Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0038358 (gastric ulcer)
 5,179 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence that exogenous prostaglandins (PGs) prevent cell damage caused by noxious agents in vitro is now accepted by most investigators. Gastric mucosal cells produce PGs and leukotrienes (LTs). Endogenous PGs may play a crucial role in cell protection, as evidenced by the fact that indomethacin accelerates ethanol-induced damage to dispersed gastric cells and exogenous PG reverses it. Moreover, mild irritants (3% ethanol or 50 degrees C water) stimulate PG generation in cells and make them resistant to ethanol-induced injury, effects that are abolished by indomethacin. On the other hand, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase prevents cell injury caused by ethanol and exogenous LTC4 aggravates it, indicating that LTs have opposite effects on PGs. Another important area of PG research is restitution of surface epithelium after damage, allowing study of mechanisms of mucosal healing. PGs may promote wound healing not only via protective effects but also via stimulatory effects on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, reconstruction of extracellular matrix, and anti-inflammatory effects. PG depletion during the healing of experimental gastric ulcer predisposes to future ulcer relapse. Therefore, endogenous PGs may affect both the quality of ulcer healing and speed of ulcer healing. Persistent infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in the mucosal scar is the most prominent finding that indicates poor quality of ulcer healing in rats treated initially with indomethacin and thus depleted of PGs. Recent clinical findings suggest a relationship between the quality of ulcer healing and future ulcer relapse. Gastroprotective drugs, such as PG analogues and inducers of PG synthesis, should have a crucial role in promotion of improved quality of ulcer healing and thus reduction of future relapse.
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PMID:Arachidonic acid cascade and gastric mucosal injury, protection, and healing: topics of this decade. 877 84

A crude antioxidant preparation from fermented okara (NTX) was examined for its protection against the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer in water-immersed rats. The areas of gastric mucosal lesions as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, prostaglandin E2 and hyaluronic acid in the gastric mucosa were measured in relation to the time elapsed after the imposition of stress. Comparison with those parameters in alpha-tocopherol-treated groups revealed that NTX exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on gastric injury, probably by functioning as a free radical scavenger.
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PMID:Repression of acute gastric mucosal lesions by antioxidant-containing fraction from fermented products of okara (bean-curd residue). 878 Sep 75

The aim of this study is to investigate the pharmacological effect of the stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms from Hokkaido (Japanese name: Ezoukogi) in place of the root bark as a restorative tonic on the stress-induced gastric ulcer. In the test, the extract of the stem bark of A. senticosus prepared with hot water was dissolved in water and used for the assay of the protective effect of gastric ulcer (erosion) on stressed rats that were restrained on cold water. The result from a single oral administration of the stem bark of A. senticosus-extract (50, 100 and 500 mg/kg, per day) dissolved in 1 ml distilled water did not show any protective effect on gastric ulcer, but the protective effect was observed in a dose-dependent manner from the oral administration of the extract (50, 100 and 500 mg/kg, per day) for 2 weeks. Pre-administration of the stem bark of A. senticosus-extract in a dose of 500 mg/kg showed the most potent inhibition without affecting either body or adrenal glands weights. Among ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous residue extracts from the stem bark of A. senticosus-extract, the n-butanol extract used for oral administration for 2 weeks showed an obvious inhibition of 61.1% on gastric ulcer, compared with the control group which was treated with distilled water in the same way. Chlorogenic acid and syringaresinol di-o-beta-D-glucoside, as the major components of the n-butanol extract, showed a significantly inhibitory effect on gastric ulcer, at 21.4% and 51.3%, respectively. We suggested that the protective effect of the stem bark of A. senticosus on gastric ulcer may be partially due to those of chlorogenic acid and syringaresinol di-o-beta-D-glucoside.
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PMID:Protective effects of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms from Hokkaido and its components on gastric ulcer in restrained cold water stressed rats. 888 47

Electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution is acidic water that contains active oxygen and active chlorine and possesses a redox potential. We performed peritoneal and abscess lavages with an electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution to treat 7 patients with peritonitis and intraperitoneal abscesses, who were seen in our department between December 1994 and April 1995. The underlying disease was duodenal ulcer perforation in 4 of these 7 patients and gastric ulcer perforation, acute enteritis, and intraperitoneal perforation of pyometrium in 1 patient each. Irrigation was performed twice a day. Microbiological studies of the paracentesis fluid were negative in 3 cases, and the irrigation period was 2-4 days. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 3 of the 4 positive cases (Bacteroides in 2, Prevotella in 1), and a fungus (Candida) was isolated in the remaining patient. The period of irrigation in these patients ranged from 9 to 12 days, but conversion to a microorganism negative state was observed in 3-7 days.
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PMID:Trial of electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution lavage in the treatment of peritonitis and intraperitoneal abscess. 901 3

The effect of cromakalim, a potassium-channel opener, was studied on pylorus ligation-induced, aspirin-induced and water-immersion plus restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats and on histamine-induced duodenal ulcer in guinea-pigs. Pretreatment with cromakalim (50-500 micrograms kg-1, p.o.) resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of gastric and duodenal ulceration in each model. The anti-ulcer activity of cromakalim was comparable with that of cimetidine. Cromakalim at 100, 250 and 500 micrograms kg-1 caused a reduction in the volume of the gastric content in pylorus-ligated rats, and a dose of 250 micrograms kg-1 resulted in a significant reduction in total acidity (28.81 +/- 11.73 mEq L-1, P < 0.02) in the pylorus ligation model. A significant reduction in total acid output was observed at doses of 250 micrograms kg-1 (84.27 +/- 22.33 mEqH+, P < 0.02) and 500 micrograms kg-1 (120.17 +/- 24.49 mEqH+, P < 0.01) in pylorus-ligated rats. A significant reduction in the ulcer index in pylorus-ligated rats was observed at all cromakalim doses: 50 micrograms kg-1 (0.23 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05), 100 micrograms kg-1 (0.15 +/- 0.09, P < 0.02), 250 micrograms kg-1 (0.12 +/- 0.05, P < 0.01) and 500 micrograms kg-1 (0.14 +/- 0.03, P < 0.02). A significant reduction in the ulcer index of aspirin-treated rats was also observed at all cromakalim dose levels: 50 micrograms kg-1 (0.39 +/- 0.03, P < 0.01), 100 micrograms kg-1 (0.28 +/- 0.06, P < 0.01), 250 micrograms kg-1 (0.22 +/- 0.04, P < 0.001) and 500 micrograms kg-1 (0.28 +/- 0.03, P < 0.01). In the water-immersion plus restraint stress-induced gastric ulcer model, cromakalim significantly reduced gastric ulceration at all the dose levels: 50 micrograms kg-1 (28.2 +/- 2.12, P < 0.001), 100 micrograms kg-1 (20.24 +/- 1.71, P < 0.01), 250 micrograms kg-1 (19.95 +/- 1.46, P < 0.001) and 500 micrograms kg-1 (21.61 +/- 3.00, P < 0.001) but there was no consistent reduction of gastric bleeding. In addition to gastric ulcers, duodenal lesions were also reduced by pretreatment with cromakalim at all dose levels: 50 micrograms kg-1 (97.87 +/- 20.03 mm2, P < 0.02), 100 micrograms kg-1 (70.72 +/- 12.82 mm2, P < 0.02), 250 micrograms kg-1 (48.32 +/- 8.42 mm2, P < 0.01) and 500 micrograms kg-1 (55.50 +/- 12.50 mm2, P < 0.01). Cromakalim at a dose of 100 micrograms kg-1 also reduced total acidity (99.36 +/- 9.12 mEqL-1, P < 0.02) and total acid output (172.22 +/- 45.33 mEq of H+, P < 0.05) in this model. These findings demonstrate the anti-ulcer activity of cromakalim in different experimental models and suggest its potential use in ulcer therapy.
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PMID:Anti-ulcer activity of cromakalim (BRL 34915), a potassium-channel opener, against experimentally induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in rats and guinea-pigs. 905 94

Saliva contains several factors that protect the alimentary canal mucosa against acidity. We measured the secretory carbonic anhydrase (CA VI) levels in the saliva of patients with gastrointestinal disorders using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. The mean enzyme concentrations were found to be lower in patients with verified esophagitis, gastric ulcer, or duodenal ulcer than in control patients with nonacid peptic diseases. The biochemical data from the enzyme activity assays and western blots of the human gastric mucosa and gastric juice samples indicated that the swallowed CA VI probably retains its activity in the harsh environment of the gastric lumen. In the upper alimentary canal, CA VI may neutralize the acid by catalyzing the formation of carbon dioxide and water. The present findings suggest that drugs supplemented with CA VI may prove beneficial in treating acid-peptic diseases.
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PMID:Salivary carbonic anhydrase protects gastroesophageal mucosa from acid injury. 914 56

Rebamipide which is used as a drug for gastritis and stomach ulcer has large capability for OH radical scavenging. It is expected that rebamipide has protective effect against ionizing radiations. The present paper deals with protective effect of rebamipide for cultured mammalian cells exposed to ionizing radiations. As rebamipide is insoluble in water, three solvents were used to dissolve. Rebamipide dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMFA) and 0.02 N NaOH was added to the cells in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and the cells were irradiated with X-rays. After irradiation, the cells were trypsinized, plated in MEM with 10% fetal calf serum and incubated for 7 days in a CO2 incubator to form colonies. Rebamipide dissolved in 0.02 N NaOH exhibited the protective effect expected its OH radical scavenging capability. However, the protective effect of rebamipide dissolved in DMSO was about half of that expected by its radical scavenging capability and that of rebamipide dissolved in DMFA was not observed. Uptake of rebamipide labeled with 14C increased with increasing contact time with rebamipide. These rebamipide mainly distributed in nucleous rather than cytoplasm.
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PMID:[Protection of cultured mammalian cells by rebamipide]. 924 42

The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of H. Pylori infection in patients with chronic gastroduodenal pathology, who were treated in the gastroenterology units of four hospitals located in the Federal Capital and its neighbouring areas. 398 patients were studied by means of clinical assessment and epidemiology data. Upper endoscopy was carried out two biopsies were taken of the gastric antrum for a quick ureasa test and histological assessment of the H. pylori state by means of giemsa's stain. The prevalence of infection on the total of the studied population was 75.6%. In patients with gastric ulcer was 70%; in patients with duodenal ulcer it was 77.2% and 78.5% in patients with chronic gastritis. The prevalence of H. Pylori infection on the population according to age groups was: 61.54% in patients between 21 and 40 years; 76.14% in patients between 41 and 60 years, and 68.22% in patients over 60 year. We have tried to obtain a correlation between the prevalence of the infection and some sanitary characteristic (Running water and sewers) on the studied population. It was seen that 225 patients who lived in dwellings with running water and sewers showed a prevalence of infection of 69.34% and in 129 patients who did not have running water or sewer the rate of prevalence of infection was 83.72; a difference which was statistically significant, (with P < 0.01) for the patients who lived in poor sanitary conditions. These data may be important when the design of therapeutic schemes for the eradication of the bacteria is made.
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PMID:[Multicenter study of Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence in patients with chronic gastroduodenal disease. Various epidemiologic features]. 952 22

Hange-shashin-to (HST) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription (Banxia Xiexin Tang) which has long been used in the therapy of gastric functional disorders. In this report, the effect of HST extract on water-immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulcer based on the changes in gastric mucin content and the variations of monoamine contents in hypothalamus were investigated. Ulcer index was microscopically measured by the sum total of the lengths of ulcers in glandular stomach. Gastric mucin content was determined by a PAS-staining methods and the monoamine contents were detected by HPLC-ECD method. HST extract was orally administered at 1, 2 and 3 g/kg for three consecutive days before stress exposure. Water-immersion restraint stress decreased the mucin content and produced gastric ulcers in a restraint time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with HST extract markedly inhibited the reduction of gastric mucin content and the development of gastric ulcer with significant differences (p < or = 0.01). The remarkable decrease of NE and 5-HT contents but prominent increases of MHPG and 5-HIAA contents were observed in hypothalamus after water-immersion restraint stress (p < or = 0.01). Those changes in monoamine contests in hypothalamus were also significantly inhibited by the pretreatment with HST extract at higher dosage (p < or = 0.05). These results indicate that the changes in gastric mucin content and the variation of monoamines in hypothalamus relate to the pathogenesis of water-immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers, and it is suggested that the prophylactic effects of HST extract on stress induced gastric ulcers may be associated with an increase in gastric mucin content, although the prevention of HST extract on the extraordinary changes in monoamine contents in hypothalamus due to stress cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Protective effects of Hange-shashin-to on water-immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers. 957 80

Although venous air embolism is a known complication in medical practice in general, only a single case of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy complicated by venous air embolism with consecutive acute cardiovascular failure has so far been described in literature. Here we show that gastroscopy may be accompanied by massive, i.e. fatal venous air embolism. If a vessel in the gastrointestinal tract is exposed but does not collapse (in the case of a gastric ulcer, for example) air insufflated under pressure by the gastroscope may lead to a fatal air embolism. Our tests using a commercial gastroscope revealed that an overpressure of up to 43 kPa (kiloPascals) is reached without the rinsing function while an overpressure of up to 45 kPa is measured if the rinsing function is operated simultaneously. The maximum flow rates without resistance were 100 ml/min for rinsing liquid (purified water) and 2000 ml/min for air. Our results suggest that air insufflation by the gastroscope may result in a critical air embolism within very few seconds on condition that a connection with the vascular system exists. However, this complication is extremely rarely encountered. We propose that CO2 should be administered in place of air or alternatively the maximum pressure should be considerably reduced to avoid a fatal outcome in routinely performed gastroscopical examinations.
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PMID:Mechanism of fatal air embolism after gastrointestinal endoscopy. 958 99


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