Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Heart transplant patients take several medications that could affect their periodontal health. Gingival overgrowth associated with cyclosporin (immunosuppressant agent) and nifedipine (calcium channel blocker) is well documented. Candidal infections often develop because of immune suppression. This report describes the clinical and histopathological changes in the gingival tissues of a heart transplant patient and their management. The gingival tissues exhibited pronounced enlargement. The gingivae were lobulated, and the surface of the lobulations was pebbly and granular. Biopsies showed lobules of fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium. The outer surfaces were dotted with numerous smaller papillations. Candidal hyphae were present in the superficial layers of the epithelium. The extensive papillary lesions appear to be related to candidiasis and constitute a condition which is best designated as papillary stomatitis. Hyperplastic gingival tissues were excised, and the patient was placed on periodic maintenance. One-year postoperative follow-up showed minor gingival growth.
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PMID:Periodontal management of gingival overgrowth in the heart transplant patient: a case report. 984 44

Chronic inflammation rather than invasion is characteristic of some forms of superficial candidiasis such as denture stomatitis. We hypothesized that Candida albicans may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions observed in chronic candidiasis by activating the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) from epithelial stores of the precursor. The aim of this study was therefore to demonstrate the proteolytic cleavage and activation of the inactive precursor of IL-1beta (pro-IL-1beta) by C. albicans. After incubation of either blastospores or hyphae with the inactive precursor, proteolytic cleavage was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Western immunoblotting analysis, and the biological activity of the cleavage products was tested in a bioassay. We report here that late-stationary-growth-phase blastospores as well as hyphae of C. albicans, but not exponentially growing cells, can efficiently cleave pro-IL-1beta to yield fragments of molecular masses compatible with mature biologically active IL-1beta (17 to 19 kDa). Assays conducted in the presence of selected proteinase inhibitors suggest that the cleavage of pro-IL-1beta involves the participation of one or more aspartyl proteinases. Cleavage products showed a dose-dependent IL-1beta-like activity in a thymocyte proliferation bioassay, which was inhibited by anti-IL-1beta neutralizing antibodies. The present data thus suggest a role for C. albicans proteinases in the activation and maintenance of the inflammatory response at epithelial surfaces.
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PMID:Proteolytic activation of the interleukin-1beta precursor by Candida albicans. 945 26

This article examines the evidence for the aetiology, diagnosis and management of denture stomatitis. Extensive reviews of the literature using the Index to Dental Literature, references in relevant publications and computerised databases were employed. Microbiological confirmation of implicated Candida infection should be sought before prescribing antifungal drugs.
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PMID:The aetiology, diagnosis and management of denture stomatitis. 982 96

Denture stomatitis is the most common form of oral Candida infection in humans. In the current study, the distribution of Candida albicans serotype A and B as well as the activity of the secreted acid proteinase were determined in clinical isolates from patients with denture stomatitis. It was found that 70% of individuals with clinical signs of denture stomatitis exhibited fungal growth, with C. albicans representing the most frequently isolated species (75%). Of the C. albicans isolates, 75% were serotype A and 25% were serotype B, representing a significant increase of serotype B compared to a control group of non-denture-wearing HIV-seronegative individuals with oral candidiasis, but no significant difference compared with isolates from HIV-seropositive patients, who also exhibited a high percentage of serotype B. The mean secretory acid proteinase activity of C. albicans isolates from denture stomatitis patients (2796 +/- 819 U/l) was statistically not different from the mean secretory acid proteinase activity in non-denture-wearing HIV-seronegative individuals (2324 +/- 1487 U/l). Both values were significantly lower than the mean secretory acid proteinase activity of C. albicans from HIV-seropositive individuals (4256 +/- 2372 U/l). No correlation exists between the C. albicans serotype and the amount of secreted acid proteinase, indicating that serotype and secretory acid proteinase expression are two independent pathogenetic factors in oral candidiasis. These results indicate that there seems to be strain selection for C. albicans serotype B in denture stomatitis. These results further indicate that increased secretion of the acid proteinase seems to be of pathogenetic significance in the candidiasis of HIV-seropositive patients but not in denture stomatitis. Nevertheless, the secretory acid proteinase is likely to be an important pathogenetic factor also in denture stomatitis, where an increased secretion of the acid proteinase may not be required because of decreased salivary flow and a low pH under the denture, which will result in a high enzymatic activity.
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PMID:Serotype distribution and secretory acid proteinase activity of Candida albicans isolated from the oral mucosa of patients with denture stomatitis. 1049 13

We examined 91 children under the age of 13 years with definite HIV infection born to HIV-seropositive women. The clinical spectrum of HIV infection in children younger than 13 years who are born to HIV-infected mothers was revised in 1994 into four clinical categories: category N (not symptomatic), category A (mildly symptomatic), category B (moderately symptomatic), and category C (severely symptomatic). Mucocutaneous manifestations were found in 47 (51.6%) of these children. The prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations in categories A, B, and C were 4%, 62%, and 75%, respectively. The mucocutaneous manifestations in patients in categories B and C were significantly more common than in those category A (p < 0.001). The most common finding was oral candidiasis (36.3%). Drug rash, pruritic papular eruption, herpes zoster, cutaneous candidiasis, Penicillium marneffei infection, and herpes simplex virus stomatitis were found in 6.6%, 5.5%, 4. 4%, 3.4%, and 2. 2% of patients, respectively. All three patients who had disseminated P. marneffei infection were in category C.
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PMID:Mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV infection in 91 children born to HIV-seropositive women. 1057 33

Candida species are responsible for all but exceptional examples of oral fungal infection. Oral Candida lesions are seen only in patients who are predisposed to such disease by physiological or immunological abnormalities, particularly by extremes of age and HIV infections. The infections can be acute or chronic, pseudomembranous ("thrush") or atrophic (erythemateous). In the AIDS patient, mixtures of clinical types may be seen. Diagnosis of oral Candida infection requires microscopic or culture proof of the involvement of a Candida species. Treatment depends on the type of patient and the type of infection. Topical antifungal agents, usually of the imidazole, triazole or polyene type, are commonly used, although non-specific antiseptics are recommended for denture cleansing in cases of denture-associated stomatitis.
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PMID:Mycology in oral pathology. 1179 91

Cell-mediated immunity conferred by CD4+ T helper cells is considered the predominant host defense against mucosal Candida infections, with Thelper (Th1)-type responses associated with resistance to infection and Th2-type responses associated with susceptibility to infection. Oropharyngeal candidiasis, the most common oral opportunistic infection in HIV-infected persons, is associated with a Th2-type cytokine profile in saliva. To obtain more direct evidence for a role of salivary cytokines in susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidiasis during immunosuppression, we evaluated Th1/Th2-type cytokines in the saliva of those with denture stomatitis, a form of oropharyngeal candidiasis not related to immunosuppression. Results showed that HIV-negative denture wearers with and without denture stomatitis demonstrated a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile with no significant differences found between the groups. These results suggest that a local Th cytokine dichotomy in saliva is not associated with susceptibility to denture stomatitis in immunocompetent persons.
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PMID:Salivary cytokine profiles in the immunocompetent individual with Candida-associated denture stomatitis. 1235 13

Radioactive iodine ((131)I) targets the thyroid gland and has been proven to play an effective role in the treatment of differentiated papillary and follicular cancers. Simultaneously, this radioisotope hones in on the salivary glands where it is concentrated and secreted into the saliva. Dose related damage to the salivary parenchyma results from the (131)I irradiation. Salivary gland swelling and pain, usually involving the parotid, can be seen. The symptoms may develop immediately after a therapeutic dose of (131)I and/or months later and progress in intensity with time. In conjunction with the radiation sialadenitis, secondary complications reported include xerostomia, taste alterations, infection, increases in caries, facial nerve involvement, stomatitis, candidiasis, and neoplasia. Prevention of the (131)I sialadenitis may involve the use of sialogogic agents to hasten the transit time of the radioactive iodine through the salivary glands. However, studies are not available to delineate the efficacy of this approach. Recently, amifostine has been advocated to prevent the effects of irradiation. Treatment of the varied complications that may develop encompass numerous approaches and include gland massage, sialogogic agents, duct probing, antibiotics, mouthwashes, good oral hygiene, and adequate hydration.
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PMID:Radioactive iodine and the salivary glands. 1272 75

Various conditions of the oral mucosa can give rise to a burning sensation. Candidosis, geographic tongue (erythema migrans), mucocutaneous conditions and stomatitis can all cause mouth burns with visible changes to the oral mucosa. The so-called 'burning-mouth syndrome' (BMS) is a fairly rare but extremely unpleasant condition characterised by a bilateral burning sensation of the oral mucosa in the absence of clinically visible mucosal changes. Frequently-associated symptoms include dry mouth and loss or change of taste. The aetiology is unknown, even though most of the literature focuses on the role of a possible underlying psychogenic disorder. Several mucosal disorders can cause symptoms similar to BMS. Therefore, careful oral examination is required before establishing the diagnosis of BMS. Additional laboratory tests or a specialist examination rarely yield abnormal findings of relevance. Reassurance and understanding are important keywords in the management of patients suffering from BMS. Unless clearly indicated dental or medical treatment should be avoided, even if the patient insists on it, since such treatment is rarely effective.
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PMID:[Burning mouth]. 1601 Sep 62

The Brazilian commercial ethanol propolis extract, also formulated to ensure physical and chemical stability, was found to inhibit oral candidiasis in 12 denture-bearing patients with prosthesis stomatitis candidiasis association.
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PMID:Oral candidiasis treatment with Brazilian ethanol propolis extract. 1616 Oct 31


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