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Query: UMLS:C0038362 (stomatitis)
 8,852 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Up to 60% of the population carry Candida albicans as part of the oral flora without having evidence of candidiasis. The pleomorphic clinical manifestations of oral candidiasis viz. thrush, denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis, speckled leukoplakia, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and its variants are briefly discussed. Current diagnostic techniques of oral candidiasis (OC) are reviewed. A simple and quick method of helping the clinician in the diagnosis of OC by taking a direct smear of the lesion is emphasized. OC is a 'disease of the diseased'. As a routine a full blood picture, serum iron and serum folate levels should be looked at. Several predisposing causes of OC need to be investigated. An up-date on the treatment of OC with nystatin, amphotericin B lozenges, clotrimazole and miconazole is made.
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PMID:Oral candidiasis--its pleomorphic clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. 391 9

The effect of dental evaluation and treatment prior to bone marrow transplantation in 11 pediatric patients was assessed. Oral complications associated with marrow ablative therapy and the immediate posttransplant period (Days 0-35) were also studied. Oral complications during marrow ablative therapy included: xerostomia (2/11 patients) and parotitis (1/11 patients). Oral complications in the immediate post-transplant period (Days 0-35) included: mucositis (11/11 patients); moniliasis (9/11 patients); and stomatitis associated with acute G.V.H.D. (3/9 patients receiving allogenic marrow transplants). The onset of the mucositis in the posttransplant period usually occurred at the nadir of the white blood cell count and resolved when the absolute neutrophil count was approximately 500/m3. The onset of moniliasis in the posttransplant period was usually 1-2 days after the onset of the mucositis. Resolution of the moniliasis usually paralleled resolution of the mucositis. No patient developed an infectious and/or hemorrhagic complication of odontogenic origin.
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PMID:Oral complications associated with bone marrow transplantation in a pediatric population. 634 81

Clinical disease states encountered in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reviewed with an emphasis on oral Kaposi's sarcoma. The disease is reaching epidemic proportions among homosexual males and is characterized by onset of fever, malaise, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy. Subsequent to these initial nonspecific signs and symptoms, patients develop a variety of opportunistic infections or Kaposi's sarcoma (or both). The oral lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma are characterized by red, blue, or purple plaques or nodules encountered primarily, yet not exclusively on the palate. Other oral manifestations of AIDS include candidiasis and herpetic stomatitis. Epidemiologic studies suggest the probability of a transmissible agent, perhaps a virus. It is recommended that dental care should be rendered to these patients, using mask and gloves with autoclave sterilization of all instruments.
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PMID:Oral Kaposi's sarcoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among homosexual males. 657 66

This double-blind clinical trial was carried out in 38 patients to compare the efficacy of 2.5% Pimafucin suspension with a placebo in the treatment of denture stomatitis. The diagnosis of Candida infection was confirmed by the making of cultures and microscopic examination. Data were analyzed from 32 patients, of whom 18 received Pimafucin suspension and 14 a placebo suspension. Pimafucin suspension-treated patients showed a significant reduction of Candida infection in terms of culture, culture growth, and number of colonies within the first week of therapy. There was no statistical evidence of relapse during the 4-week period after therapy was stopped. The group receiving a placebo failed to show any statistically significant improvement with respect to the mentioned parameters. Erythema of oral mucosa showed significant improvement in both groups. No side effects were found.
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PMID:Efficacy of 2.5% Pimafucin suspension in the treatment of denture stomatitis. 661 45

Literature concerning the relationship between denture plaque, oral pathology, and the nature and effectiveness of the products commercially available for cleaning dentures has been reviewed. The literature reports indicate that (1) plaque on the tissue surface side of the denture is unquestionably a major etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis, inflammatory papillary hyperplasia, and chronic candidiasis and (2) there are shortcomings in the popular products used by the public to clean their dentures. The protocol and results of a study to test the plaque removal effectiveness of a new denture cleansing product are described. In this study, the plaque removal effectiveness of the ultrasonic device tested, when used with water alone, was found to be substantially greater than that of two popular alkaline-peroxide soak-type denture cleansers, Efferdent and Polident.
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PMID:Denture plaque and denture cleansers. 693 44

A total of 9,955 schoolchildren aged 6-16 years have been examined in a tropical region. The prevalence of dermatosis varied from 21 to 87% in the municipalities surveyed. The most common dermatoses were pediculosis (prevalence 50%), nevi (16.8%), pityriasis versicolor (13.2%), pyoderma (12.2%), pityriasis alba (9.9%), dermatophytosis (6.2%), viral dermatosis (6.2%), scabies (3.0%) and acne vulgaris (2.7%). The prevalence of angular stomatitis, miliaria rubra, candidiasis, piedra nigra, keratosis pilaris, ephelides and geographic tongue is lower but still relatively high. Females had higher rates of pediculosis capitis and males higher prevalence of pityriasis alba. The prevalence of pityriasis versicolor, pigmented nevus and scabies was similar in males and females. Folliculitis, macular pigmented nevi and especially pityriasis versicolor tended to increase with age. Leprosy is hyperendemic in the surveyed area and its rate in the schoolchildren examined was 0.08%. Population movement (urbanization), socioeconomic situation, living conditions, promiscuity, and lack of hygiene may be the cause of such high prevalence and of association of two or more skin conditions. Climatic conditions might have enhanced the prevalence of certain dermatoses (pityriasis versicolor, dermatophytosis, piedra nigra, candidiasis, miliaria rubra).
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PMID:Epidemiological survey of skin diseases in schoolchildren living in the Purus Valley (Acre State, Amazonia, Brazil). 727 19

Oral Candida infections may appear in many guises, especially in HIV-infected individuals. Whereas the pseudomembranous and the erythematous forms of oral candidiasis are the most frequently encountered in such patients, there appear to be further clinical variants of this disease. This paper describes seven dentate homosexual AIDS patients who developed papillary hyperplasia of the palate which was associated with Candida infection. Such lesions, classically related to denture stomatitis, have rarely been described in dentate patients, and this report further expands the spectrum of candidal infections seen in HIV disease.
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PMID:Candida-associated palatal papillary hyperplasia in HIV infection. 782

Oral mucosal inflammation evolves in response to microbial pathogens and non-infectious antigens which activate humoral and cell-mediated immunologic processes. Most of these disease processes invoke a leukocyte response culminating in cellular infiltration of the submucosa and, to some degree, transmigration into the epithelium itself. Calprotectin, a leukocyte-derived dimeric protein complex that has potent antibacterial and antifungal effects, has recently been identified in skin and mucosal keratinocytes implying that epithelium may biochemically contribute to the overall mechanism of host defense. In this study, the upregulation of calprotectin as assessed immunohistochemically is pursued for oral diseases of immunopathologic, fungal and viral origin. In lichen planus, candidiasis, herpes virus stomatitis, and oral hairy leukoplakia, calprotectin was found to be expressed to a significantly higher level than in normal control mucosal samples.
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PMID:Keratinocyte expression of calprotectin in oral inflammatory mucosal diseases. 822 66

Standard strains and clinically isolated strains of Candida albicans were tested for their virulence for mice. Lethal effects of yeast forms of clinical isolates were stronger than those of germ tube-forming cells in all except one strain. The germ tube of C. albicans JCM1542 killed mice earlier than the yeast form. Proteinase activity of the clinically isolated strains from patients with dental caries and xerostomia was negatively correlated with median survival time (MST) of mice which were injected with 1 x 10(6) yeast form cells. The yeast forms of the standard strains had a weak lethal effect on mice compared with their proteinase activity and the yeast forms of the clinical isolates from patients with acute pseudomembranous candidiasis and denture stomatitis had a highly lethal effect with relatively low proteinase activity. These results indicate that the virulence of C. albicans in partially due to proteinase activity.
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PMID:Germ tube formation and proteinase activity of Candida albicans in relation to virulence for mice. 832 Apr 64

Age alone is not usually sufficient for the development of disease due to Candida, but it appears to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Mucocutaneous Candida infections such as thrush and denture stomatitis are associated with local and mechanical factors. A rare and sight-threatening complication of cataract surgery is Candida endophthalmitis. Systemic Candida infections are becoming more common due to increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs and the increasing risk of nosocomial candidiasis in the intensive care unit. Candiduria is increasingly common in older patients with diabetes mellitus, indwelling urinary catheters, and a history of antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Opportunistic fungal infections: superficial and systemic candidiasis. 933 5


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