VSV CTL recognize VSV solely in the context of the H-2Ld molecule. This is the first demonstration of the exclusive use by a mouse stain of the H-2L molecule only for H-2-restricted recognition, and thus supports the notion that H-2L plays a major role in restricting antigen specific recognition. Finally, the fact that an anti-H-2Ld monoclone completely blocked an H-2dm2 anti-BALB/c CTL response indicates that H-2R, a molecule absent in H-2dm2 anti-BALB/c CTL response indicates that H-2R, a molecule absent in H-2dm2 but not BALB/c, does not sensitize H-2 alloreactive CTL.
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PMID:H-2L-restricted recognition of viral antigens In the H-2d haplotype, anti-vesicular stomatitis virus cytotoxic T cells are restricted solely by H-2L. 628 37

Exposure of a planar lipid bilayer to Sendai virus at pH 7.0 resulted in conductance increases that continued over several minutes, provided that the virus particles had first been conditioned by freezing and thawing, sonicating, or storing for 2 weeks in the cold. Individual electrical events could not be resolved, even on a millisecond time scale, and thus do not reflect the insertion of structural channels into the lipid bilayer. Prior treatment of the Sendai virions with protease prevented the conductance increases, but exposure of the bilayer to protease after induction of the conductance change did not abolish it. The Sendai-induced conductance change was increased in rate, but qualitatively unchanged in nature, if gangliosides were included in the planar bilayer. Activity for Sendai virus was low at pH 5.0, and increased with increasing pH up to 9.0. Influenza, Semliki Forest virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus all induced similar conductance changes around pH 5.2, but were inactive when tested at pH 7.0. The presence of cholesterol in the bilayer caused marked enhancement (two- to sixfold) of the response to Sendai, influenza and Semliki Forest virus, but caused only slight enhancement of the response to vesicular stomatitis virus. It is concluded that the observed increases in ionic permeability arise from alterations in lipid motions on a submillisecond time scale resulting from the incorporation of damaged viral membranes into the planar bilayer by fusion.
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PMID:Interaction of enveloped viruses with planar bilayer membranes: observations on Sendai, influenza, vesicular stomatitis, and Semliki Forest viruses. 630 91

This study was carried out to examine the antiinflammatory effect of aqueous extracts of Kakkon-to (K), Kakkon-oren-ogon-to (KO), Kikyo-to (KK), Haino-to (H), Haino-san (HS), Mao-to (M) and Senkinkeimei-san (SK), which have been used for the treatment of stomatitis, tonsillitis, cold and chronic inflammatory diseases, and to elucidate the mode of their effects. Oral administration of K, KO, KK, H, HS, M and SK inhibited dose-dependently the increase of dye leakage induced by acetic acid in mice. Further antiinflammatory study was carried out on KK, H and HS which showed potent inhibition. All three extracts significantly inhibited the carrageenin-induced edema and the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. From these results, it is suggested that KK, H and HS may inhibit both the early exudative stage and the late proliferative stage in inflammatory processes. These extracts are comprised of Platycodon root as do other crude drugs, and the root may be partly responsible for the antiinflammatory effects induced.
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PMID:Studies on antiinflammatory effect of Japanese Oriental medicines (kampo medicines) used to treat inflammatory diseases. 765 27


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